Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：International Journal of Retina and Vitreous  

Background: Effects of macular shape changes on the retina have been studied in pathologic myopia. However, whether there are individual differences in macular shape in non-pathologic myopia and the influence of macular shape on retinochoroidal disease in these eyes is not well known. A recently developed ultra-wide-field optical coherence tomography (UWF-OCT) has a wider imaging range and can be used to evaluate inferior posterior staphyloma (IPS). We aimed to investigate the effect of IPS on Haller vessel running patterns (HVRPs) in healthy eyes using UWF-OCT. Methods: This single-center retrospective study included healthy subjects. UWF-OCT images of normal subjects were stretched vertically to enhance the macula's shape and classified into IPS (n = 16) and non-IPS (n = 113) groups with or without propensity score matching (PSM) for age, sex, and ocular axis length. The HVRPs were subjectively classified into symmetry, superior dominant, and inferior dominant. Differences in the proportions of the patterns between the two groups were compared using Fisher's exact test. Results: In the non-IPS group, 65 (57.5%) individuals had a symmetric pattern of Haller's vessels, 32 (28.3%) had an upper-dominant pattern, and 16 (14.1%) had a lower-dominant pattern. In the IPS group, 14 eyes (87.5%) presented an upper dominant pattern, and 2 (12.5%) presented a symmetric pattern. There was a significant difference in vascular running patterns between the two groups (P < 0.001). After the PSM, a similar trend was confirmed. Conclusions: The eyes with IPS are likely to have superior dominant HVRPs compared to the non-IPS group in healthy eyes. Macular shape may play a role in HVRPs, which are involved in the pathogenesis of retinochoroidal diseases.

DOI： 10.1186/s40942-025-00661-w

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Retina  

Purpose: To identify optical coherence tomography-based imaging biomarkers that can localize focal leakage points without fluorescein angiography in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).Methods:This retrospective case-control study analyzed 119 consecutive patients (123 eyes) with CSC between April 2018 and February 2024, comprising 66 eyes with focal-leakage type and 57 eyes with diffuse-leakage type. We assessed leakage sites using optical coherence tomography, and the proportions of optical coherence tomography findings were compared between focal-leakage and diffuse-leakage types.Results:Hyporeflective lucency signs were observed in 27 eyes (40.9%) with focal-type CSC, while no such signs were detected in diffuse-type CSC cases (0.0%; P < 0.001). In focal-type CSC, these signs were exclusively localized to leakage points, with no occurrence in other areas within serous retinal detachment. Microrips of retinal pigment epithelium and subretinal hyperreflective material were identified in 23 (34.8%) and 47 eyes (71.2%) with focal-type CSC, respectively, and also in eyes with diffuse-type CSC (5.3% and 19.3%, respectively; P < 0.001 for both comparisons).Conclusion:Only the hyporeflective lucency sign is present exclusively in focal leakage points of fluorescein angiography. Our findings suggested that the hyporeflective lucency sign may serve as a potential therapeutic target in CSC.

DOI： 10.1097/IAE.0000000000004404

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Journal of Clinical Medicine  

Background: This study evaluates the effect of limiting eyelid opening on wound closure time and surgical outcomes during cataract surgery. Methods: This retrospective study included 129 patients who had undergone cataract surgery between December 2023 and March 2024. The patients were divided into two groups based on the degree of eyelid opening: full eyelid opening group (n = 78) and 1 mm eyelid opening group (n = 51). Wound closure time, total operation time, postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), uncorrected and best-corrected visual acuity (UCVA and BCVA, respectively), anterior chamber protein levels, and corneal endothelial cell loss were compared between the two groups. Results: The 1 mm eyelid opening group had a significantly shorter wound closure time (32.9 ± 11.2 s) compared with the full eyelid opening group (57.0 ± 21.3 s, p < 0.001), as well as reduced total operation time (547.5 ± 83.1 s vs. 606.9 ± 144 s, p = 0.02). No significant differences were observed in the postoperative IOP, BCVA, UCVA, anterior chamber protein levels, or corneal endothelial cell loss between the groups. Conclusions: Limiting the eyelid opening to 1 mm from the corneal limbus during cataract surgery can reduce wound closure time and total operation time without compromising visual outcomes or corneal endothelial health. This simple adjustment may contribute to improved surgical efficiency.

