Authorship：Last author   Language：Japanese   Publisher：BMC Health Services Research  

Background: The role of public health nurses (PHNs) in the community is expected to become increasingly important, along with the promotion of a comprehensive community care system. However, a comprehensive study of all municipalities is yet to be undertaken, and the relationship between the workforce of PHNs and health indicators is yet to be clarified. This study examined the effect of workforce change among PHNs, one of the structural indicators of PHNs’ activities regarding changes in the empirical Bayes estimate of standardized mortality ratios (EBSMRs). Methods: An ecological study was conducted using municipality-level aggregate data. The data used were publicly available Japanese government statistics. The first-difference model of panel data analysis was used to examine the relationship between changes in EBSMR and changes in the number of PHNs per 100,000 population from 2010 to 2015, adjusting for the effects of population and other healthcare resources, including the number of physicians, medical clinics, general hospitals, and welfare facilities. The variation by the 47 prefectures was added to the linear model as a random effect. We also performed a sensitivity analysis using the full Bayesian inference using the Besag-York-Mollie model. Results: For males, EBSMRs for all causes and malignant neoplasms significantly decreased with an increase in the number of PHNs per population (coefficients: -1.00 and -0.89, p values: 0.008 and 0.043, respectively). For females, although all EBSMRs except malignant neoplasms showed decreased tendencies due to the increase in the number of PHNs per population, none of them were significant. The full Bayesian inference confirmed these associations. Conclusions: An increase in the number of PHNs per population was significantly associated with a greater reduction in deaths from all causes and malignant neoplasms in males. The results of the full Bayesian inference also suggest that the workforce of PHNs may be related to changes in standardized mortality ratios for deaths from all causes in females.

DOI： 10.1186/s12913-023-09273-2

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：International Journal of Cancer  

The association between kidney function and cancer incidence is inconsistent among previous reports, and data on the Japanese population are lacking. It is unknown whether kidney function modifies the cancer risk of other factors. We aimed to evaluate the association of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) with cancer incidence and mortality in 55 242 participants (median age, 57 years; 55% women) from the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. We also investigated differences in cancer risk factors between individuals with and without kidney dysfunction. During a median 9.3-year follow-up period, 4278 (7.7%) subjects developed cancer. Moderately low and high eGFRs were associated with higher cancer incidence; compared with eGFR of 60-74 ml/min/1.73 m2, the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for eGFRs of ≥90, 75-89, 45-59, 30-44 and 10-29 ml/min/1.73 m2 were 1.18 (1.07-1.29), 1.09 (1.01-1.17), 0.93 (0.83-1.04), 1.36 (1.00-1.84) and 1.12 (0.55-2.26), respectively. High eGFR was associated with higher cancer mortality, while low eGFR was not; the adjusted subdistribution HRs (95% CIs) for eGFRs of ≥90 and 75-89 ml/min/1.73 m2 were 1.58 (1.29-1.94) and 1.27 (1.08-1.50), respectively. Subgroup analyses of participants with eGFRs ≥60 and <60 ml/min/1.73 m2 revealed elevated cancer risks of smoking and family history of cancer in those with eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73 m2, with significant interactions. Our findings suggest that the relationship between eGFR and cancer incidence was U-shaped. Only high eGFR was associated with cancer mortality. Kidney dysfunction enhanced cancer risk from smoking.

DOI： 10.1002/ijc.34554

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Anticancer Research  

Background/Aim: Transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) remains a challenging technique for rectal dissection. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and oncological outcomes of TaTME, compared to those of the laparoscopic TME (LaTME) in rectal cancer. Patients and Methods: Using propensity score-matched analyses, we analyzed retrospective data from 134 consecutive patients with rectal cancer who underwent TaTME or LaTME from January 2011 to June 2020 in our hospital. Clinical and oncological outcomes were evaluated. The primary endpoint was the 2-year local recurrence rate. Results: Before data analysis, significant group-dependent differences were observed only in the tumor height (p<0.01). After analysis, preoperative patient demographics were similar between the TaTME and LaTME groups. The operative time was significantly shorter in the TaTME group (p=0.02), and the rates of hand-sewn anastomosis and protective loop ileostomy were significantly higher (p<0.01). The TaTME group showed a null conversion to open surgery compared to the LaTME group (5.9%). The postoperative complications, including anastomotic leak, were comparable between the two groups. However, the rate of Clavien-Dindo grade III tended to be lower in the TaTME group (p=0.07). There were no statistically significant differences in terms of pathological findings, and the 2-year local recurrence rate was similar between the two groups (both 5.9%). Conclusion: TaTME based on embryology along the fascia is feasible and seems a safe alternative to LaTME in selected patients with rectal cancer when considering the conversion rate and the operative time.

DOI： 10.21873/anticanres.16539

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Journal of Nutrition  

Background: Previous cohort studies have yielded contradictory findings regarding the associations of dietary carbohydrate and fat intakes with risks of mortality. Objectives: We examined long-term associations of carbohydrate and fat intakes with mortality. Methods: In this cohort study, 34,893 men and 46,440 women aged 35–69 y (mean body mass index of 23.7 and 22.2 kg/m2, respectively) were followed up from the baseline survey (2004–2014) to the end of 2017 or 2018. Intakes of carbohydrate, fat, and total energy were estimated using a food frequency questionnaire. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for all-cause and cause-specific mortality according to percentage of energy intakes of carbohydrate and fat. Results: During a mean 8.9-y follow-up, we identified 2783 deaths (1838 men and 945 women). Compared with men who consumed 50% to <55% of energy from carbohydrate, those who consumed <40% carbohydrate energy experienced a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality (the multivariable-adjusted HR: 1.59; 95% CI: 1.19–2.12; P-trend = 0.002). Among women with 5 y or longer of follow-up, women with high-carbohydrate intake recorded a higher risk of all-cause mortality; the multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) was 1.71 (0.93–3.13) for ≥65% of energy from carbohydrate compared with that for 50% to <55% (P-trend = 0.005). Men with high fat intake had a higher risk of cancer-related mortality; the multivariable-adjusted HR (95% CI) for ≥35% was 1.79 (1.11–2.90) compared with that for 20% to <25%. Fat intake was marginally inversely associated with risk of all-cause and cancer-related mortality in women (P-trend = 0.054 and 0.058, respectively). Conclusions: An unfavorable association with mortality is observed for low-carbohydrate intake in men and for high-carbohydrate intake in women. High fat intake can be associated with a lower mortality risk in women among Japanese adults with a relatively high-carbohydrate intake.

