担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3177/jnsv.68.540

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

PURPOSE: Gargling with tea has protective effects against influenza infection and upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). To evaluate if tea and tea catechin consumption has the same protective effects as gargling with tea, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: We performed a comprehensive literature search using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Ichu-shi Web databases. The search provided six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and four prospective cohort studies (n = 3748). The quality of each trial or study was evaluated according to the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool or Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. We collected data from publications meeting the search criteria and conducted a meta-analysis of the effect of tea gargling and tea catechin consumption for preventing URTI using a random effects model. RESULTS: Tea gargling and tea catechin consumption had significant preventive effects against URTI (risk ratio [RR] = 0.74, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.64-0.87). In sub-analyses, a significant preventive effect was observed by study type (prospective cohort study: RR = 0.67, 95% CI 0.50-0.91; RCT: RR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.66-0.94) and disease type (influenza: RR = 0.69, 95% CI 0.58-0.84; acute URTI: RR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.62-0.98). Both gargling with tea and consuming tea catechins effectively protected against URTI (tea and tea catechins consumption: RR = 0.68, 95% CI 0.52-0.87; tea gargling: RR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.72-0.96). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that tea gargling and tea catechin consumption may have preventive effects against influenza infection and URTI. The potential effectiveness of these actions as non-pharmaceutical interventions, however, requires further investigation.

DOI： 10.1007/s00394-021-02681-2

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3390/nu13093024

PubMed

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Numbers of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have increased rapidly worldwide. Plasma levels of full-length galectin-9 (FL-Gal9) and osteopontin (FL-OPN) as well as their truncated forms (Tr-Gal9, Ud-OPN, respectively), are representative inflammatory biomarkers. Here, we measured FL-Gal9, FL-OPN, Tr-Gal9, and Ud-OPN in 94 plasma samples obtained from 23 COVID-19-infected patients with mild clinical symptoms (CV), 25 COVID-19 patients associated with pneumonia (CP), and 14 patients with bacterial infection (ID). The four proteins were significantly elevated in the CP group when compared with healthy individuals. ROC analysis between the CV and CP groups showed that C-reactive protein had the highest ability to differen-tiate, followed by Tr-Gal9 and ferritin. Spearman’s correlation analysis showed that Tr-Gal9 and Ud-OPN but not FL-Gal9 and FL-OPN, had a significant association with laboratory markers for lung function, inflammation, coagulopathy, and kidney function in CP patients. CP patients treated with tocilizumab had reduced levels of FL-Gal9, Tr-Gal9, and Ud-OPN. It was suggested that OPN is cleaved by interleukin-6-dependent proteases. These findings suggest that the cleaved forms of OPN and galectin-9 can be used to monitor the severity of pathological inflammation and the therapeutic effects of tocilizumab in CP patients.

DOI： 10.3390/ijms22094978

Scopus

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本臨床薬理学会  

J-GLOBAL

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.37290/ctnr2641-452X.19:383-387

Web of Science

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

AIM: To investigate whether the addition of a nurse-led cognitive behavioral group therapy for recovery of self-esteem (CBGTRS) program to usual care for individuals with mental disorders can improve clinical outcomes and reduce direct medical costs. METHODS: This study employed single-group pre-post design, and recruited 51 community-dwelling individuals with mental disorders. Participants received 12 weekly CBGTRS sessions by a nurse in addition to usual care. The primary outcome measure was the level of self-esteem, with other clinical outcomes and direct medical costs. The clinical outcomes were measured at pre-intervention (T0), intervention midpoint (T1), immediate post-intervention (T2), and 3 months post-intervention (T3). Direct medical costs were calculated for 3 months pre-intervention (A0), 3 months post-intervention (A1), between 4-6 months post-intervention (A2), and between 7-9 months post-intervention (A3). RESULTS: Self-esteem scores were significantly improved from T0 to T2 and T3 (p = .009 and .006, respectively); within-group effect sizes were .49 (small) for T0-T2, and .51 (medium) for T0-T3. Other secondary clinical outcomes for mood, cognitive bias, global functioning, and quality of life were also improved by T3 (all p < .05). The mean total direct medical costs were significantly reduced from A0 (49,569.51 JPY) to A2 and A3 (21,845.76 JPY and 25,981.69 JPY, respectively) (p = .003 and .017, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that nurse-led CBGTRS for mental disorders is a potentially effective approach in improving self-esteem and other clinical outcomes, and in reducing direct medical costs. Further controlled studies that address the limitations of this study are required.

