記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society  

We explore the influence of the Milky Way galaxy’s chemical evolution on the formation, structure, and habitability of the Solar system. Using a multizone Galactic chemical evolution (GCE) model, we successfully reproduce key observational constraints, including the age–metallicity ([Fe/H]) relation, metallicity distribution functions, abundance gradients, and [X/Fe] ratio trends for critical elements involved in planetary mineralogy, including C, O, Mg, and Si. Our GCE model suggests that the Sun formed in the inner Galactic disc, Rbirth,☉ ≈ 5 kpc. We also combined a stoichiometric model with the GCE model to examine the temporal evolution and spatial distribution of planet building blocks within the Milky Way galaxy, revealing trends in the condensed mass fraction (fcond), iron-to-silicon mass fraction (firon), and water mass fraction (fwater) over time and towards the inner Galactic disc regions. Specifically, our model predicts a higher fcond in the protoplanetary disc within the inner regions of the Milky Way galaxy, as well as an increased firon and a decreased fwater in the inner regions. Based on these findings, we discuss the potential impact of the Sun’s birth location on the overall structure and habitability of the Solar system.

DOI： 10.1093/mnras/stad3188

Scopus

arXiv

その他リンク： http://arxiv.org/pdf/2310.10335v1

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Astrophysical Journal  

Metallicity gradients refer to the sloped radial profiles of the metallicities of gas and stars and are commonly seen in disk galaxies. A well-defined metallicity gradient of the Galactic disk is observed particularly well with classical Cepheids, which are good stellar tracers thanks to their period-luminosity relation, allowing precise distance estimation and other advantages. However, the measurement of the inner-disk gradient has been impeded by the incompleteness of previous samples of Cepheids and the limitations of optical spectroscopy in observing highly reddened objects. Here we report the metallicities of 16 Cepheids measured with high-resolution spectra in the near-infrared YJ bands. These Cepheids are located at 3-5.6 kpc in Galactocentric distance, R GC, and reveal the metallicity gradient in this range for the first time. Their metallicities are mostly between 0.1 and 0.3 dex in [Fe/H] and more or less follow the extrapolation of the metallicity gradient found in the outer part, R GC > 6.5 kpc. The gradient in the inner disk may be shallower or even flat, but the small sample does not allow the determination of the slope precisely. More extensive spectroscopic observations would also be necessary for studying minor populations, if any, with higher or lower metallicities that were reported in previous literature. In addition, the 3D velocities of our inner-disk Cepheids show a kinematic pattern that indicates noncircular orbits caused by the Galactic bar, which is consistent with the patterns reported in recent studies on high-mass star-forming regions and red giant branch stars.

DOI： 10.3847/1538-4357/aced93

Web of Science

Scopus

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society  

Stars in the Galactic disc, including the Solar system, have deviated from their birth orbits and have experienced radial mixing and vertical heating. By performing hydrodynamical simulations of a galactic disc, we investigate how much tracer particles, which are initially located in the disc to mimic newborn stars and the thin and thick disc stars, are displaced from initial near-circular orbits by gravitational interactions with giant molecular clouds (GMCs). To exclude the influence of other perturbers that can change the stellar orbits, such as spiral arms and the bar, we use an axisymmetric form for the entire galactic potential. First, we investigate the time evolution of the radial and vertical velocity dispersion σR and σz by comparing them with a power-law relation of σ ∝ tβ. Although the exponents β decrease with time, they keep large values of 0.3 ∼ 0.6 for 1 Gyr, indicating fast and efficient disc heating. Next, we find that the efficient stellar scattering by GMCs also causes a change in angular momentum for each star and, therefore, radial migration. This effect is more pronounced in newborn stars than old disc stars; nearly 30 per cent of stars initially located on the galactic mid-plane move more than 1 kpc in the radial direction for 1 Gyr. The dynamical heating and radial migration drastically occur in the first several hundred Myr. As the amplitude of the vertical oscillation increases, the time spent in the galactic plane, where most GMCs are distributed, decreases, and the rate of an increase in the heating and migration slows down.

