Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND: Assessing whole-body skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and fat-free mass (FFM) is essential for the adequate nutritional management and training evaluation of athletes and trained individuals. This study aimed to determine the relationship between SMM assessed using the creatine (methyl-d3) dilution (D3-creatine) method and SMM estimated by whole-body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in healthy young men undergoing exercise training. Additionally, we examined the association between FFM measured using the four-component (4C) method (FFM4C) and the total body protein value estimated using 4C (TBpro4C). METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed the data of 29 males (mean age, 19.9 ± 1.8 years) who exercised regularly. SMM measurements were obtained using the D3-creatine method (SMMD3-creatine) and MRI (SMMMRI). The SMMD3-creatine adjusted to 4.3 g/SMM kg was significantly higher than SMMMRI (p < 0.01). The fit of the creatine pool size compared with SMMMRI was 5.0 g/SMMMRI kg. SMMMRI was significantly correlated with both SMMD3-creatine adjusted to 4.3 g/kg and 5.1 g/kg. TBpro4C was significantly lower than SMMMRI (p < 0.01). Contrastingly, FFM4C was significantly higher than SMMMRI (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: SMMD3-creatine adjusted to 4.3 g/SMM kg-a previously reported value-may differ for athletes and active young males. We believe that a value of 5.0-5.1 g/SMM kg better estimates the total muscle mass in this population. Traditional FFM estimation highly correlates with SMMMRI in well-trained young males, and the relationships appear strong enough for total body protein or SMM to be estimated through the FFM value.

DOI： 10.1038/s41430-022-01237-9

Scopus

PubMed

Authorship：Lead author   Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

The doubly labeled water method is a gold-standard method for the measurement of total energy expenditure in daily life. We aimed to identify the relationship between measured aerobic capacity and total energy expenditure, activity energy expenditure, or physical activity level using the doubly labeled water method in adults of advanced old age. A total of 12 physically independent older adults (10 men and 2 women), aged 81-94 years, participated in this study. The aerobic capacity was evaluated according to the lactate threshold. Total energy expenditure under free-living conditions was assessed using the doubly labeled water method, and self-reported physical activity was obtained using the Japanese version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The lactate threshold was significantly positively correlated with total energy expenditure, activity energy expenditure, and physical activity level after adjusting for age and sex. We found that the aerobic capacity of the lactate threshold was positively and independently correlated with total energy expenditure, activity energy expenditure, or physical activity level. The present results suggest that maintaining aerobic capacity is an important factor in preventing frailty, although further research is required.

DOI： 10.3390/geriatrics7020048

Scopus

PubMed

Language：English  

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.14305

Scopus

PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Water and energy are essential for the human body. The doubly labeled water (DLW) method measures water turnover (WT) and total energy expenditure (TEE), which serves as a benchmark for the adequate intake (AI) of water and estimated energy requirements (EER). The objective of the current study was to examine the association of WT and TEE with physical activity and body composition in Japanese preschool children. We included 41 preschool children (22 girls, 19 boys) aged 3-6 in this study. WT, TEE, and fat-free mass (FFM) were obtained using DLW. Physical activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer and categorized as light (LPA; 1.5-2.9 Metabolic equivalents, METs) and of moderate-to-vigorous intensity (MVPA; ≥3.0 METs). Exercise duration (Ex) was defined as ≥4.0 METs of physical activity. WT and TEE moderately positively correlated with Ex, but not with LPA. WT moderately positively correlated with BW and FFM while TEE strongly. We established predictive equations for WT and TEE using body weight (BW), FFM, step count, and Ex to guide the AI of water and EER in Japanese preschool children. We found that FFM and step count are the determinants of TEE, and that BW and Ex are the determinants of WT in preschool children.