DOI： 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.05.027

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Language：English   Publisher：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Health Promotion International  

We quantitatively analysed the relationship of health literacy with both anxiety about the COVID-19 outbreak and free-Text qualitative data. A questionnaire was mailed to 5450 citizens aged 16-89 years in four prefectures between late April and May 2020. It gauged the level of anxiety about COVID-19, assessed health literacy (HL) on both critical and communicative HL subscales, and invited free-Text responses. We compared anxiety levels in three groups of both HL subscales. Text-mining analyses were also conducted among the three HL groups. Two-Thirds of respondents reported anxiety about COVID-19, and 42% of them also reported fear. The level of communicative HL was negatively associated with no or low anxiety (p < 0.01), and the same association was observed for critical HL (p < 0.01). Free-Text analysis identified 11 categories related to concerns about COVID-19: response of the national government, appreciation of health care practitioners, early convergence, vaccine development, fear of infection, invisible, a school for children, everyday life, information-related issue, novel coronavirus and self-quarantine. Words that were characteristic of the high-HL group were 'information', 'going out', 'vaccines' and 'government'. This survey reveals high public anxiety under COVID-19, and while anxiety is associated with HL levels, people with higher HL may make more prudent and healthier decisions. In situations of uncertainty, different approaches to alleviate anxiety depending on HL are warranted, providing new insights and contributing to public health measures during the outbreaks.

DOI： 10.1093/heapro/daac200

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Language：English   Publisher：シュプリンガー・ジャパン(株)  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases  

Background and aims: To date, the relationship between coffee consumption and metabolic phenotypes has hardly been investigated and remains controversial. Therefore, the aim of this cross-sectional study is to examine the associations between coffee consumption and metabolic phenotypes in a Japanese population. Methods and results: We analyzed the data of 26,363 subjects (aged 35–69 years) in the baseline survey of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. Coffee consumption was assessed using a questionnaire. Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) was defined according to the Joint Interim Statement Criteria of 2009, using body mass index (BMI) instead of waist circumference. Subjects stratified by the presence or absence of obesity (normal weight: BMI <25 kg/m2; obesity: BMI ≥25 kg/m2) were classified by the number of MetS components (metabolically healthy: no components; metabolically unhealthy: one or more components) other than BMI. In multiple logistic regression analyses adjusted for sex, age, and other potential confounders, high coffee consumption (≥3 cups/day) was associated with a lower prevalence of MetS and metabolically unhealthy phenotypes both in normal weight (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.76–0.90) and obese subjects (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.69–0.99). Filtered/instant coffee consumption was inversely associated with the prevalence of MetS and metabolically unhealthy phenotypes, whereas canned/bottled/packed coffee consumption was not. Conclusion: The present results suggest that high coffee consumption, particularly filtered/instant coffee, is inversely associated with the prevalence of metabolically unhealthy phenotypes in both normal weight and obese Japanese adults.

DOI： 10.1016/j.numecd.2022.12.019

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Language：English   Publisher：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

日本人男性の溶接工と非溶接工にみられるマンガン(Mn)曝露と神経機能との関連を検討した。同一の工場に勤務する溶接工94名(平均41.1歳)と非溶接工95名(平均40.2歳)を対象に血液サンプルと尿サンプルを採取してMn濃度を測定し、神経機能との関係を評価した。また、溶接工のみ個人サンプラーを用いて呼吸大気領域の採取を行った。尿中カドミウム(Cd)、血中Mn、尿中Mn、尿中クロム(Cr)、血中鉛(Pb)はいずれも溶接工の方が非溶接工より高く、各金属濃度が検出限界値未満であった被験者比率は血中Cdが89%、尿中Cdが58%、血中ニッケル(Ni)が79%などであった。多変量ロジスティック回帰分析では、握力、指タッピングと血中Mnとの間に有意な関係はみられなかったが、血中Mn高値群では作業記憶指数(WMI)低値のオッズ比が有意に高く、特に溶接工でこの関連が顕著であった。尿中Cr、血中PbとWMIスコアとの間に有意な関連はなかった。個人サンプラーを用いた検討では、血中Mnが高値であった溶接工において呼吸性粉塵とマンガン濃度が高値を示していた。

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society for Occupational Health  

<p><b>Objectives</b>: The mask fit test confirms whether the wearing condition of the wearer's face and the facepiece of the respirators are used appropriately. This study aimed to examine whether the results of the mask fit test affect the association between the concentration of metals related to welding fumes in biological samples and the results of time-weighted average (TWA) personal exposures.</p><p><b>Methods</b>: A total of 94 male welders were recruited. Blood and urine samples were obtained from all participants to measure the metal exposure levels. Using personal exposure measurements, the 8-h TWA (8 h-TWA) of respirable dust, TWA of respirable Mn, and 8-h TWA of respirable Mn were calculated. The mask fit test was performed using the quantitative method specified in the Japanese Industrial Standard T8150:2021.</p><p><b>Results</b>: Fifty-four participants (57%) passed the mask fit test. Only in the Fail group of the mask fit test, it was observed that blood Mn concentrations be positively associated with the results of TWA personal exposure after adjusting for multivariate factors (8-h TWA of respirable dust; coefficient, 0.066; standard error (SE), 0.028; <i>P</i> = 0.018, TWA of respirable Mn: coefficient, 0.048; SE, 0.020; <i>P</i> = 0.019, 8 h-TWA of respirable Mn: coefficient, 0.041; SE, 0.020; <i>P</i> = 0.041).</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>: The results clarify that welders with high concentrations of welding fumes in their breathing air zone are exposed to dust and Mn if there is leaking air owing to the lack of fitness between respirators and the wearer's face when using human samples in Japan.</p>