DOI： 10.1111/jjns.12371

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)講談社エディトリアル  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) complicated with tuberculosis (TB) is a global public issue. Due to the paucity of bacteria in AIDS/TB, blood-based biomarkers that reflect disease severity are desired. Plasma levels of matricellular proteins, such as osteopontin (OPN) and galectin-9 (Gal-9), are known to be elevated in AIDS and TB. Therefore, full-length (FL)-Gal9 and FL-OPN, and their truncated forms (Tr-Gal9, Ud-OPN), and 38 cytokines/chemokines were measured in the plasma of 24 AIDS (other than TB), 49 TB, and 33 AIDS/TB patients. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was used to screen molecules that could distinguish either between disease and normal group, among each disease group, or between deceased patients and survivors. Selected molecules were further analyzed for significant differences. Tr-Gal9 had the highest ability to differentiate TB from AIDS or AIDS/TB, while Ud-OPN distinguished multidrug resistance (MDR)-TB from non-MDR TB, and extra-pulmonary TB from pulmonary TB. Molecules significantly elevated in deceased patients included; FL-Gal9, Tr-Gal9, interleukin (IL)-1 receptor antagonist, IL-17A and transforming growth factor-α in AIDS; IL-6, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in TB; and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β in AIDS/TB. From the sensitivity, specificity, and significant elevation, Tr-Gal9 is the best biomarker of inflammation and severity in AIDS and AIDS/TB.

DOI： 10.3390/biom10111495

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The young leaves of green tea become lighter in color than usual when protected from sunlight by a shading net for about two weeks while growing. These leaves are called "shaded white leaf tea" or SWLT. In the eluate of SWLT, the amount of amino acids (361 mg/L) was significantly higher than that in regular tea (53.5 mg/L). Since theanine and arginine, the first and second most abundant amino acids in SWLT, have significant antistress effects, we examined the antistress effect of SWLT on humans. SWLT or placebo green tea (3 g) was eluted with room-temperature water (500 mL). Participants consumed the tea for one week prior to pharmacy practice and continued for 10 days in the practice period. The state-trait anxiety inventory, an anxiety questionnaire, tended to be scored lower in the SWLT group than the placebo, but other stress markers showed no differences. The effect of the difference in SWLT components examined with mice showed that aspartic acid and asparagine, which are abundant in SWLT, counteracted the antistress effects of theanine and arginine. Large amounts of caffeine also interfered with SWLT's antistress effect. Thus, SWLT, which is high in caffeine and amino acids, suppressed depressant behavior in mice.

DOI： 10.3390/molecules25153550

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier BV  

INTRODUCTION: We performed a systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis to clarify the relative efficacy and safety of pimavanserin compared to atypical antipsychotics for psychosis in Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Japana Centra Revuo Medicina Web were searched for relevant articles until October 31, 2019. Eligible randomized controlled trials were synthesized for efficacy (Brief Psychiatry Rating Scale [BPRS] and Clinical Global Impression Scale [CGI-S]) and safety (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale part III [UPDRS-III] and dropouts due to adverse events). The mean differences (BPRS, CGI-S, and UPDRS-III) or odds ratios (dropouts due to adverse events) between each active drug and placebo were estimated and summarized as means and 95% credible intervals, respectively. RESULTS: We identified 17 relevant trials. Clozapine showed significant efficacy (BPRS, -5.6 [-8.4 to -2.7] and CGI-S, -1.2 [-1.7 to -0.7]), with low impact on motor functions (UPDRS-III, -1.1 [-3.8 to 1.5]), but an increase in dropouts due to adverse events (2.9 [0.9 to 9.6]) as compared to placebo. Pimavanserin also showed significant efficacy (CGI-S, -0.5 [-0.9 to -0.2]) and similar impact on motor functions (UPDRS-III, 0.2 [-1.4 to 1.9]), but a tendency of increase in dropouts due to adverse events (2.2 [0.5 to 12.4]) as compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS: Clozapine showed an efficacy with low impact on motor functions that was consistent with previous reports. Although the efficacy of pimavanserin may be inferior to that of clozapine, it had a favorable profile for the treatment of psychosis in PD.