DOI： 10.3390/jcm14093163

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Graefe S Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology  

Purpose: To comprehensively evaluate baseline characteristics of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) and develop predictive risk scores to identify visual prognosis. Methods: This single-institute, retrospective cohort study included 144 eyes of 144 patients with CSC who underwent photodynamic therapy and achieved serous retinal detachment resolution. We developed and assessed the performance of several risk scores for best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) outcomes six months post-treatment: i) BCVA improvement (≤-1.0 logMAR), and ii) BCVA deterioration (≥+ 1.0 logMAR). Results: The BCVA improvement models used photoreceptor outer segment thickness, loss of photoreceptor outer segment, and neurosensory retinal thickness (NSRT), while the BCVA deterioration models included outer nuclear layer thickness and NSRT. The BCVA improvement models demonstrated a corrected area under the curve (AUC) of 0.786 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.699–0.864), with 80.4% sensitivity, and 71.2% specificity. The BCVA deterioration models achieved a corrected AUC of 0.864 (95% CI: 0.742–0.958), with 85.7% sensitivity, and 83.5% specificity. Conclusion: The predictive models for CSC exhibited favorable performance in predicting individual visual prognoses. A thinner outer nuclear layer may be associated with BCVA deterioration, whereas preservation of the photoreceptor outer segment may be correlated with BCVA improvement. What is known : Key Messages: Pre-treatment best-corrected visual acuity, thickness of each sensory retinal layer, time from onset to treatment, and macular atrophy were each found to be associated with visual prognosis for patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). What is new : The current study comprehensively assessed potential prognostic factors and precisely identified individual likelihood of visual prognosis. The study found that different regions of the sensory retina were associated with either worsening or improving visual acuity. Accurately predicting visual outcomes after photodynamic therapy for CSC would help healthcare providers create personalized treatment plans and enable patients to make informed decisions about their treatment based on their expected visual results.

DOI： 10.1007/s00417-024-06698-1

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：International Journal of Retina and Vitreous  

Background: To compare the one-year outcomes between intravitreal brolucizumab (IVBr) monotherapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) as a second-line treatment in patients with polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) who did not respond to first-line therapy. Methods: This case–control study included eyes with PCV that do not respond to aflibercept or ranibizumab. The patients were retrospectively registered. We compared outcomes, including best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anatomical results, and the need for additional treatments, between IVBr and a combination therapy using PDT as second-line treatments for refractory PCV, after adjusting for potential confounders. We analyzed E-values to evaluate the robustness of the results against unmeasured confounders. Results: Twenty-two eyes received IVBr, and twenty-four underwent PDT. No apparent differences were observed in BCVA and central macular thickness (CMT) changes from baseline between the groups (IVBr vs. PDT: BCVA, 0.01 ± 0.47 logMAR vs. 0.04 ± 0.18 logMAR, P-value = 0.756; CMT: − 36.3 ± 99.4 μm vs. − 114.7 ± 181.4 μm, P-value = 0.146). Only in the PDT group, five eyes (20.8%) did not require additional treatment after the second-line treatment, the adjusted odds ratio indicating no further treatment needed was 11.98 (95% confidence interval: 1.42–2070.07, P-value = 0.019). The E-value for the adjusted odds ratio was 23.44. Conclusions: Both second-line treatments for PCV exhibited similar visual and anatomical outcomes. Only in the PDT-treated eyes were there some patients who did not require further treatment after second-line therapy.