DOI： 10.1002/1348-9585.12399

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Japan Society for Occupational Health  

<p><b>Objectives</b>: There are some studies reporting the association between (manganese [Mn]) exposure to welding fume and neurological dysfunction. This study examined the relationship between Mn exposure and neurological behavior in Japanese male welders and non-welders using biological samples, which to date has not been assessed in Japan.</p><p><b>Methods</b>: A total of 94 male welders and 95 male non-welders who worked in the same factories were recruited. The blood and urine samples were obtained from all the participants to measure Mn exposure levels. Neurological function tests were also conducted with all participants. The sampling of the breathing air zone using a personal sampler was measured for welders only.</p><p><b>Results</b>: The odds ratios (ORs) for the Working Memory Index (WMI) scores were significantly higher among all participants in the low blood Mn concentration group than those in the high blood Mn concentration group (OR, 2.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24, 6.19; <i>P</i> = .013). The association of WMI scores and blood Mn levels in welders had the highest OR (OR, 3.73; 95% CI, 1.04, 13.38; <i>P</i> = .043). Although not statistically significant, a mild relationship between WMI scores and blood Mn levels was observed in non-welders (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 0.63, 6.94; <i>P</i> = .227).</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>: The results revealed a significant positive relationship between blood Mn and neurological dysfunction in welders. Furthermore, non-welders at the same factories may be secondarily exposed to welding fumes. Further research is needed to clarify this possibility.</p>

DOI： 10.1002/1348-9585.12393

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Diabetology International  

Aims: Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels are widely employed to diagnose diabetes. However, estimates of the heritability of HbA1c and glucose levels are different. Therefore, we explored HbA1c- and blood glucose-associated loci in a non-diabetic Japanese population. Methods: We conducted a two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) on variants associated with HbA1c and blood glucose levels in a Japanese population. In the initial stage, data of 4911 participants of the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort (J-MICC) were subjected to discovery analysis. In the second stage, two datasets from the Tohoku Medical Megabank project, with 8175 and 40,519 participants, were used for the replication study. Association of the imputed variants with HbA1c and blood glucose levels was determined via linear regression analyses adjusted for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and genetic principal components (PC1–PC10). Moreover, we performed a BMI-stratified GWAS on HbA1c levels in the J-MICC. The discovery analysis and BMI-stratified GWAS results were validated with re-analyses of normalized HbA1c levels adjusted for site in addition to the above, and blood glucose adjusted for fasting time as an additional covariate. Results: Genetic variants associated with HbA1c levels were identified in KCNQ1 and TMC6. None of the genetic variants associated with blood glucose levels in the discovery analysis were replicated. Association of rs2299620 in KCNQ1 with HbA1c levels showed heterogeneity between individuals with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 and BMI < 25 kg/m2. Conclusions: The variant rs2299620 in KCNQ1 might affect HbA1c levels differentially based on BMI grouping in the Japanese population.

DOI： 10.1007/s13340-023-00618-0

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Language：English   Publisher：Japan Atherosclerosis Society  

<p><b>Aims: </b>The association between dietary patterns and serum low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol would be changing in recent dietary habits in Japan. We investigated the relationship between dietary patterns and serum LDL cholesterol in a large general population.<b> </b></p><p><b>Methods: </b>From the baseline survey of Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study between 2005 and 2013, 27,237 participants (13,994 were women) aged 35-69 years were cross-sectionally analyzed. Using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, five major sex-specific dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis. We assessed serum LDL cholesterol by quintiles of dietary pattern factor score.<b> </b></p><p><b>Results: </b>We identified dietary patterns; “vegetable rich pattern” , “meat and fried food rich pattern” and “high bread and low rice pattern” in women and men; “fish and shellfish rich pattern” and “high confectioneries and low alcohol pattern” in men; “healthy Japanese diet pattern” and “high alcohol and low rice pattern” in women. Serum LDL cholesterol in men was associated with “high bread and low rice pattern” score (Q5 was 4.2 mg/dL higher than Q1, <i>p</i> for trend ＜0.001) and “high confectioneries and low alcohol pattern” scores (Q5 was 9.5 mg/dL higher than Q1, <i>p</i> for trend ＜0.001). In women, serum LDL cholesterol was associated with “high bread and low rice pattern” score (Q5 was 7.1 mg/dL higher than Q1, <i>p</i> for trend ＜0.001).</p><p><b>Conclusion:</b> Some recent dietary patterns in Japan were associated with serum LDL cholesterol. Serum LDL cholesterol was associated with high bread and low rice pattern in both sex, and high confectioneries and low alcohol pattern in men.</p>

DOI： 10.5551/jat.63675

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Sleep Medicine  

Objective: Findings on the increased mortality risk in individuals with insomnia are inconsistent across studies. Rather than improving insomnia by sleep control, hypnotic use may be one factor in the increased risk of death; however, the effects of hypnotics on mortality remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the association between all-cause mortality and hypnotic use in a large sample, while adjusting for the effects of comorbidities. Methods: Overall, 92,527 individuals aged 35–69 years were followed up for mortality in the Japan Multi-Institutional Collaborative Cohort Study. Regular use of hypnotics was assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Since cancer history carries a substantial risk of death and is associated with the treatment of insomnia with hypnotics, participants with a cancer history were excluded. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for all-cause mortality related to hypnotic use were estimated using a Cox proportional hazard model with adjustments for covariates including sleeping hours and comorbidities (body mass index, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and diabetes). Results: During the follow-up (mean, 8.4 ± 2.5 years), 1,492 mortalities were recorded, and the prevalence of taking hypnotics was 4.2%. Hypnotic use was associated with significantly greater risk of all-cause mortality, even after adjustment for the covariates (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.07–1.63). The association between hypnotic use and all-cause mortality was robust in males (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.15–1.96), and participants aged <60 years (HR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.21–2.54). Conclusions: Our study revealed sex-age specific associations between hypnotic use and all-cause mortality.