DOI： 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2020.07.021

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Elsevier BV  

Evidence shows that atypical antipsychotics (AAPs), a treatment of psychosis in Parkinson's disease (PD), are associated with factors reflecting the severity of the disease. Therefore, we evaluated the applicability of these factors in risk stratification for physical morbidity in PD patients requiring AAPs. We implemented a nested case-control analysis using administrative claims data derived from PD inpatients in 143 National Hospitals in Japan between April 2012 and March 2017. The analysis compared PD patients exposed to AAPs with unexposed matched controls using conditional logistic regression. The cases were then stratified by the weighted score using the partial regression coefficients of extracted factors or the number of factors that they had. Physical morbidity was evaluated using length of stay (LOS) and readmission. After comparing the cases (n = 829) with the matched controls (n = 3316), 10 factors were extracted. The cases were stratified into four level groups using the weighted score, or five level groups using the number of factors. LOS was prolonged with increasing score (49.7; 58.5; 72.7; and 83.3 days) and number of factors (52.1; 52.9; 63.9; 80.7; and 79.1 days). Readmission within 30 days increased along with increasing score (5.7; 10.2; 10.2 and 12.9%) and number of factors (5.9; 9.3; 8.9; 11.3; and 14.3%). We confirmed two stratification manners for physical morbidity in PD patients requiring AAPs. These manners would be useful for considering management plan for these patients.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jocn.2020.04.009

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Catechins, phytochemicals contained mainly in green tea, exhibit antiviral activity against various acute infectious diseases experimentally. Clinical evidence supporting these effects, however, is not conclusive. We performed a placebo-controlled, single-blind, randomized control trial to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of consumption of catechins-containing beverage for preventing acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs). Two hundred and seventy healthcare workers were randomly allocated to high-catechin (three daily doses of 57 mg catechins and 100 mg xanthan gum), low-catechin (one daily dose of 57 mg catechins and 100 mg xanthan gum), or placebo (0 mg catechins and 100 mg xanthan gum) group. Subjects consumed a beverage with or without catechins for 12 weeks from December 2017 through February 2018. The primary endpoint was incidence of URTIs compared among groups using a time-to-event analysis. A total of 255 subjects were analyzed (placebo group n = 86, low-catechin group n = 85, high catechin group n = 84). The URTI incidence rate was 26.7% in the placebo group, 28.2% in the low-catechin group, and 13.1% in the high-catechin group (log rank test, p= 0.042). The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval (CI)) with reference to the placebo group was 1.09 (0.61-1.92) in the low-catechin group and 0.46 (0.23-0.95) in the high-catechin group. These findings suggest that catechins combined with xanthan gum protect against URTIs.

DOI： 10.3390/nu12010004

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This retrospective cohort study was performed to investigate the association between risperidone and deteriorating performance in walking and dressing in subjects with Parkinson's disease using the Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination data. These data include inpatient claims including information from the time of admission to discharge from 89 acute phase National Hospitals in Japan. The data were evaluated by implementing the inverse probability of treatment weighting, using propensity scores estimated from the clinical characteristics of subjects prescribed risperidone or quetiapine. The generalized estimation equation was used to estimate the adjusted risk ratios (aRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). In total, 304 subjects were eligible for participation, and were hospitalized between April 2012 and March 2017 (108 and 196 for risperidone and quetiapine groups, respectively). The performance of walking deteriorated at discharge, with 22.2% and 10.2% recorded at admission for the risperidone and quetiapine groups (aRR, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.9 to 3.4), respectively. The performance of dressing also deteriorated: 24.1% and 10.7% in the risperidone and quetiapine groups (aRR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.04 to 3.7), respectively. These results suggest an association between risperidone and deteriorating performance in dressing in subjects with Parkinson's disease in comparison with quetiapine.