DOI： 10.3390/nu13114169

Scopus

PubMed

Language：English   Publisher：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

日本人において、コーヒー摂取量とサルコペニア指標(筋肉量、握力)の関連性を横断的に評価し、炎症軽減の関与について検討した。45～74歳の地域在住日本人を対象としたSaga J-MICCコホート研究の二次調査に参加した6369名(男性2360名、女性4009名)のデータを用いた。生体電気インピーダンス法により、骨格筋量指数(SMI)を評価した。習慣的コーヒー摂取量は、自記式質問票により評価した。血清高感度C反応性タンパク質(hsCRP)を炎症マーカーとした。男女ともに、コーヒー摂取量とSMIには有意な正相関が認められ、さらにhsCRPを調整後も有意性が維持された。コーヒー摂取量と握力には有意な関連性が認められなかった。コーヒー摂取により骨格筋量減少が予防できる可能性が示唆され、炎症の関与はほとんどないことが明らかとなった。

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

AIMS: Coffee consumption has been suggested, in animal studies, to inhibit the progression of sarcopenia, possibly through its anti-inflammatory effects; however, few studies have been carried out in humans. We aimed to examine whether coffee consumption was related to indicators of sarcopenia in a Japanese population, and whether the association was mediated by reduced inflammation. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional design. Participants were community residents (n = 6369) aged 45-74 years. We measured skeletal muscle mass index (SMI; kg/m2 ) by a bioelectrical impedance method, and grip strength with a Smedley-type dynamometer. Habitual coffee consumption was assessed by a self-administered questionnaire. Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was measured as an inflammatory marker. The association between habitual coffee consumption and SMI or grip strength was analyzed with a linear regression model adjusted for covariates. RESULTS: A significant positive association was found between coffee consumption and SMI (men: β = 0.023; Ptrend  = 0.004, women: β = 0.011; Ptrend  = 0.012). Further adjustment for high-sensitivity C-reactive protein did not materially alter the results (men: β = 0.023; Ptrend  = 0.005, women: β = 0.009; Ptrend  = 0.024). The relationship between coffee consumption and grip strength did not reach statistical significance; however, a positive trend was observed (men: β = 0.208; Ptrend  = 0.085, women: β = 0.092; Ptrend  = 0.167). CONCLUSIONS: We found that coffee consumption was positively associated with SMI independently of inflammation in middle-aged and older Japanese people. Reduced inflammation by coffee does not seem to be an important mediator, and further investigations are required to explore the mechanisms of this association. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 950-958.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.14264

Scopus

PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

BACKGROUND: Olfactory dysfunction is associated with severe brain atrophy and cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. However, it remains unknown whether an inability to identify particular odors is associated with physical performance, cognitive function, and/or brain atrophy in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 44 community-dwelling older adults were included (14 males, 30 females; mean age: 72.4 ± 5.7 years, range: 63-85 years). The Odor Stick Identification Test for Japanese, consisting of 12 odors, was used to examine olfaction. Subjects also completed physical performance (lower limb function, balance, and gait speed) and cognitive function (global cognition, logical memory, and the Trail Making Tests). Additionally, magnetic resonance imaging was used to investigate brain atrophy in the bilateral medial temporal area (MTA) and whole gray matter using the voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer's disease. RESULTS: Total olfaction was not significantly associated with physical performance, cognitive function, or brain atrophy. However, MTA atrophy was associated with an inability to identify Japanese orange (B: - 0.293; β: - 0.347; p < .05) after adjusting for age and sex (R2: 0.328; adjusted R2: 0.277). Subjects who were unable to identify Japanese orange (n = 30) had worse MTA atrophy than those who were able to identify Japanese orange (n = 14), even after adjusting for covariates (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Total olfaction was not associated with physical performance, cognitive function, or brain atrophy. However, an inability to identify Japanese orange odor was independently associated with mild MTA atrophy among community-dwelling older adults.

DOI： 10.1186/s12877-021-02363-y

Scopus

PubMed

Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Springer Science and Business Media LLC  

DOI： 10.1007/s12603-020-1449-6

Other Link： http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12603-020-1449-6/fulltext.html