DOI： 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.09.020

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：(NPO)日本小児禁煙研究会  

子どもと同居している20代から40代の成人について、喫煙状況と感染症に対する予防行動との関連について検討した。2020年4月24日～5月8日の間に東京都、愛知県、福島県、鹿児島県に在住する16歳から89歳までの一般市民5450人を対象に、「新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)に関する一般市民の意識や行動変容に関する調査」として郵送による質問紙調査を実施した。3554人(回収率65.2%)から回答を得て、このうち子どもと同居していると回答した20代から40代の男女845人を解析対象とした。喫煙者の割合は男性が33.4%、女性が10.8%であった。喫煙者における予防行動の維持・改善のオッズ比(OR)は、手洗いについて男性ではOR 1.0、女性ではOR 0.3、マスクの着用頻度について男性ではOR 0.6、女性ではOR 0.9であった。インフルエンザワクチンの接種については男性ではOR 0.5、女性ではOR 0.5であった。子どもと同居する20代から40代の成人において、喫煙状況と感染症予防行動に関連がある可能性が示唆された。

Language：Japanese   Publisher：AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses  

Japan is one of the world's highly endemic areas for human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), and it is known that the infection rate of HTLV-1 increases with age. The infection rate among the elderly has been estimated based on data from blood donors under the age of 65, and the actual number and rate of infection among the elderly are unknown. Data of 26,090 preoperative HTLV-1 screening tests conducted at Kagoshima University Hospital from 2001 to 2020, including 2726 HTLV-1-positive patients, were used for calculating the decadal infection rates for the year of birth. Estimated infection rates by birth year and demographic tables were used to estimate the current number of infected people in Kagoshima. The estimated total numbers of people infected with HTLV-1 in Kagoshima prefecture were 139,436 in 2005 and 80,975 in 2019. The infection rate increased with age for both men and women, reaching 17.3% for women born before the 1920s. Next, we tried to clarify whether the increase in infection rates with age was due to post-school age infections. The age of birth with the greatest increase in infection rate after 10 years was women born in the 1970s, and the increase in infection rate was only 0.98%, which is not a statistically significant increase. The number of infected people in Kagoshima was >80,000 in 2019. No data were available in this study to point to the involvement of horizontal transmission after school age in the high infection rate among the elderly. The high infection rate among the elderly is thought to have been high even when they were infants.

DOI： 10.1089/aid.2021.0164

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Heliyon  

Objective: Vinegar has been reported to have a hypotensive effect. We aimed to investigate the relationship between the consumption of vinegar-based side dishes and blood pressure. Research methods & procedures: This cross-sectional study included 746 individuals (257 men and 489 women) aged ≥40 years from Tarumizu, Kagoshima, Japan. Nutrient intake was estimated based on the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. The intake frequency of vinegar-based side dishes (Sunomono and pickles) was determined using a self-administered diet history questionnaire. Participants who did not consume vinegar-based side dishes for a month were defined as having no Sunomono or pickle eating habit. Blood pressure was categorized into four groups according to the Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines for the Management of Hypertension. The association between the intake of vinegar-based side dishes and blood pressure categories was analyzed using ordinal logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking history, excessive alcohol intake, living situation, energy intake, protein intake, sodium intake, potassium intake, and seaweed intake. Results: Approximately 13.6% men and 6.1% women had no Sunomono eating habits. In men, eating Sunomono, but not pickles, was significantly related to blood pressure categories (estimate, −0.702; 95% CI, −1.122 to −0.310), whereas more frequent consumption of Sunomono did not show an improvement in the blood pressure category. The relationship between eating Sunomono and blood pressure categories was not recognized in women. Conclusion: This was the first study assessing the association between consumption of vinegar-based side dishes and blood pressure categories. We highlighted the effect of Sunomono consumption on blood pressure categories in men. Consumption of Sunomono may improve blood pressure in men.

DOI： 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09505

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Scientific reports  

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of surgeon-related factors on the surgical outcome of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and scleral buckling (SB) surgery on eyes with a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). This was a nationwide, multicenter, observational study of the data in the Japan-RD Registry. Registered cases that had undergone surgery for a RRD by 128 accredited surgeons in 26 institutions were studied. The surgeon-related factors that significantly affected surgical success and visual outcomes of simple RRD treated by PPV or SB at 6 months postoperatively were analyzed and compared. Among 3446 registered cases, 2533 cases met the inclusion criteria with 1896 in the PPV group and 637 cases in the SB group. The median total number of lifetime cases was 150 and the rate of surgeries/year was 22. Multivariate regression analyses showed that the number and rate of surgeries/year were not significantly associated with the surgical outcome in the PPV group. However, surgeons with a higher average annual number of surgeries had significantly better surgical outcomes in the SB group (P = 0.038). Analyses of a nationwide registry showed that SB but not PPV surgeries require sufficient experience and case numbers to acquire and maintain skills to treat RRDs successfully.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-022-07838-5

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health  

The “Creative Heath” project, a participatory school activity to foster community resilience, was implemented in Fukushima, Japan, and children’s experiences of the project were assessed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The project consists of three workshops: BODY, FOOD, and ACT, with activities to facilitate students’ scientific and creative thinking, working in teams, presenting, and expressing their opinions. The first two schools participated with 105 students aged 9–11 years old. Before and after each workshop, students were given questionnaires to rate their satisfaction with their own health (BODY), local foods (FOOD), and the community at large (ACT) on a five-level scale, with space to add free comments. Ratings for BODY and FOOD changed significantly, and the proportion of students who increased their rating of an evaluation indicator after each workshop was 25% for BODY, 28% for FOOD, and 25% for ACT. Text analysis of free comments showed that students in the “increased” group appreciated presenting, measuring, learning connections between nutrition and health, and working collaboratively with peers. Children perceived their health and the foods in their community more positively after participating. Moreover, the Creative Health project could be a way to enhance children’s creativity and autonomy as agents of change in the community.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph19063417