DOI： 10.1186/s40942-024-00553-5

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：(株)医学書院  

＜文献概要＞目的:アフリベルセプトとラニビズマブの硝子体内注射にかかる時間と,新薬であるラニビズマブバイオシミラー(BS)の硝子体内注射にかかる時間とを比較した。特に研修医と網膜疾患を専門とする医師(専門医)の間で比較し,眼科医の経験が処置時間に及ぼす影響を検討した。対象と方法:鹿児島大学病院で硝子体内注射を受けた滲出型加齢黄斑変性または糖尿病黄斑浮腫の患者を対象とした後ろ向き研究。処置時間は,注射のためのドレープ設置から除去までの時間とし,マン・ホイットニーのU検定を用いて研修医と専門医の間で比較した。注射に関連した重篤な合併症については,カルテ記録を調査した。さらに,医師の経験年数が処置時間に及ぼす影響をスピアマンの順位相関係数を用いて検証した。結果:研修医,専門医ともにすべての薬剤間で処置時間に有意な差はなかった。研修医はラニビズマブBS(p=0.025),ラニビズマブ(p=0.0013),アフリベルセプト(p=0.00091)注射時の処置時間が専門医より有意に長かった。処置時間と治療経験との間には統計学的に有意な負の相関があった(p<0.001,r=-0.56)。試験期間中,どの患者にも重篤な合併症はなかった。結論:ラニビズマブBSの硝子体内注射の処置時間は従来の薬剤と変わらない。研修医は専門医よりも処置時間が長いが安全に硝子体内注射を行うことができる。

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Scientific Reports  

This study aims to develop a method to quantify choroidal vessels in normal eyes using wide-field optical coherence tomography (OCT) en-face images. The study included participants with normal eyes in whom wide-angle OCT images were acquired to generate planarized choroidal en-face and thickness map images. The images were segmented into central, midperipheral, and peripheral areas, and the midperipheral and peripheral areas were further segmented into supratemporal, infratemporal, supranasal, and infranasal sectors. The mean planarized choroidal-vessel density (p-CVD), planarized choroidal-vessel size (p-CVS), and choroidal thickness (CT) were calculated in each sector. Sex differences were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test. The study included 162 participants comprising 84 female (mean age, 43.5 years; axial length, 24.0 mm) and 78 male (mean age, 44.4 years; axial length, 24.2 mm) participants with no significant differences in demographics (P ≥ 0.107). Men had a higher mean p-CVD in all regions (P < 0.001). The mean p-CVS was greater in men in all regions except for the supratemporal sector (P < 0.001). No significant differences in sex in the mean CT were observed in all regions (P ≥ 0.106). The p-CVD and p-CVS in normal eyes differ between sexes. This finding may contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology of choroidal diseases.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-024-67671-w

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.7759/cureus.69639

PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：BMJ Open Ophthalmology  

Objective Colour scanning laser ophthalmoscope (cSLO) offers several advantages, including improved image quality and better visualisation of the retinal structures compared with colour fundus photograph (CFP). This study aimed to identify whether cSLO could be used to predict systemic arterial stiffness. Methods and analysis We retrospectively analysed the data of 54 patients with 103 eyes. In addition to blood pressure and blood data, all patients had cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) measurements, as well as images of the fundus acquired using cSLO and CFP. We determined the retinal artery sclerosis (RAS) index from the colour of the retinal artery in cSLO images, the ratio of arterial to venous diameter (A/V ratio), and Scheie’s classification in CFP images. The correlation between each parameter and CAVI was examined using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient, and the correlation between Scheie’s classification and CAVI was examined using Steel-Dowass tests. Results CAVI showed a significant positive correlation with the RAS index (r=0.679, p<0.001) but not with the A/V ratio or Scheie’s classification. Multiple regression analysis showed that the RAS index was significantly and independently correlated with CAVI. Conclusion cSLO is a non-invasive imaging modality that has the potential to accurately and instantaneously detect early systemic arterial stiffness.