DOI： 10.1097/YIC.0000000000000274

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本臨床薬理学会  

<p>The present study investigated the effect of tea catechins on the immune function in elderly subjects using a catechin-rich beverage. Twenty Japanese individuals aged over 65 years participated in the study after written informed consent was obtained. The present single-arm pilot study was conducted for an intervention period of two weeks, after one week of abstinence from consuming tea/catechin-rich products. Participants consumed one bottle of the catechin-rich beverage (total catechins, 540 mg in 350 mL) every morning. The participants' immune function including the change in natural killer (NK) cell activity (％) from before to after intervention were evaluated. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was calculated to investigate the correlation between NK cell activity before intervention and change in NK cell activity. The study participants appropriately consumed the catechin-rich beverage every day without any adverse event. The mean NK cell activity at baseline was 41.7 (standard deviation, 23.1). After the intervention, NK cell activity increased in 17 participants (85.0％), and the estimated mean of the differences indicated a statistically significant increase (17.1; 95％ confidence interval, 9.7 to 24.5). No significant changes in C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels were observed. Moreover, pre-intervention NK cell activity correlated significantly with the ratio of post- to pre-intervention NK activity (r＝−0.63). Although further studies using a parallel-group and comparative design are required to clarify the effect of tea catechins on the immune function, our results suggest that catechin consumption may enhance or maintain NK cell activity in the elderly.</p>

DOI： 10.3999/jscpt.50.139

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The stress-reducing effect of matcha, a high-quality fine-powdered green tea, has recently been clarified by animal experiments and clinical trials. However, the effect of matcha added to confectioneries is not clear. One aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between matcha components and their stress-reducing effect in mice that were loaded with territorially-based stress. Adrenal hypertrophy, a marker of stress, was significantly suppressed in stress-loaded mice that had ingested matcha components, displaying a caffeine and epigallocatechin gallate to theanine and arginine (CE/TA) ratio of 2 or less. Another aim was to evaluate, in humans, the stress-reducing effect of matcha in cookies using test-matcha (CE/TA = 1.79) or placebo-matcha (CE/TA = 10.64). Participants, who were fifth year pharmacy college students, consumed 4.5 g of matcha in three pieces of cookie daily for 15 days. Salivary α-amylase activity, a stress marker, was significantly lower in the test-matcha group than in the placebo group. These results indicate that the CE/TA ratio of tea components is a key indicator for the suppression of stress. Moreover, matcha with a CE/TA ratio of 2 or less displays a stress-reducing effect, even if it is included in confectionery products. Such products may also benefit individuals who have no habit of drinking matcha as a beverage.

DOI： 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01653

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

WHAT IS KNOWN AND OBJECTIVE: Acute kidney injury (AKI) often occurs in hospitalized patients, and it is an increasing problem worldwide. Recently, clinical studies have shown that there is a strong association between drug-induced AKI and poor outcomes, including the progression of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease; however, limited data are available on drug-induced AKI. The purpose of this study was to clarify the rank-order of the association of all drugs with AKI using a spontaneous reporting system database. METHODS: We performed a retrospective pharmacovigilance disproportionality analysis using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database. Adverse event reports submitted to Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency between April 2004 and January 2017 were analysed. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Based on 5 195 890 reports of all adverse events, we obtained 12 964 reports of AKI caused by all drugs and calculated the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for AKI. The most frequently reported drugs were valaciclovir hydrochloride (ROR, 24.88; 95% CI: 23.1-26.8), eldecalcitol (ROR, 14.23; 95% CI, 11.68-17.33), edaravone (ROR, 14.03; 95% CI, 11.76-16.75), acyclovir (ROR, 11.17; 95% CI, 9.55-13.1), piperacillin-tazobactam (ROR, 9.23; 95% CI, 7.72-11.0), and spironolactone (ROR, 7.36; 95% CI, 6.12-8.86). WHAT IS NEW AND CONCLUSION: A comprehensive study using a pharmacovigilance database enabled us to identify the drugs that most frequently induce AKI, raising physicians' awareness of the drugs in use for patients with potentially decreased renal function.