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

PURPOSE: To evaluate the hydration of fat-free mass (FFM) in athletes and non-athletes. METHODS: We analyzed the data of 128 healthy young adults (athletes: 61 men, 36 women; non-athletes: 19 men, 12 women) using the two-component (2C), 3C and 4C models. Under-water weighing or air-displacement plethysmography and deuterium dilution methods were used for estimating body density and total body water, respectively. The bone mineral content (BMC) was determined using whole-body scans by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in FFM hydration between the athletes (men, 72.3 ± 1.3%; women, 71.8 ± 1.3%) and non-athletes (men, 72.1 ± 1.2%; women, 72.2% ± 1.0%) in the 3C model. The total mean FFM hydration (72.1% ± 1.3%) was similar to the corresponding value in the literature (~ 73%). The estimation error of the percentage fat by the 2C vs the 4C model was significantly and highly correlated with hydration (r = 0.96), BMC (r = - 0.70), and total body protein (r = - 0.86) in the 4C model FFM. CONCLUSION: Although FFM hydration was similar in athletes and non-athletes, it would be underestimated or overestimated when the 2C model is used for evaluation, and the biological FFM hydration value deviates from the 73% value inter-individually. Despite that this inter-individual variation in FFM hydration is low in terms of between-individual standard deviation (1.3%), the BMC and total body protein differ greatly in athletes, and when it affects FFM hydration, it may also affect the percentage fat measurement in the 2C model. Thus, FFM hydration would not be affected by FFM, percent body fat, or the athletic status.

DOI： 10.1007/s00421-020-04356-y

PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Body composition changes with age, with fat mass (FM) increasing and fat-free mass (FFM) decreasing. Higher physical activity and high or adequate protein intake are thought to be beneficial in preventing the loss of skeletal muscle mass in the elderly. We aimed to investigate the relationships between physical activity, protein intake, and FFM in older people with mild disability. Total energy expenditure (TEE) under free-living conditions was assessed using the doubly-labelled water (DLW) method, and physical activity was measured using a triaxial accelerometer. Dietary intake was assessed using a self-recorded food intake diary during the DLW period. Percent FFM was significantly positively correlated with protein intake and physical activity level (PAL) after adjustment for age and sex (protein intake r = 0.652, p < 0.001, PAL r = 0.345, p = 0.011). In multiple linear regression analysis, when PAL, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), or protein intake were included, 31%, 32%, and 55%, respectively, of the variation in %FFM was explained. Moreover, the addition of both PAL/MVPA and protein intake explained 61%/60%, respectively, of the variation in %FFM. Either protein intake above the currently recommended level or higher levels of physical activity would be beneficial for the maintenance of high %FFM.

DOI： 10.3390/nu11112595

PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Prior studies have examined offshore sailing and energy strategies using accurate total energy expenditure (TEE) measurement in free-living conditions. However, no research has studied energy and water requirement during dinghy class sailing such as an Olympic event with concentrated training. This study aimed to investigate the TEE, physical activity level (PAL), and water turnover (rH2O) of collegiate dinghy sailors in a training camp using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. Eleven dinghy sailing collegiate athletes (9 males and 2 females) participated. The DLW method was used to determine the participants' TEE and PAL over 8 days (6 training, 2 non-training days). Participants trained approximately 7 h/day on water. Body fat was measured using a stable-isotope dilution method. The rH2O was estimated using deuterium turnover. The mean TEE, PAL, and rH2O were 17.30 ± 4.22 MJ/day (4133 ± 1009 kcal/day), 2.8 ± 0.3 (range, 2.1 to 4.1), and 3.3±0.7 (range, 2.6 to 4.5) L/day, respectively. To our knowledge, this was the first study to use the DLW method to determine TEE, PAL, and rH2O as references for competitive dinghy sailors in a spring training camp. Our results may serve as a reference to assist competitive dinghy sailors in determining their required nutritional support.

DOI： 10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0204

PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Apoptosis-associated, speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) plays an important role in inflammatory cytokine synthesis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and the expression of ASC is suppressed by increased methylation of its CpG sites. The current study investigated the longitudinal association of replacing sedentary time with light-intensity physical activity (LPA) or moderate to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) on the ASC methylation in middle-aged people. We investigated 1 238 individuals who participated in baseline and 5-year follow-up surveys of a population-based cohort study. Sedentary, LPA and MVPA time were objectively measured using accelerometers. ASC methylation in PBMCs was measured by pyrosequencing. Using a multiple linear regression and employing an isotemporal substitution model, the longitudinal associations of changes in the sedentary time, LPA and MVPA on the changes in the ASC methylation were analyzed after adjusting for potential confounders. Substituting 60 min per day of LPA for sedentary time was associated with 1.17 times (95% confidence interval 1.07, 1.27) higher ASC methylation levels (mean of 7 CpG sites, P<0.001). However, such effects were not seen for MVPA. These results suggest that substituting LPA for sedentary time may be linked with increased (favorable) ASC methylation as a potential biomarker of systemic inflammation.