DOI： 10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001456

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Journal of Ophthalmology  

Purpose: This study aimed to examine baseline characteristics for identifying factors associated with vision loss (VL) in patients with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) who successfully responded to photodynamic therapy (PDT). Design: A retrospective, clinical case-control study. Methods: This study included 85 eyes with CSC, which underwent PDT, and resolved serous retinal detachment. These eyes were classified into 2 groups: the VL group (best-corrected visual acuity 6 months after PDT was worse than that at baseline) and the vision maintenance or improved group (the others). Baseline factors were analyzed to determine the characteristics of the VL group and assess the diagnostic potential of these factors. Result: Seventeen eyes were included in the VL group. The mean values of the neurosensory retinal (NSR) thickness, the internal limiting membrane–external limiting membrane thickness (IET), and the external limiting membrane–photoreceptor outer segment thickness (EOT) in the VL group were significantly thinner than those in the vision maintenance or improved group (NSR thickness, 123.2 ± 39.7 µm vs 166.3 ± 49.6 µm, P < .001; IET, 63.1 ± 17.0 µm vs 88.0 ± 25.4 µm, P < .001; EOT, 60.1 ± 28.6 µm vs 78.3 ± 33.1, P = .041). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values for predicting VL were 94.1%, 50.0%, 32.0%, and 97.1% for NSR thickness; 94.1%, 51.5%, 32.7%, and 97.2% for IET; and 94.1%, 30.9%, 25.4%, and 95.5% for EOT, respectively. Conclusions: Pretreatment sensory retinal layer thickness could predict VL after PDT for CSC and may be a helpful reference for PDT.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.05.022

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：American Journal of Ophthalmology  

Purpose: This study aimed to establish a treatment index based on functional outcomes of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Design: A retrospective clinical case-control study. Methods: This was a single-institute study. Eighty (80) eyes with CSC, who were treated by PDT and whose subretinal fluid resolves within 6 months were divided into two groups: those with poor visual outcome (PVO) (best-corrected visual acuity [BCVA] ≤ 0.5 6 months post-PDT), and the remaining eyes (better visual outcome [BVO]). The areas under the curve (AUC) and cutoff values from receiver operating characteristic curves were examined. These was used to predict the groups using pretreatment BCVA and the thickness of each retinochoroidal layer. Result: Twenty-one (21) eyes were in the PVO group and 59 eyes in the BVO group were included. The AUCs were 0.959 for BCVA, 0.959 for the thickness from the internal limiting membrane to the external limiting membrane (IET), 0.820 for the thickness from the external limiting membrane to the photoreceptor outer segment layer, 0.715 for the subfoveal retinal thickness, and 0.515 for the subfoveal choroidal thickness. The BCVA and IET cut-off values were 0.267 logMAR and 71.5 µm, respectively. Using the combination of the cutoff values of BCVA and IET, the highest values for the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 95.2%, 94.9%, 85.0%, and 98.0%, respectively. Conclusion: The combination of pre-PDT BCVA and IET in CSC can accurately predict the post-treatment visual prognosis. These values could be used as a treatment index of PDT for CSC.

DOI： 10.1016/j.ajo.2023.04.016

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Graefe S Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology  

Purpose: To analyze the choroidal morphological changes in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) using ultra-widefield (UWF)-optical coherence tomography (OCT). Methods: This single-center, case–control study included 65 CSC eyes (52 males; age, 55.6 ± 13.0 years) and 65 healthy eyes (50 males; age, 57.1 ± 17.9 years). UWF-OCT (viewing angle, 200°) with real-shape correction was used to create an automated choroidal thickness (CT) map. The CT map had three sub-areas: the central (0–30°), middle (30–60°), and peripheral areas (60–100°), and was divided by vertical and horizontal lines. Differences in the CT and the CT change rate (CTCR) from the central to peripheral areas were examined between the CSC and control groups after adjusting for subjects’ demographic and clinical factors. Furthermore, we assessed the vortex veins dilation patterns (VVDP) in the macula and examined the CT and the CTCR differences between CSC patients and controls for each VVDP. Results: CSC patients had greater CT than those of the controls in all sectors (CSC vs. controls, the peripheral area: supratemporal 284.4 ± 71.2 μm vs. 220.4 ± 71.2 μm, infratemporal 263.3 ± 69.2 μm vs. 195.3 ± 52.3 μm, supranasal 251.9 ± 70.3 μm vs. 189.5 ± 58.1 μm, infranasal 193.6 ± 71.2 μm vs. 146.3 ± 48.9 μm, P < 0.0001 for all sectors). The CTCR was apparently larger in CSC eyes than controls only for the upper-dominant type of VVDP (CSC patients vs. controls, supratemporal 32.1 ± 9.9% vs. 4.6 ± 23.1%, infratemporal 44.0 ± 11.2% vs. 25.6 ± 16.8%, supranasal 42.6 ± 9.8% vs. 22.2 ± 19.4%, infranasal 57.6 ± 41.2% vs. 41.2 ± 13.9%, P < 0.0001 for all sectors). Conclusions: CSC has a thicker choroid, even in the peripheral areas, and the macular choroidal thickening was more severe in the upper-dominant type of VVDP. VVDP may affect the location of excessive fluid.