DOI： 10.1093/mnras/stad1612

Scopus

その他リンク： https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/523/2/3049/50529750/stad1612.pdf

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：American Astronomical Society  

Abstract

We present Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) imaging of molecular gas across the full star-forming disk of the barred spiral galaxy M83 in CO(J = 1–0). We jointly deconvolve the data from ALMA’s 12 m, 7 m, and Total Power arrays using the MIRIAD package. The data have a mass sensitivity and resolution of 10⁴M_⊙ (3σ) and 40 pc—sufficient to detect and resolve a typical molecular cloud in the Milky Way with a mass and diameter of 4 × 10⁵M_⊙ and 40 pc, respectively. The full disk coverage shows that the characteristics of molecular gas change radially from the center to outer disk, with the locally measured brightness temperature, velocity dispersion, and integrated intensity (surface density) decreasing outward. The molecular gas distribution shows coherent large-scale structures in the inner part, including the central concentration, offset ridges along the bar, and prominent molecular spiral arms. However, while the arms are still present in the outer disk, they appear less spatially coherent, and even flocculent. Massive filamentary gas concentrations are abundant even in the interarm regions. Building up these structures in the interarm regions would require a very long time (≳100 Myr). Instead, they must have formed within stellar spiral arms and been released into the interarm regions. For such structures to survive through the dynamical processes, the lifetimes of these structures and their constituent molecules and molecular clouds must be long (≳100 Myr). These interarm structures host little or no star formation traced by Hα. The new map also shows extended CO emission, which likely represents an ensemble of unresolved molecular clouds.

DOI： 10.3847/1538-4357/acc65e

その他リンク： https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/acc65e/pdf

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Oxford University Press (OUP)  

Abstract

We employ our Bayesian Machine Learning framework BINGO (Bayesian INference for Galactic archaeOlogy) to obtain high-quality stellar age estimates for 68,360 red giant and red clump stars present in the 17th data release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, the APOGEE-2 high-resolution spectroscopic survey. By examining the denoised age-metallicity relationship of the Galactic disc stars, we identify a drop in metallicity with an increase in [Mg/Fe] at an early epoch, followed by a chemical enrichment episode with increasing [Fe/H] and decreasing [Mg/Fe]. This result is congruent with the chemical evolution induced by an early-epoch gas-rich merger identified in the Milky Way-like zoom-in cosmological simulation Auriga. In the initial phase of the merger of Auriga 18 there is a drop in metallicity due to the merger diluting the metal content and an increase in the [Mg/Fe] of the primary galaxy. Our findings suggest that the last massive merger of our Galaxy, the Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus, was likely a significant gas-rich merger and induced a starburst, contributing to the chemical enrichment and building of the metal-rich part of the thick disc at an early epoch.

DOI： 10.1093/mnrasl/slad033

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Oxford University Press (OUP)  

ABSTRACT

The velocity–space distribution of the solar neighbourhood stars shows complex substructures. Most of the previous studies use static potentials to investigate their origins. Instead we use a self-consistent N-body model of the Milky Way, whose potential is asymmetric and evolves with time. In this paper, we quantitatively evaluate the similarities of the velocity–space distributions in the N-body model and that of the solar neighbourhood, using Kullback–Leibler divergence (KLD). The KLD analysis shows the time evolution and spatial variation of the velocity–space distribution. The KLD fluctuates with time, which indicates the velocity–space distribution at a fixed position is not always similar to that of the solar neighbourhood. Some positions show velocity–space distributions with small KLDs (high similarities) more frequently than others. One of them locates at $(R,\phi)=(8.2\,\,\rm{\mathrm{kpc } }, 30^\circ)$, where R and ϕ are the distance from the galactic centre and the angle with respect to the bar’s major axis, respectively. The detection frequency is higher in the inter-arm regions than in the arm regions. In the velocity maps with small KLDs, we identify the velocity–space substructures, which consist of particles trapped in bar resonances. The bar resonances have significant impact on the stellar velocity–space distribution even though the galactic potential is not static.