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Legal Medicine  

Fetal age is estimated widely by body length and weight and skeletal or dental development and maturation. Regarding dental development, dental development charts reported by Schour and Massler and Ubelaker are well known. We tried to calculate the calcification rate of the deciduous teeth, mandibular cortical bone, and clavicle in fetuses utilizing postmortem computed tomography (CT) image analysis. The CT values within the circumferential area of the region of interest were automatically calculated using a software, and the calcification rate was calculated by performing single regression analysis. Our results showed that deciduous tooth calcification could be detected in over 19-week-old fetuses using CT images. The calcification of bones (mandibular cortical bone and clavicle) started earlier than the calcification of deciduous teeth. However, the calcification rate of the bones was slower compared to that of the deciduous teeth. The calcification rate of the deciduous teeth in fetuses using CT value may be effective to estimate fetal age and evaluate deciduous teeth development, suggesting that our established method is effective for age estimation in forensic dentistry.

DOI： 10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101969

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Language：English   Publisher：エルゼビア・ジャパン(株)  

胎齢の推定法を確立するため、死後CT画像解析から胎児の乳歯歯胚、下顎皮質骨と鎖骨の石灰化速度を計測した。なお、本報では医学教育のため献体された胎児25体(男児13体、女児12体、死亡時胎齢13～33週齢)を用いて、関心領域の円周領域内CT値はソフトウェアで自動計算し、石灰化速度は単回帰分析から求めた。その結果、CT画像から、胎齢19週齢以上の胎児乳歯歯胚の石灰化が検出され、下顎皮質骨と鎖骨の石灰化は、乳歯の石灰化よりも早期に開始されていたが、下顎皮質骨と鎖骨の石灰化速度は、乳歯よりも遅かった。これらの所見から、CT値を用いた胎児石灰化速度が、胎齢の推定と乳歯歯胚発達の評価に有効で、法歯学領域での年齢推定に本法が有用と判断された。

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Frontiers in Public Health  

Although the epidemiological studies provide evidence for an increased risk of lung cancer risk associated with residential radon, an issue of radon-thoron discrimination remains to be solved. In this study, an updated evaluation of lung cancer risk among the residents in Gansu, China was performed where one of the major epidemiological studies on indoor radon demonstrated an increased risk of lung cancer. We analyzed data from a hospital-based case-control study that included 30 lung cancer cases and 39 controls with special attention to internal exposure assessment based on the discriminative measurement technique of radon isotopes. Results from the analyses showed non-significant increased lung cancer risks; odds ratios (ORs) adjusted for age, smoking, and total income were 0.35 (95% CI: 0.07–1.74) and 0.27 (95% CI: 0.04–1.74) for groups living in residences with indoor radon concentrations of 50–100 Bq m−3 and over 100 Bq m−3, respectively, compared with those with < 50 Bq m−3 indoor radon concentrations. Although the small sample size hampers the usefulness of present analyses, our study suggests that reevaluation of lung cancer risk associated with residential radon in the epidemiological studies will be required on the basis of precise exposure assessment.

DOI： 10.3389/fpubh.2021.764201

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Cancer Epidemiology  

Background: In the Karunagappally cohort, esophageal cancer is the third most common cancer with an age-adjusted incidence rate of 6.2 per 100,000 person-years among men. The present study analyzed the risk of esophageal cancer in relation to alcohol drinking and tobacco use. Methods: The study included 65,528 men aged 30–84 years in the Karunagappally cohort, India. Results: Poisson regression analysis showed that alcohol drinking significantly increased (P = 0.027) the risk of esophageal cancer and the relative risk (RR) for current drinkers was 1.6, (95 % confidence interval (CI) = 1.1–2.3). The risk increased significantly in heavy alcohol drinkers (250 g of ethanol or above per day) (RR = 2.1, 95 % CI = 1.2–3.5) (P for trend = 0.014) and among current arrack consumers (RR = 1.8, 95 % CI = 0.99–3.29) (P for trend = 0.025). Current bidi and cigarette smokers showed an increase in the trend of cancer risk. A significantly higher risk was seen in those who had started smoking bidi before the age of 18 years, RR = 1.9 (95 % CI = 1.1–3.3) (P for trend = 0.044). Furthermore, increased RR for heavy bidi and cigarette smokers were 1.6 (95 % CI = 1.1–2.5) and 2.4 (95 % CI = 1.3–4.5), respectively. Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first cohort study in India to report an increased esophageal cancer risk with respect to alcohol drinking.

DOI： 10.1016/j.canep.2021.102018

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japan Science Support Foundation  

DOI： 10.5363/tits.26.9_29

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Anticancer Research  

Background/Aim: The frequency of somatic mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in primary lung adenocarcinoma varies among populations and countries. The aim of the present study was to clarify whether the frequency of EGFR mutations in patients with lung adenocarcinoma depends on their mitochondrial DNA haplogroup, which reflects their maternal lineage. Patients and Methods: Using normal lung tissue specimens, the mitochondrial DNA haplogroup was determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction in 135 Japanese patients who underwent surgery for primary lung adenocarcinoma. Results: The 135 patients were divided into two groups according to the two primitive haplotypes (N group, n=32; M group, n=103). The frequency of EGFR mutations in the N group was significantly higher than that in the M group (69% vs. 48%, p=0.044). The difference was prominent when the analysis was restricted to non-smokers (95% vs. 57%, p<0.01). Conclusion: The frequency of EGFR mutations in lung adenocarcinoma patients depends on their mitochondrial lineage.

