記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：PLoS ONE  

The postmortem diagnosis of drowning death and understanding the mechanisms leading to drowning require a comprehensive judgment based on numerous morphological findings in order to determine the pathogenesis and epidemiological characteristics of the findings. Effortful breathing during the drowning process can result in intramuscular hemorrhage in respiratory and accessory respiratory muscles. However, the characteristics of this phenomenon have not been investigated. We analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of 145 cases diagnosed as drowning, in which hemorrhage, not due to trauma, was found in the respiratory muscles and accessory respiratory muscles. Hemorrhage was observed in 31.7% of these cases, and the incidence did not differ by gender or drowning location. The frequency of hemorrhage was significantly higher in months with a mean temperature below 20°C than in months above 20°C, suggesting a relationship between the occurrence of hemorrhage and low environmental temperature. Moreover, the frequency of hemorrhage was significantly higher in the elderly (aged ≥65 years) compared to those <65 years old. In the elderly, the weakening of muscles due to aging may contribute to the susceptibility for intramuscular hemorrhage. Moreover, these intramuscular hemorrhages do not need to be considered in cases of a potential bleeding tendency due to disease such as cirrhosis or medication such as anticoagulants. Our results indicate that intramuscular hemorrhage in respiratory and accessory respiratory muscles can serve as an additional criterion to differentiate between fatal drowning and other causes of death, as long as no cutaneous or subcutaneous hematomas above the muscles with hemorrhages are observed. In addition, the epidemiological features that such intramuscular hemorrhage is more common in cold environments and in the elderly may provide useful information for the differentiation.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0261348

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Immunity, Inflammation and Disease  

Introduction: Chronic alcohol consumption (CAC) can induce several deleterious effects on the body, including the promotion of osteoporosis; however, the immunological mechanism underlying alcohol-induced osteoporosis is still unclear. Methods: We administered alcohol to mice for 4 weeks as the experimental CAC model and analyzed the bone and immune cells that are located in the vicinity of a bone. Results: IL-4 is known to be a suppressive factor for osteoclastogenesis, and we found that natural killer T (NKT)-like cells, which showed NK1.1-positive, CD3-positive, and α-galactosylceramide-loaded CD1d tetramer-negative, produced IL-4 more effectively than CD4+ T and natural killer (NK) cells. The alcohol consumption facilitated a significant decrease of bone mineral density with the upregulation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand expression. Meanwhile, we confirmed that alcohol consumption suppressed the activity of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and NKT-like cells, leading to decreased IL-4 secretion. Moreover, these harmful effects of alcohol consumption were reduced by simultaneous treatment with a glycolipid antigen OCH. Conclusions: Our results indicate that the inactivation of innate immune cells, APCs, and NKT-like cells are likely to be crucial for alcohol-induced osteoporosis and provide a new therapeutic approach for preventing osteoporosis.

DOI： 10.1002/iid3.485

Scopus

PubMed

担当区分：筆頭著者,　責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   掲載種別：研究論文（研究会，シンポジウム資料等）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   掲載種別：研究論文（研究会，シンポジウム資料等）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（国際会議プロシーディングス）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（研究会，シンポジウム資料等）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

会議種別：ポスター発表  

会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（指名）  

記述言語：英語  

会議種別：ポスター発表  

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

会議種別：シンポジウム・ワークショップ パネル（指名）  

記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

記述言語：英語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）