記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Fermentation  

This study aimed to improve the nutritional value of soybean meal (SBM) by solid-state fermentation (SSF) using Bacillus subtilis natto (B. s. natto) to overcome the limitations of SBM usage in aquafeed. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to explore the relationships of fermentation conditions, such as temperature, time, water-substrate ratio, and layer thickness, on the degree of protein hydrolysis (DH) and the crude protein (CP) content. The optimum conditions for achieving the higher DH (15.96%) and CP (55.76%) were 43.82◦C, 62.32 h, 1.08 of water-substrate ratio, and a layer thickness of 2.02 cm. CP and DH in the fermented soybean meal (FSM) increased by 9.8% and 177.1%, respectively, and crude fiber decreased by 14.1% compared to SBM. The protein dispersibility index (PDI) decreased by 29.8%, while KOH protein solubility (KPS) was significantly increased by 17.4%. Flavonoids and total phenolic acid content in FSM were increased by 231.0% and 309.4%, respectively. Neutral protease activity (NPA) also reached a high level (1723.6 U g−1). Total essential amino acids (EAA) in FSM increased by 12.2%, higher than the 10.8% increase of total non-essential amino acids (NEAA), while the total free amino acids content was 12.76 times higher than that of SBM. Major anti-nutritional factors in SBM were significantly reduced during the process, and almost all SBM protein macromolecules were decomposed. Together with the cost-effectiveness of SSF, B. s. natto-fermented SBM products have great potential to improve the plant composition and replace high-cost ingredients in aquafeed, contributing to food security and environmental sustainability.

DOI： 10.3390/fermentation7040306

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Animals  

A 60-day experiment was designed to assess the effect of different ratios of fish meal (FM): camelina meal plant protein (CM) on growth response and relative gene expression of growth-pro-moting factors, feed utilization potency, digestive enzymes activities, apparent digestibility (ADC), stress response, non-specific immunity of Pagrus major. Four isonitrogenous (490.7 g/kg of crude protein) and isolipidic (91.5 g/kg total lipid) experimental diets were formulated and designated as camelina meal (CM0), soyabean meal (SBM20.5), CM20.5, and CM33 based on protein contents. At the end of the feed trial, significantly higher (p < 0.05) weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed intake but lower feed conversion ratio were recorded in fish fed CM0, SBM20.5, and CM20.5 than fish fed CM33. The lowest growth, feed utilization, enzyme activity, and digestibility were recorded in fish fed CM33. Significantly higher pepsin, amylase, and protease activities were observed in fish fed CM0, SBM20.5, and CM20.5 diets than fish fed CM33. The highest ADC of protein was recorded in fish fed CM0, SBM20.5, and CM20.5 diets. Hematocrit levels were depressed CM33 while total serum protein, total cholesterol, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen, total bilirubin, aspartate ami-notransferase, and alanine aminotransferase were not significantly changed by the inclusion of CM. Non-specific immune variables (lysozyme activity, peroxidase activity in serum and nitro blue te-trazolium) in fish fed CM0, SBM20.5, and CM20.5 were significantly higher than in fish fed CM33 diet. The superoxide dismutase of fish fed CM20.5 was not significantly different from CM0 and SBM20.5 (p > 0.05). Catalase and low salinity stress test show that CM0, SBM20.5, and CM20.5 were not significantly (p > 0.05) different, while CM33 was significantly lower than the rest of the diets. TBARs show that CM20.5 and CM33 diets were significantly different (p < 0.05), but CM20.5 was not significantly different from SBM20.5. Significantly higher hepatic IGF-1 and IGF-2 mRNA expression was found in fish-fed diet groups CM0, SBM20.5, and CM20.5 than fish fed CM33. The present study indicated that the addition of CM up 205 kg/kg to diet maintains growth, digestive enzymes, nutrient digestibility, immunity, stress resistance, and feed utilization efficiency of red sea bream.