DOI： 10.1055/a-0965-1374

PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

This study aimed to examine the total energy expenditure (TEE) and physical activity level (PAL) of elite open-water swimmers. Our study group included 5 world-class competitive open-water swimmers. TEE was measured using the doubly labeled water method for 1 week. The TEE was 4549 ± 1185 kcal/day. The PAL was 3.22 ± 0.46. Our results may provide a reference to optimize energy requirement support.

DOI： 10.1139/apnm-2018-0450

PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Inconsistent associations have been reported between perceived stress and C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of systemic inflammation. We previously observed a male-specific inverse relationship between perceived stress and CRP in a cross-sectional study. In the present study, we examined the longitudinal association between changes in perceived stress and CRP, and further analyzed whether changes in coping strategies and social support modify this association. This study included 8454 participants in both a baseline survey and a follow-up survey 5 years later. Psychosocial measures (i.e. perceived stress, coping strategies, and social support) and CRP concentrations were measured by identical means in both surveys. Consistent with our previous findings, increased perceived stress was significantly associated with lower CRP in men (ptrend = .037), but not in women. Increased "emotional expression," a coping strategy, was also associated with lower CRP in women (ptrend = .024). Furthermore, interactions between perceived stress and a coping strategy (positive reappraisal) or social support on CRP were found in men (pinteraction = .007 and .038, respectively); the above inverse association between stress and CRP was not detected for participants with diminished positive reappraisal or social support. In conclusion, increases in perceived stress during a 5-year period were associated with decreases in CRP among healthy men, and the observed association was possibly modified by coping strategy or social support.

DOI： 10.1080/10253890.2018.1435638

PubMed

Language：Japanese  

CiNii Books

Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I028835858

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：WILEY-BLACKWELL  

Physical activity (PA) is recommended to both promote and maintain health and prevent cancer by improving the body's DNA repair system, which is considered a mechanism of cancer prevention. However, associations between PA and urinary levels of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG), which reflects DNA damage, are unclear. This cross-sectional study included 2370 men and 4052 women aged 45-74years enrolled between 2010 and 2012. Habitual PA was assessed by single-axis accelerometer and urinary 8-OH-dG levels by automated HPLC. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between log-transformed urinary 8-OH-dG and total PA (TPA) and PA of moderate/vigorous intensity (MVPA; 3 metabolic equivalents), with adjustment for age, body mass index, energy intake, alcohol consumption, smoking status, daily coffee drinking, menopause status (in women), and TPA (for MVPA). On multivariate adjustment, urinary 8-OH-dG levels were inversely correlated with TPA (=-0.020, P&lt;0.01) in women, and this correlation was not changed by PA intensity. Conversely, urinary 8-OH-dG levels were inversely correlated with MVPA (=-0.022, P&lt;0.05) in men, although the correlation with TPA was non-significant. This inverse correlation was clearer in current smokers than in never or former smokers, although the interaction between smoking status and MVPA on urinary 8-OH-dG levels was non-significant. In conclusion, greater TPA in women and greater MVPA in men were correlated with reduction in urinary 8-OH-dG, suggesting sex-specific effects of MVPA and TPA on protection from oxidative DNA damage. Increasing PA may mediate reduction in oxidative stress.