DOI： 10.21873/anticanres.15197

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Surgery Today  

Purpose: Using a circular stapler to create an anastomosis for esophagogastrostomy after esophagectomy is well accepted; however, it remains uncertain if the greater curvature (GC) or lesser curvature (LC) of the gastric conduit is better for the anastomosis. We conducted this prospective study to compare the integrity of esophagogastrostomy between the esophagus and the GC or LC side of the gastric conduit. Methods: The subjects of this study were 70 patients who underwent esophagectomy and were randomized to a “GC” group and an “LC” group (n = 35 each). The primary and secondary end points were anastomotic leakage (AL) and anastomotic stricture (AS), respectively. Results: The overall AL rate was 22.1%, without a significant difference between the groups. Stump leakage developed in eight of nine patients in the GC group, whereas leakage developed at the esophagogastric anastomosis in five of six patients in the LC group. The rate of stump leakage was significantly higher than that of esophagogastric AL in the GC group. The overall AS rate was 4.4%, with a significant difference between the groups (0% in the GC group vs. 9.1% in the LC group). Conclusions: AL rates were comparable in the two groups, but the sites of leakage were significantly different.

DOI： 10.1007/s00595-020-02147-8

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Language：English   Publisher：(公社)日本栄養・食糧学会  

高齢者815名(女性515名、平均74.9歳)を対象に、栄養素摂取状況とプレフレイル(疲労感、動作緩慢、虚弱、活動量低下、または体重減少のいずれか一つ以上の存在)との関係について検討した。男性の52%および女性の54%がプレフレイルに該当した。男性では栄養素摂取状況とプレフレイルの間に有意な関連はみられなかった。女性の場合、健常群と比較して、プレフレイル群はビタミンKとB群(B1、B2、葉酸、パントテン酸)、リン、カリウム、カルシウム、マグネシウム、鉄、亜鉛、銅の摂取量が有意に少なかった。このうちプレフレイルに関連する有意な変数として抽出されたのはマグネシウムのみであった。マグネシウム摂取量の四分位別にみた女性のプレフレイルの調整オッズ比(95%信頼区間)は、第1分位を基準として、第2分位が0.52(0.29～0.92,p=0.024)、第3分位が0.51(0.28～0.95,p=0.033)、第4分位が0.38(0.19～0.74,p=0.005)であった。以上から、高齢日本人女性において、マグネシウムはプレフレイル予防に重要な栄養素であると考えられた。

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Center for Academic Publications Japan  

<p>We examined the association between nutrient intake and prefrailty. Data from 815 older people (63% women) who participated in a community-based health check survey (Tarumizu Study) were analyzed. Prefrailty were defined using five parameters (exhaustion, slowness, weakness, low physical activity, and weight loss). Participants with one or more components were considered to belong to the prefrailty group. Nutrition intake was estimated from a validated brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Among the participants, 154 men (52%) and 278 women (54%) were found to be in a status of prefrailty. In men, there were no significant associations between nutrient intake and prefrailty. In women, carbohydrate intake was slightly higher in prefrailty group. Vitamins K, B₁, B₂, folic acid, pantothenic acid, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and copper intake was significantly lower in the prefrailty group. Among the nutrients, magnesium was identified as a significant covariate of prefrailty using a stepwise regression method. In women adjusted ORs (95%CI, <i>p</i> value) for prefrailty in the first, second, third, and fourth quartiles of magnesium intake were 1.00 (reference), 0.52 (0.29–0.92, 0.024), 0.51 (0.28–0.95, 0.033), and 0.38 (0.19–0.74, 0.005), respectively, by multivariate logistic regression analysis (variates: age, body mass index, energy intake, supplement use, osteoporosis, magnesium, and protein intake). Protein intake did not related to prefrailty. Protein intake might be sufficient to prevent prefrailty in the present study. We propose magnesium to be an important micronutrient that prevents prefrailty in community-dwelling older Japanese women.</p>

DOI： 10.3177/jnsv.67.39

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：British Journal of Ophthalmology  

Background/aims: To compare the effects of silicone oil tamponade (SOT) to that of gas tamponade (GT) on the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after successful vitrectomy for retinal detachment (RD). Methods: A retrospective, multicentre, nationwide study with RD who were registered in the Japan-RD Registry. All cases with RD treated with successful vitrectomy between February 2016 and March 2017 were studied. A propensity score matching was performed using the preoperative findings as covariates to adjust the relevant confounders. The primary outcome was the estimated mean difference of the postoperative BCVA in 6 months between eyes treated with SOT to those treated with GT. Results: Of the 3446 cases registered, 2097 cases met the entry criteria. There were 2042 eyes that had GT and 55 eyes that had SOT. Primary success was defined as a reattached retina with no tamponade at 6 months. After propensity score matching, each group contained 40 cases. The preoperative BCVA was 0.966±0.738 logMAR units in the GT group and 1.270±0.945 logMAR units in the SOT group (p=0.177). Six months postoperatively, the BCVA in the GT group was significantly better at 0.309 logMAR units in the GT group than the 0.671 logMAR units in the SOT group (p=0.002). Conclusions: Even after successful surgery for RD, eyes that experienced SOT had poorer BCVA than eyes treated with GOT. SOT should be considered cautiously. Precis: Propensity score analysis of eyes with rhegmatogenous RD showed that postoperative vision was worse in eyes treated once with silicone oil than with gas even after completely successful surgery.

DOI： 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2021-319876

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Neurotoxicity Research  

DOI： 10.1007/s12640-020-00174-4

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Publisher：日本疫学会  

＜Highlight＞●妊婦を対象に抗原特異的IgE抗体と血中金属濃度との関係を調べた。●抗原特異的IgE抗体は2群(低値群<0.35UA/ml,高値群≧0.35UA/ml)に分けて解析された。●スギ特異的IgE抗体と血中水銀およびセレン濃度の間に正の相関が認められた。●ハウスダストおよび動物上皮特異的IgE抗体と血中水銀濃度の間に負の相関が認められた。(著者抄録)

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1007/s12020-019-02071-z

Publisher：Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience  

DOI： 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00213

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1155/2019/1925315

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1186/s40001-018-0358-1

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1016/j.envres.2018.06.025

Publisher：Clinical Nutrition  

DOI： 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.07.014

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Publisher：Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine  