DOI： 10.1007/s00417-022-05905-1

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Retina  

Purpose:Choroidal stasis plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many conditions and leads to choroidal thickening. However, the normal peripheral choroidal thickness (PCT) pattern remains unknown. This study investigated PCT and associated factors using ultrawidefield optical coherence tomography in healthy eyes.Methods:This cross-sectional study included 120 healthy eyes (57 males; age, 52.0 ± 20.5 years). We used choroidal thickness maps created by ultrawidefield optical coherence tomography (viewing angle, 200°) with real-shape correction. The peripheral area was defined from 60° to 100° and further separated vertically and horizontally. The PCT and the correlations between PCT and subjects' characteristics were examined.Results:The PCT were 227.1 ± 57.0 μm, 199.6 ± 53.9 μm, 196.6 ± 57.1 μm, and 148.0 ± 38.2 μm in supratemporal, infratemporal, supranasal, and infranasal areas, respectively. The thickest peripheral sector was most frequently observed in supratemporal (69.2%). The PCT negatively correlated with age in all regions (P-values < 0.001) and axial length in supratemporal, supranasal, and infranasal areas (P-values ≤ 0.003). The temporal PCT was thicker on the side contiguous with the posterior pole Haller's vessels (P-values ≤ 0.020).Conclusion:The PCT is associated with age, axial length, and the running pattern of Haller's vessels.

DOI： 10.1097/IAE.0000000000003685

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Medicina Lithuania  

Background: When scleral buckling is performed using a #240 encircling band anterior to the equator for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, buckle migration may occur anteriorly, eroding the rectus muscle. There are few cases of buckle migration occurring simultaneously with buckle infection. Notably, most previous reports included inadequate data on the pathophysiology of buckle migration and did not include the Hess test and perioperative images. Case presentation: A 36-year-old man with a history of atopic dermatitis underwent scleral buckling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment of the left eye with #287 and #240 encircling bands at Kagoshima University Hospital. Four years later, he developed discharge, redness, and diplopia of the left eye. He was then referred to our hospital because buckle infection was suspected. The buckle was partially visible on the lower nasal side. Optical coherence tomography of the anterior chamber revealed the buckle to be on the nasal side and overlying the medial rectus muscle. Buckle migration and infection in the left eye was diagnosed, and early buckle removal was recommended. Two weeks later, on the day before surgery, conjunctival melting progressed in the nasal and inferior areas, and the buckle was exposed to a greater extent. In the surgical video at the initial surgery, the silicone band was confirmed to pass under the four rectus muscles, specifically the inferior and medial rectus muscles. At the beginning of the second surgery, we confirmed that the buckles were over the inferior and medial rectus muscles. As far as could be observed after buckle removal, the inferior and medial rectus muscles were not present at the normal location. Postoperatively, ocular pain and discharge quickly resolved. The subjective symptoms of diplopia also improved, and the postoperative Hess chart showed an improved ocular movement in the upward and lateral directions. Conclusions: Buckle migration is a rare postoperative complication of scleral buckling; however, patients at risk of buckle migration, such as those with encircling scleral buckle anterior to the eyeball, should be monitored with caution. If a buckle infection develops, buckle migration may occur within a short period, and early buckle removal should be considered.