DOI： 10.1111/cas.13070

Web of Science

PubMed

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：JAPAN EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASSOC  

Background: Non-participation in second surveys is reported to be associated with certain baseline characteristics; however, such data are unavailable for Japanese populations. Although disease incidence during follow-up might influence participation, few reports have addressed this possibility. This study sought to identify factors associated with non-participation in a second survey of a population-based cohort, and to evaluate the influence of self-reported disease incidence on non-participation.
Methods: After excluding participants who left the area (n = 423), died (n = 163), and withdrew from the study (n = 9) among 12 078 participants in a baseline survey for the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study in the Saga region between 2005 and 2007, 11 483 people were invited by mail to participate in a face-to-face second survey between 2010 and 2012. The 5-year clinical health history of non-participants was assessed by mail or telephone. Baseline characteristics and self-reported clinical outcomes of non-participants were compared with those of participants.
Results: Among 11 483 people, 8454 (73.6%) participated in the second survey, and 2608 out of 3029 non-participants answered mail or telephone health surveys. Female sex, youngest and oldest ages, lower education, lower occupational class, current smoking, lower physical activity level, shorter sleep time, obesity, and constipation were associated with non-participation. Light drinking (0.1-22.9 g ethanol/day) was associated with participation. Non-participants reported a significantly higher incidence of cancer and a significantly lower proportion of hypertension compared with participants.
Conclusions: Both baseline characteristics and disease incidence during the follow-up period had significant associations with non-participation in the face-to-face second survey.

DOI： 10.2188/jea.JE20140116

Web of Science

PubMed

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本疫学会  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：福岡大学研究推進部  

application/pdf

CiNii Books

Other Link： http://id.ndl.go.jp/bib/031979708

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本サルコペニア・フレイル学会  

J-GLOBAL

Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本健康支援学会  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Society of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine  

This study aimed to explore the association of breakfast (BF) dietary patterns with physical activity (PA) and fitness in elementary school children. This study enrolled 242 school children of 5th and 6th grade. BF dietary patterns were evaluated by questionnaires on whether the child consumes the following food categories: staple, main dish, side dish, soup, milk or dairy products, and fruit. Individual PA levels were categorized into high and low PA groups using a PA scale for children. The measured 8 assessments of physical fitness scores were converted to Z-scores normalized for sex, age and height as previously reported. High PA group had significantly higher scores in running and muscle strength as well as in the total score of physical fitness. The frequency of eating BF (with or without BF omission) and the level of PA were not significantly related in both sexes. However, in girl children, BF, including staple, main dish, side dish, and soup, was significantly more prevalent in high PA group than low PA group (55.9% vs. 32.1%; <i>χ²</i> = 5.638, p = 0.018). A similar tendency was observed in girls who had BF, including staple, main dish, and side dish (49.0% vs. 31.1%; <i>χ²</i> = 3.720, p = 0.054). No associations between dietary patterns and PA were observed in boys. The results suggested that the frequency of eating BF was not associated with PA levels, which was significantly related to physical fitness in Japanese 5th and 6th grade elementary school children. In contrast, the results indicated that a high-quality BF dietary pattern, such as a meal including staple, main dish, side dish, and soup, might be associated with a physically active girl child.

DOI： 10.7600/jspfsm.69.269

CiNii Books

Other Link： https://ndlsearch.ndl.go.jp/books/R000000004-I030474242

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(公社)日本栄養・食糧学会  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本衛生学会  

Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

Language：Japanese   Publisher：(一社)日本体力医学会  

J-GLOBAL

Language：Japanese  

J-GLOBAL

Language：Japanese   Publisher：西九州大学短期大学部  

高齢者の学習意欲と体力に着目し、平成22年度に短期大学部健康福祉生涯学習センター・エルダーカレッジを受講した高齢者のうち研究に同意した65歳以上の専攻科学生25名(男性12名、女性13名、67.3±4.8歳)を対象に、QOLと脚伸展力および骨密度の関係を検討した。各平均値はQOL得点が3.7±0.9pt、片足脚伸展力が58.8±6.2kg、骨密度が109.9±11.2%であった。QOL得点と骨密度において男女間に有意差が認められなかったが、脚伸展力のみ男女間に有意差が認められた。QOL得点と脚伸展力間およびQOL得点と骨密度間において有意な相関が認められた。全体のQOL得点および脚伸展力については同年代の平均値と比較して非常に高値を示した。

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：岩手県盛岡市  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：松山大学  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：兵庫医療大学  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：福岡大学  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：岐阜県岐阜市 長良川国際会議場・岐阜都ホテル  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Venue：福岡大学  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：宮崎県宮崎市 宮崎公立大学  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：松山大学  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Language：English   Presentation type：Poster presentation  

Language：English   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：鹿児島大学医学部・鶴陵会館