DOI： 10.1186/s12199-018-0713-4

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Publisher：(一社)日本衛生学会  

ウレタンフォーム工場の男性労働者75名と、同工場で勤務中に呼吸器症状が悪化し、職業性アレルギー(OA)が疑われる男性2名(43歳、52歳)を対象に、実際のモニタリングにおける複数の化学物質特異的免疫グロブリンG(IgG)評価の有用性について検討した。被験者から血液を採取し、トルエンジイソシアネート(TDI)および無水トリメリット酸(TMI)特異的IgGのレベルを評価した。対照男性87名のTDI特異的IgG濃度は平均0.98μg/mL、TMA特異的IgG濃度は平均2.10μg/mLであった。OAが疑われる2名のTDI特異的IgG濃度は15.6μg/mLと9.51μg/mL、TMA特異的IgG濃度は4.56μg/mLと14.4μg/mLで、対照男性よりも著明に上昇していた。男性労働者75名のTDI特異的IgG濃度は平均1.89μg/mL、TMA特異的IgG濃度は平均2.41μg/mLで、いずれも対照男性よりも有意に上昇していた(それぞれp<0.001,p<0.026)。プラスチック樹脂を用いる労働者において、TDIおよびTMA特異的IgGの評価は、曝露状況のモニタリングに有用であることが示された。

Publisher：(一社)日本毒性学会  

ヒト血清アルブミン(HSA)部分ペプチドを用いたELISAにより、血清中の化学物質特異的免疫グロブリンG(IgG)の定量分析を行った。リジン残基を含むHSA部分ペプチドをホルムアルデヒド(FA)または無水フタル酸(PA)と混合して、ペプチド中のリジン残基とそれぞれイミンまたは3級アミンを形成させ、血清中のFAおよびPA特異的IgG検出用の人工抗原であるFAおよびPAペプチド付加物を調製した。プラスチック樹脂を用いる工場労働者および一般被験者の血清を採取し、HSAペプチドを用いたELISAでFAおよびPA特異的IgGを測定したところ、工場労働者の特異的IgGは、一般被験者よりも有意に高かった。本法は化学物質への曝露レベル推定が可能で、労働者のアレルギー診断や有害化学物質による健康障害の防止に寄与することが示唆された。

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Environment International  

DOI： 10.1016/j.envint.2017.11.001

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Polish Journal of Radiology  

DOI： 10.5114/pjr.2018.77024

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Publisher：日本毒性学会  

<p>Many different types of chemicals are used in industry, and occupational allergies are becoming a serious problem in the field of industrial hygiene. In this study, we employed a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with partial peptides of human serum albumin (HSA) to quantify chemical-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) in serum for evaluating exposure to chemicals. When HSA partial peptides containing lysine residues were mixed with formaldehyde (FA) or phthalic anhydride (PA), almost all lysine residues were lost. Mass spectrometry revealed that PA and FA formed imine and tertiary amine, respectively, with lysine residues in the peptides. Thus, we used FA- or PA-peptide adducts as an artificial antigen to detect FA- and PA-specific IgGs in serum. The concentrations of FA- and PA-specific IgGs in workers at plants utilizing plastic resins were significantly higher than those in general subjects. This method can estimate exposure levels to chemicals and thus be expected to contribute to the diagnosis of allergies in workers and to the prevention of health hazards due to harmful chemicals.</p>

DOI： 10.2131/jts.43.25

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Publisher：British Journal of Radiology  

DOI： 10.1259/bjr.20170453

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Publisher：European Journal of Medical Research  

DOI： 10.1186/s40001-017-0287-4

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Radiation Protection Dosimetry  

DOI： 10.1093/rpd/ncx013

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Publisher：(一社)日本毒性学会  

メチル水銀(MeHg)の曝露状況を調べるため、ハノイ在住のベトナム人196名(男性99名、女性97名、年齢16〜55歳)を対象に、毛髪水銀値と足指爪中のセレン(Se)濃度および魚食との関連を評価した。魚食に関する情報は食事質問票を用いて評価した。男性と女性の毛髪水銀値の幾何学的平均はそれぞれ617ng/gおよび575ng/gであった。本ベトナム人被験者の98%の毛髪水銀値はMeHgに対する暫定的耐容1週摂取量(1.6μgHg/kg体重:6.4の不確実性因子にて約2300ng/gの毛髪水銀濃度に相当)より低かった。新鮮な魚食頻度に関係する女性の毛髪水銀値の年齢調整幾何学的平均において有意差があった。毛髪水銀値と足指爪中のSe濃度は魚食頻度の増加にともなって増加し、海産魚≧1回/週を食した被験者では有意な正相関を示した。

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Publisher：Tumor Biology  

DOI： 10.1177/1010428317717718

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Publisher：Journal of the Endocrine Society  

DOI： 10.1210/js.2017-00182

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：International Journal of COPD  

DOI： 10.2147/COPD.S130453

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Publisher：(一社)日本衛生学会  

当大学病院の女性新人看護師を対象に、職業性ストレスに対する感受性の潜在的な予測因子を評価した。看護師62名にBrief Job Stress Questionnaireを行い、最終的に42名(年齢21〜24歳)を解析対象とした。全員に健康診断と泌尿器検査を行い、就職時に生活習慣に関する質問票調査を行った。登録から5ヵ月の時点で三つのストレス状態スコアが全て有意に低下し、職業性ストレス状態であることが示唆された。収縮期血圧(r=-0.324、p<0.05)と尿中ナトリウム(r=-0.313、p<0.05)は登録から5ヵ月後のBJSQスコアと有意に負の相関があった。登録後のストレス状態スコアは、1年間の体重変化が±3kg以下および夕食から就寝までが2時間以下の看護師では有意に低かった。尿中ナトリウム、1年間の体重変化、夕食から就寝までの時間は職業性ストレス感受性の予測因子として有望であることが示唆された。