DOI： 10.1093/mnras/stac1379

その他リンク： https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/514/1/460/43946942/stac1379.pdf

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Oxford University Press (OUP)  

ABSTRACT

Some barred galaxies, including the Milky Way, host a boxy/peanut/X-shaped bulge (BPX-shaped bulge). Previous studies suggested that the BPX-shaped bulge can either be developed by bar buckling or by vertical inner Lindblad resonance (vILR) heating without buckling. In this paper, we study the observable consequence of a BPX-shaped bulge built up quickly after bar formation via vILR heating without buckling, using an N-body/hydrodynamics simulation of an isolated Milky Way-like galaxy. We found that the BPX-shaped bulge is dominated by stars born prior to bar formation. This is because the bar suppresses star formation, except for the nuclear stellar disc (NSD) region and its tips. The stars formed near the bar ends have higher Jacobi energy, and when these stars lose their angular momentum, their non-circular energy increases to conserve Jacobi energy. This prevents them from reaching the vILR to be heated to the BPX-shaped bulge region. By contrast, the NSD forms after the bar formation. From this simulation and general considerations, we expect that the age distributions of the NSD and BPX-shaped bulge formed without bar buckling do not overlap each other. Then, the transition age between these components betrays the formation time of the bar, and is testable in future observations of the Milky Way and extragalactic barred galaxies.

DOI： 10.1093/mnras/stac598

arXiv

その他リンク： https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/513/2/2850/43623124/stac598.pdf

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：American Astronomical Society  

<title>Abstract</title>
Metal-deficient stars are important tracers for understanding the early formation of the Galaxy. Recent large-scale surveys with both photometric and spectroscopic data have reported an increasing number of metal-deficient stars whose kinematic features are consistent with those of the disk stellar populations. We report the discovery of an RR Lyrae variable (hereafter RRL) that is located within the thick disk and has an orbit consistent with the thick-disk kinematics. Our target RRL (HD 331986) is located at around 1 kpc from the Sun and, with <italic>V</italic> ≃ 11.3, is among the ∼130 brightest RRLs known so far. However, this object has scarcely been studied because it is in the midplane of the Galaxy, at a Galactic latitude around –1°. Its near-infrared spectrum (0.91–1.32 <italic>μ</italic>m) shows no absorption line except hydrogen lines of the Paschen series, suggesting [Fe/H] ≲ –2.5. It is the most metal-deficient RRL, at least among RRLs whose orbits are consistent with the disk kinematics, although we cannot determine to which of the disk and the halo it belongs. This unique RRL would provide us with essential clues for studying the early formation of stars in the inner Galaxy with further investigations, including high-resolution optical spectroscopy.

DOI： 10.3847/1538-4357/ac3483

その他リンク： https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ac3483/pdf

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Oxford University Press (OUP)  

ABSTRACT

Using a numerical simulation of an isolated barred disc galaxy, we first demonstrate that the resonances of the inner bar structure induce more prominent features in the action space distribution for the kinematically hotter stars, which are less sensitive to the local perturbation, such as the transient spiral arms. Then, we analyse the action distribution for the kinematically hotter stars selected from the Gaia EDR3 data as the stars with higher values of radial and vertical actions. We find several resonance features, including two new features, in the angular momentum distribution similar to what are seen in our numerical simulations. We show that the bar pattern speeds of about Ωbar ∼ 34 and 42 km s−1 kpc−1 explain all these features equally well. The resonance features we find correspond to the inner 4:1, co-rotation (CR), outer 4:1, outer Lindblad, and outer 4:3 (CR, outer 4:1, outer Lindblad, outer 4:3, and outer 1:1) resonances, when Ωbar ∼ 34 (42) km s−1 kpc−1 is assumed.

DOI： 10.1093/mnras/stab2582

arXiv

その他リンク： https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-pdf/508/1/728/42565267/stab2582.pdf

掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：American Astronomical Society  

DOI： 10.3847/1538-4357/ac07a8

arXiv

その他リンク： https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ac07a8/pdf