DOI： 10.1111/jcpt.12748

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本臨床薬理学会  

東京都において長期集積されデータベース化された、健康食品の摂取に伴う健康被害事例情報を解析することにより、健康被害の発現傾向の実態について検討した。2006年度から2016年度にかけて収集された健康食品の摂取との関連が疑われる健康被害事例集積データベースの報告事例全351件のうち、260件を解析対象とした。健康被害として報告された症状としては、複数回答を含む398件中、最も多かったのは消化器症状108件であった。予想される関連性(発症メカニズム)としては、データベースに記載のあった210件中、アレルギー84件、有害成分含有32件、過剰摂取25件、薬との相互作用17件、健康食品過信による治療の中断2件であった。情報発信者別の比較では、健康被害報告人数は医師が153件、薬剤師が107件であった。重篤度の判定に関して、その他・不明を除くと医師の判定ではグレード3・重度が、それに対し薬剤師の判定ではグレード1・軽度が最も多くみられた。

J-GLOBAL

その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2019&ichushi_jid=J01568&link_issn=&doc_id=20191011230002&doc_link_id=10.3999%2Fjscpt.50.213&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3999%2Fjscpt.50.213&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_2.gif

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本臨床薬理学会  

【目的】緑茶の主要な遊離アミノ酸であるL-テアニンが、抗ストレス作用を示すことが動物実験ならびに臨床試験で報告されている。また、テアニンに次いで緑茶に多く含まれるアルギニンとの併用摂取によって、テアニンの抗ストレス作用が増強する可能性が動物実験で示されている。しかし、ヒトに対するテアニン・アルギニン併用時の影響については明らかにされていない。そこで本研究では、ヒトにおけるテアニン及びアルギニン併用摂取のストレスへの影響を、単盲検ランダム化比較試験により検討した。

【方法】静岡県立大学の健康成人120名(平均年齢22.4歳、女性62.5％)を対象とし、十分なインフォームドコンセントによる文書同意を得た後、テアニン・アルギニン併用群（テアニン100 mg・アルギニン50 mg摂取）、テアニン単独群（テアニン100 mg摂取）、プラセボ群の3群にランダムに割り付けた。対象者へのストレス負荷として内田クレペリン精神検査法を、ストレス指標として唾液中アミラーゼ活性（salivary amylase activity: sAA）を採用した。sAAをストレス負荷前、直後、5、15、30分後に測定し、sAAの経時変化やストレス負荷前後のsAAの変化量を3群間で比較した。なお本研究は、静岡県立大学研究倫理審査委員会の承認を得て実施した。

【結果・考察】ストレス負荷前から、負荷15分後におけるsAA変化量の平均値(標準偏差)は、テアニン・アルギニン併用群で-2.75(11.2)KIU/L、テアニン単独群で-0.40(11.5)KIU/L、プラセボ群で6.95(18.6)KIU/Lであり、テアニン・アルギニン併用群とプラセボ群間(p=0.0053)およびテアニン単独群とプラセボ群間(p=0.0413)で統計学的有意差が認められた。以上のことから、テアニンとアルギニンの併用摂取は、ヒトにおいても短時間の抗ストレス作用があることが示唆された。テアニン・アルギニン併用群とテアニン単独群間でsAA変化量の統計学的有意差は認められなかったが、テアニン・アルギニン併用摂取時にsAA減少量が大きくなる傾向がみられた。

【結論】テアニン単独摂取時と比較して、テアニン・アルギニンの併用摂取により抗ストレス作用が増強する可能性が示唆された。しかし本研究の被検者は20代を中心としているため、結果の一般化には幅広い年齢層を対象とした大規模臨床試験によって検討する必要がある。

DOI： 10.50993/jsptsuppl.42.0_3-p-u-3

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本臨床薬理学会  

J-GLOBAL

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

J-GLOBAL

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本臨床薬理学会  

J-GLOBAL

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本薬学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本小児呼吸器学会  

J-GLOBAL

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本臨床薬理学会  

DOI： 10.3999/jscpt.50.275

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本臨床薬理学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本抗加齢医学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本栄養・食糧学会  

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本臨床薬理学会  

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