DOI： 10.3390/ani11113118

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Animals  

A 56-day feeding trial to evaluate the responses of red seabream (initial weight: 1.8 ± 0.02 g) to the substitution of fish oil (FO) with camelina oil (CO) at different ratios was conducted. The control diet formulated at 46% CP (6F0C) contained only FO without CO; from the second to the fifth diet, the FO was substituted with CO at rates of 5:1 (5F1C), 4:2 (4F2C), 3:3 (3F3C), 2:4 (2F4C), and 0:6 (0F6C). The results of the present study showed that up to full substitution of FO with CO showed no significant effect on growth variables BW = 26.2 g–28.3 g), body weight gain (BWG = 1275.5– 1365.3%), specific growth rate (SGR = 4.6–4.7), feed intake (FI = 25.6–27.8), feed conversion ratio (FCR = 1.0–1.1), biometric indices condition factor (CF = 2.2–2.4), hepatosomatic index (HSI = 0.9–1.1), viscerasomatic index (VSI = 7.5–9.5), and survival rates (SR = 82.2–100) with different FO substitution levels with CO. Similarly, there were no significant differences (p < 0.05) found in the whole-body composition except for the crude lipid content, and the highest value was observed in the control group (291 g/kg) compared to the other groups FO5CO1 (232 k/kg), FO4CO2 (212 g/kg), FO2CO4 (232 g/kg) and FO0CO6 (244 g/kg). Blood chemistry levels were not influenced in response to test diets: hematocrit (36–33%), glucose (Glu = 78.3–71.3 mg/dL), total protein (T-pro = 3.1–3.8 g/dL), total cholesterol (T-Chol = 196.0–241 mg/dL), blood urea nitrogen (BUN = 9.0–14.6 mg/dL), total bilirubin (T-Bil = 0.4–0.5 mg/dL), triglyceride (TG = 393.3–497.6 mg/dL), alanine aminotransferase test (ALT = 50–65.5 UL/L), aspartate aminotransferase test (AST = 38–69.3 UL/L). A remarkable modulation was observed in catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities in the liver, as CAT and SOD values were lower with the complete FO substitution with CO (0F6C), and the highest values were observed in the control and (4F2C). This study indicates that red seabream may have the ability to maintain LC-PUFAs between tissues and diets, and CO substitution of FO could improve both lipid metabolism and oxidation resistance as well as maintain digestibility. In conclusion, dietary FO can be replaced up to 100% or 95% by CO in the diets of red seabream as long as n-3 HUFA, EPA, and DHA are incorporated at the recommended level.

DOI： 10.3390/ani11071990

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Hindawi Limited  

<jats:p>In this paper, a mathematical model was used to evaluate a dynamical hybrid system for optimizing and controlling the efficacy of plant-based protein in aquafeeds. Fishmeal (FM), raw rapeseed meal (RM), and a fermented meal with yeast (RM-Yeast) and fungi (Aspergillus oryzae RM-Koji) were used as test ingredients for the determination of apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, energy, and essential amino acids (EAA) for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus, 7 ± 0.02 g) using diets containing 0.5% Cr2O3 as an inert indicator. Among all ingredients tested, FM had the maximum ADC of dry matter (<jats:inline-formula>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1">
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<mn>0.05</mn>
</math>
</jats:inline-formula>), protein (<jats:inline-formula>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M2">
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<mn>0.05</mn>
</math>
</jats:inline-formula>), lipid (<jats:inline-formula>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M3">
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>&gt;</mo>
<mn>0.05</mn>
</math>
</jats:inline-formula>), and energy (<jats:inline-formula>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M4">
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>&gt;</mo>
<mn>0.05</mn>
</math>
</jats:inline-formula>). Fermented meals (RM-Yeast and RM-Koji) showed higher ADC (<jats:inline-formula>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5">
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>&lt;</mo>
<mn>0.05</mn>
</math>
</jats:inline-formula>) of crude protein compared with RM, while there was no significance in ADCs of crude lipid and energy among different forms of rapeseed meal. Besides, ADC of crude lipid for RM-Yeast and RM-Koji, on the one hand, and ADC of gross energy for RM-Yeast, on the other hand, were not varied from that for FM (<jats:inline-formula>
<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M6">
<mi>P</mi>
<mo>&gt;</mo>
<mn>0.05</mn>
</math>
</jats:inline-formula>). Amino acid digestibility reflects protein digestibility in most cases. Interestingly, protease, lipase, and amylase activities were better expressed in RM-Koji, RM-Yeast, and FM over RM, respectively. The current results deliver important information on nutrients and energy bioavailability in raw and fermented RM, which can be implemented to accurately formulate applied feeds for olive flounder. Compared with other applicable systems, the complexity of the approach implemented has been considerably reduced.</jats:p>

DOI： 10.1155/2021/9957723

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Annals of Animal Science  

The beneficial effects of Bacillus subtilis C-3102 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae type 1 were tested in red sea bream (Pagrus major) feeds. A basal diet (control) and two other diets were prepared by supplementation with B. subtilis C-3102 (PB) or S. cerevisiae type 1 (PY). After 60 days, both probiotic-supplemented groups exhibited significant enhancement in growth performance, the protein efficiency ratio (PER), and digestive enzyme secretion (protease and amylase) compared to the control group (P<0.05). The anterior, middle, and posterior parts of the intestines exhibited significantly increased values of intestinal fold height (hF), enterocyte height (hE), and microvillus height (hMV) in fish fed PB-or PY-supplemented diets (P<0.05). Serum peroxidase, anti-protease, and bactericidal activities were enhanced significantly in both probiotic-treated groups compared to the control group (P<0.05). Serum and mucus lysozyme activities improved significantly in the PB group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Catalase activity was also significantly decreased in both probiotic groups, with relatively lower activity observed in the PY group (P<0.05). Both probiotic groups showed considerably increased tolerance to freshwater exposure (P<0.05). In conclusion, B. subtilis C-3102 and S. cerevisiae type 1 can be used as functional probiotics to enhance the growth performance, digestion capacity, gut morphology, immune response, and stress resistance of the red sea bream with relatively higher efficiency by B. subtilis C-3102.