DOI： 10.3390/medicina59030449

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Plos One  

Purpose To explore the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on the choroid of medial area from optic disc and factors correlated with treatment outcomes, we evaluated choroidal changes using ultra-widefield optical coherence tomography (UWF-OCT) after PDT for central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Methods In this retrospective case-series, we included CSC patients who received a standard-dose of full-fluence PDT. UWF-OCT were examined at baseline and 3 months after treatment. We measured choroidal thickness (CT), classified into central, middle, and peripheral sectors. We examined CT changes after PDT by sectors and treatment outcome. Results Twenty-two eyes of 21 patients (20 males; mean age 58.7 ± 12.3 years) were included. CT reduction after PDT was significant in all sectors, including peripheral areas: supratemporal, 330.5 ± 90.6 μm vs. 237.0 ± 53.2 μm; infratemporal, 240.0 ± 89.4 μm vs. 209.9 ± 55.1 μm; supranasal, 237.7 ± 59.8 vs 209.3 ± 69.3 μm; infranasal, 172.6 ± 47.2 μm vs. 155.1 ± 38.2 μm(P < 0.001, for all). In patients with retinal fluid resolution, despite no apparent difference in baseline CT, there was more significant reduction after PDT in supratemporal and supranasal peripheral sectors, compared with patients without resolution: supratemporal, 41.9 ± 30.3 μm vs. -1.6 ± 22.7 μm; supranasal, 24.7 ± 15.3 μm vs. 8.5 ± 3.6 μm (P < 0.019, for both). Conclusions Whole CT decreased after PDT, including in medial areas from optic disc. This may be associated with the treatment response of PDT for CSC.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0282057

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Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Journal of Clinical Medicine  

In this study, we aimed to map and characterize the choroidal thickness over a wide area from the posterior pole to the vortex vein in normal eyes. This observational study included 146 healthy eyes (63 male). Three-dimensional volume data were acquired to create a choroidal thickness map using swept-source optical coherence tomography. The map was classified as type A if an area with a choroidal thickness >250 µm in the vertical direction from the optic disc, and the area corresponding to the watershed was not observed, or as type B if such an area was observed. The relationship between the ratio of groups A to B and age was compared by classifying the age for three age groups: <40, 40–60, and >60 years in men and women. In men and women, 69.8% and 49.4% were classified as type A, respectively, with significant sex differences (p = 0.013). The proportion of type B decreased with increasing age in both the sexes. There was a significant difference between ≤60 and >60 years in men and between ≤40 and >40 years in women (p < 0.05). To conclude, the wide-area choroidal thickness and the age-dependent changes in healthy eyes differed between the sexes.

DOI： 10.3390/jcm12041505

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Retina  

Purpose:To compare surgical outcomes of filtered air and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) as an internal tamponade in patients undergoing primary 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy for uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with inferior breaks.Methods:Patients with uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with inferior breaks (between 4 and 8 o'clock positions) who were undergoing primary pars plana vitrectomy were enrolled. All eyes underwent pars plana vitrectomy and complete drainage of subretinal fluid, followed by filtered air or 20% SF6 tamponade. The main outcome measures included single-surgery anatomical success rates and final visual recovery.Results:Overall, 116 eyes of 116 patients (81 men and 35 women with a mean age of 55.2 years) were assessed. Air was used in 52 eyes (air group) and gas in 64 eyes (gas group). Single-surgery anatomical success was achieved in 50 (96.2%) and 60 (93.8%) eyes in the air and gas groups, respectively (P = 0.69), and final anatomical success was achieved in all eyes. The mean final Snellen visual acuity was similar in the air (20/23) and gas groups (20/21; P = 0.13).Conclusion:No significant differences were observed in single-surgery anatomical success rates and final visual recovery when comparing air with SF6 gas tamponade in pars plana vitrectomy for primary uncomplicated rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with inferior breaks.

DOI： 10.1097/IAE.0000000000003470

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