Publisher：鹿児島産科婦人科学会  

1997年1月〜2010年9月に当施設で婦人科悪性腫瘍と診断し、一次治療として手術を施行した患者362例を対象に、皮下ドレーン留置が皮膚吻合後の創離開にどのような影響を及ぼすかを後向きに評価した。皮下ドレーン留置患者(留置群)は131例(平均56.2±14.0歳)、非留置患者(非留置群)は231例(平均54.0±14.6歳)であった。創離開の全発生率は留置群3/131例、非留置群18/231例であった(p=0.031)。創離開率はBMI(p=0.007)、疾患進行度(p=0.002)、手術時間(p=0.013)と正の相関が認められた。多重ロジスティック回帰分析により、肥満、疾患ステージ進行、長い手術時間を創離開の独立したリスクとして特定した。肥満患者では、非留置群の方が創離開率は高かった。以上より、婦人科悪性腫瘍手術時の皮下ドレーン留置は、皮膚吻合後の創離開率を低下させることが示された。

Publisher：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

大腿骨近位部骨折手術1年後の日常生活動作(ADL)能力および生存に影響を及ぼす因子を明らかにすることを目的とした。鹿児島県内の33医療施設で治療を受けた患者387例を対象とする多施設共同前向きコホート研究を実施した。ロジスティック回帰分析においてBarthel Index(BI)の悪化リスクと有意な関連を示した術前因子は、加齢、骨折前BIの不良、大腿骨転子部骨折、術後因子は退院時BIの不良、認知障害であった。また退院後に疾患を新規発症した患者ではBI悪化のオッズ比が有意に高かった。死亡リスクと有意な関連を示した術前因子は年齢と性別のみで、それらの影響を調整後、術後因子としては退院時BIが唯一の有意な死亡リスク決定因子であった。退院時にADL能力が不良な患者は、手術1年後における機能の回復が不良で、死亡率が高い傾向にあることが示された。

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Publisher：一般社団法人　日本毒性学会  

<p>People are exposed to methylmercury (MeHg) mainly through fish consumption, which is increasing in Vietnam. However, little information is available on estimating the health risk of MeHg exposure through fish consumption in Vietnam. The present study examined the association between mercury (Hg) levels in hair and selenium (Se) levels in toenails of 196 Vietnamese people and their fish consumption, using a dietary questionnaire to obtain information pertinent for assessing health risk owing to MeHg exposure. The geometric mean of Hg levels in the hair of males and females was 617 ng/g and 575 ng/g, respectively. We found that Hg levels in the hair of 98% of the Vietnamese study subjects were lower than the provisional tolerable weekly intake for MeHg (1.6 µg Hg/kg body weight; which is equivalent to a hair Hg concentration of approximately 2,300 ng/g, with an uncertainty factor of 6.4). There were significant differences in the age-adjusted geometric mean of Hg levels found in hair from females related to their frequency of freshwater fish consumption. The levels of Hg in hair and Se in toenails increased with an increased frequency of marine fish consumption, and both showed a significant positive correlation in subjects who consumed marine fish ≥ once/week. This is the first cross-sectional study to investigate the association between hair Hg levels and fish consumption in Vietnam. These findings provide valuable information for future assessments of the health risk of MeHg exposure through fish consumption in Vietnam.</p>

DOI： 10.2131/jts.42.651

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine  

DOI： 10.1186/s12199-017-0641-8

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Journal of Cancer  

DOI： 10.7150/jca.20971

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Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.12718

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

DOI： 10.7717/peerj.1585

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：International Institute of Anticancer Research  

Aim: The present study aimed to explore the etiological role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). Materials and Methods: HPV status, including viral load and E6 variants, and the expression of P53, p16INK4A, and FANCD2, in tissues of TSCC (n=24) and tonsillitis (n=31) were investigated. Results: The frequency of high-risk HPV (HPV-16) in TSCCs (42%) was higher than that of tonsillitis (16%). HPV-16 genome was partially or fully integrated in all HPV-16-positive TSCCs. However, the viral genome was partially integrated in three out of five HPV-16-positive tonsillitis cases (p=0.037). HPV-16-positive TSCCs showed a higher frequency of p16INK4A expression than HPV-16-negative TSCCs and tonsillitis (p=0.011). Regardless of HPV status, TSCCs had a lower expression of FANCD2 than tonsillitis (p=0.008). Conclusion: The present study supports the etiological role of HPV-16 in the development of TSCC, and p16INK4A overexpression can be applied as a surrogate marker for the detection of high-risk-HPV in TSCC.

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Elsevir  

Aims

The aim of this study was to clarify the involvement of oxidative stress in methylmercury (MeHg)-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions and the suppressive effects of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in MeHg-induced cytokine expression.

Materials and methods

Using U-87-MG human astrocytoma cell line, interleukin (IL)-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 expressions induced by 4 μM MeHg were measured at mRNA and protein levels. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2−) were quantified by flow-cytometry analysis. To examine the suppressive effects of NAC on the cytokine expressions among different timing of NAC treatment, cells were treated with 0.5 or 5 mM NAC before, simultaneously, or after MeHg administration.

Key findings

MeHg exposure at 4 μM, a non-cytotoxic concentration, significantly induced MCP-1 and IL-6 expressions at both mRNA and protein levels. A significant increase of H2O2 production but not O2− was observed. MeHg-induced expression of MCP-1 and IL-6 mRNA was reduced by 10–20% in the presence of 5 mM NAC (co-treatment experiment) compared to cells treated with MeHg only. Pre-treatment of cells with 0.5 or 5 mM NAC at 0.5 or 1 h and its subsequent washout before MeHg addition suppressed MCP-1 and IL-6 cytokine expressions. Post-treatment of cells with NAC after MeHg addition also suppressed the cytokine induction, but the magnitude of suppression was evidently lower than in co-treated cells even though the H2O2 generation was almost completely suppressed by NAC.

Significance

NAC may effectively suppress the MeHg-induced cytokine production through both, inhibition of reactive oxygen species as well as extracellular chelation of MeHg in astrocytes.

Other Link： http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00243205/134

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

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