DOI： 10.2478/aoas-2020-0075

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：Complexity  

In this paper, a mathematical model was used to evaluate a dynamical hybrid system for optimizing and controlling the efficacy of plant-based protein in aquafeeds. Fishmeal (FM), raw rapeseed meal (RM), and a fermented meal with yeast (RM-Yeast) and fungi (Aspergillus oryzae RM-Koji) were used as test ingredients for the determination of apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, energy, and essential amino acids (EAA) for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus, 7 ± 0.02 g) using diets containing 0.5% Cr2O3 as an inert indicator. Among all ingredients tested, FM had the maximum ADC of dry matter (P<0.05), protein (P<0.05), lipid (P>0.05), and energy (P>0.05). Fermented meals (RM-Yeast and RM-Koji) showed higher ADC (P<0.05) of crude protein compared with RM, while there was no significance in ADCs of crude lipid and energy among different forms of rapeseed meal. Besides, ADC of crude lipid for RM-Yeast and RM-Koji, on the one hand, and ADC of gross energy for RM-Yeast, on the other hand, were not varied from that for FM (P>0.05). Amino acid digestibility reflects protein digestibility in most cases. Interestingly, protease, lipase, and amylase activities were better expressed in RM-Koji, RM-Yeast, and FM over RM, respectively. The current results deliver important information on nutrients and energy bioavailability in raw and fermented RM, which can be implemented to accurately formulate applied feeds for olive flounder. Compared with other applicable systems, the complexity of the approach implemented has been considerably reduced.

DOI： 10.1155/2021/9957723

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掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

In this paper, a mathematical model was used to evaluate a dynamical hybrid system for optimizing and controlling the efficacy of plant-based protein in aquafeeds. Fishmeal (FM), raw rapeseed meal (RM), and a fermented meal with yeast (RM-Yeast) and fungi (Aspergillus oryzae RM-Koji) were used as test ingredients for the determination of apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, energy, and essential amino acids (EAA) for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus, 7 ± 0.02 g) using diets containing 0.5% Cr2O3 as an inert indicator. Among all ingredients tested, FM had the maximum ADC of dry matter (P<0.05), protein (P<0.05), lipid (P>0.05), and energy (P>0.05). Fermented meals (RM-Yeast and RM-Koji) showed higher ADC (P<0.05) of crude protein compared with RM, while there was no significance in ADCs of crude lipid and energy among different forms of rapeseed meal. Besides, ADC of crude lipid for RM-Yeast and RM-Koji, on the one hand, and ADC of gross energy for RM-Yeast, on the other hand, were not varied from that for FM (P>0.05). Amino acid digestibility reflects protein digestibility in most cases. Interestingly, protease, lipase, and amylase activities were better expressed in RM-Koji, RM-Yeast, and FM over RM, respectively. The current results deliver important information on nutrients and energy bioavailability in raw and fermented RM, which can be implemented to accurately formulate applied feeds for olive flounder. Compared with other applicable systems, the complexity of the approach implemented has been considerably reduced.

DOI： 10.1155/2021/9957723

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担当区分：最終著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/asj.13291

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Warm Regional Society of Animal Science, Japan  

<p>Dry-heat-processed sweet potato waste (D-SPW) was evaluated as a broiler feed. Sixteen 14-day old broiler chicks were divided into control and D-SPW groups and received starter diet (14 to 28 d; CP, 20%; ME, 13.0 MJ/kg) and grower-finisher diet (29 to 42 d; CP, 18%; ME, 13.0 MJ/kg). The D-SPW group fed on the starter diet containing 28.4% D-SPW and the grower-finisher diet containing 25.5% D-SPW. Except for lipids, the nutrient metabolizabilities of the D-SPW group were lower than those of the control group. There were no significant differences in growth performance between the two groups. The pH values of breast and leg muscles were higher in the D-SPW group than those in the control group at 1 and 48 h postmortem. Color values of yellowness of the muscles and abdominal fat tissues were lower in the D-SPW group than in the control group, indicating that meat yellowness was most susceptible to D-SPW. On the other hand, the effect of D-SPW on lightness and redness were limited. The lipid contents of the muscles were higher in the D-SPW group than in the control group. Therefore, a feed incorporating D-SPW is available for broilers instead of using corn.</p>

DOI： 10.11461/jwaras.62.107

担当区分：筆頭著者,　最終著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.4995/wrs.2018.5917