記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics  

Background: Hearing impairment (HI) is associated with dementia. However, the cognitive screening tasks effective in older community dwellers presenting with HI are unclear. Methods: We retrospectively and cross-sectionally investigated the associations between HI and cognitive function assessed with screening tasks using data from two healthcare check-up programs for community dwellers ≥65 years old in 2018. We examined demographics, risk factors, cognitive function, hearing condition, lifestyles, and self-care levels. Cognitive function was assessed using the clock drawing task and the delayed three words recall task. Hearing condition was assessed using questionnaires on the use of hearing aids and HI during conversation situations. Multivariate analysis was used to identify independent associations between HI and cognitive assessment tasks. Results: We analyzed 1602 eligible participants (61.9% women; 74.3 ± 6.5 years old). Hearing aid users (n = 90) were older (80 vs. 73 years, respectively; p < 0.001) and less likely to draw the clock correctly (71.1% vs. 80.1% years, respectively; p = 0.044) than non-hearing aid users. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that HI was associated with inability to draw the clock correctly (odds ratio 1.60, 95% confidence interval 1.12–2.26; p = 0.011), independent of age, living alone, memory impairment, and impaired self-care levels. Conclusion: Hearing impairment is independently associated with cognitive decline assessed by the clock drawing task. The clock drawing task may be useful for identifying an increased risk of dementia in older subjects presenting with HI.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archger.2020.104302

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：鹿児島大学医学部保健学科  

地域コホート研究(垂水研究2018)のデータを用いて、地域在住高齢者における社会的フレイルとうつ傾向との関連について横断観察研究を行った。対象は研究に対する同意が得られた65歳以上の地域在住高齢者859名であった。最終的に社会的フレイルの有無および高齢者用うつ尺度短縮版(GDS15)、その他基本属性に欠損のない812名(男性304名、女性508名、平均年齢74.8歳)を有効回答とし分析対象とした。対象者のうち社会的フレイルを有する者は112名(13.8%)であった。社会的フレイルを有する者は社会的フレイルを有しない者と比較し、高齢で、GDS15の点数は高く、歩行速度、握力が低下していた。社会的フレイルを有する者でうつ傾向のある者は37名(33.0%)で、社会的フレイルを有さない者でうつ傾向のある者90名(12.9%)と比較して有意に高い割合であった。ロジスティック回帰分析の結果からも社会的フレイルはうつ傾向と関連していることが示された。

担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health  

Health literacy is important for promoting and maintaining good health in old-old adults. It may influence the implementation of exercise in the coronavirus disease epidemic. The present cross-sectional study investigated the association of each dimension of health literacy with the implementation of exercise during the declaration of a state of emergency due to coronavirus disease in community-dwelling old-old adults. We collected data from 483 community-dwelling old-old adults (52.8% women) aged between 77 and 99 years who participated in a mail survey. Participants were divided into exercise or nonexercise groups based on the implementation of exercise during the declaration of a state of emergency. Health literacy was assessed using a 14-item health literacy scale. There were 327 (67.7%) participants in the exercise group and 156 (32.3%) in the nonexercise group. A significantly higher score of health literacy was observed in the exercise group than in the nonexercise group (communicative health literacy score = 14.0 ± 3.6 vs. 12.7 ± 3.8, p = 0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for potential confounders, high communicative health literacy scores were significantly associated with the implementation of exercise during the declaration of a state of emergency (odds ratio = 1.88, 95% confidence interval = 1.20–2.93). Approximately two-thirds of community-dwelling old-old adults implement exercise during the declaration of a state of emergency. High communicative health literacy was associated with the implementation of exercise during this period.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph18042100

Scopus

PubMed

担当区分：最終著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Rejuvenation Research  

During the last three decades, Japan has become one of the world's top countries for longevity, and the increase in average life expectancy is accompanied by a sharp rise in older population 65 years of age and above to ∼28%. This study aimed to examine the changes in major health-related measures, including a physical constitution, physical function, and functional capacity of community-dwelling Japanese older people in the last decade. From the data of 13 longitudinal cohort studies on aging conducted in Japan with a total of 13,441 older subjects, this study analyzed the changes in six indices that are related to health and functioning of the older people; height, weight, body mass index, walking speed, grip strength, and instrumental activity of daily living, between 2007 (±2 years) and 2017 (±2 years). Comparison of data for the two periods between subjects matched for age group and gender evidently showed better health status and a slower decline in most of the health-related measures in 2017 compared to a decade ago. The results of this study indicate that the phenomenon of "rejuvenation"is occurring among the new generation of Japanese older adults, and the importance of this older population as a social resource in the super-aged society should be reacknowledged.

DOI： 10.1089/rej.2019.2291

Scopus

PubMed

担当区分：責任著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Geriatrics and Gerontology International  

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.14655

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本予防理学療法学会  

DOI： 10.57304/jptp.jptp-k-23-00002

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Gait and Posture  

Background: Walking is the most important mode of human locomotion; however, the ability to walk often decreases with age. Age-related differences in lower-limb kinematics during gait may differ depending on sex. However, the question of the compounded effects of age and sex on gait kinematics remains unsolved. Research question: The present study aimed to clarify the interaction between age and sex in differences in gait kinematics of community-dwelling middle-age and older individuals. Methods: This study included 836 community-dwelling middle-age and older adults (61.8 % female). Joint motion during comfortable gait was measured using magnetic and inertial measurement units. Hip, knee, and ankle joint angles were calculated in the sagittal plane. Participants were divided into four groups according to age: 50–59, 60–69, 70–79, and 80–89 years. The interaction of sex and age on spatiotemporal gait parameters and the peak value of joint angles was analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test. Results: Gait speed (F = 43.92, P < 0.001), step length (F = 73.00, P < 0.001), hip extension (F = 12.89, P = 0.002), knee flexion (F = 39.99, P < 0.001), and ankle plantar flexion (F = 27.43, P < 0.001) significantly decreased with age. Significant differences according to sex were observed in all parameters except gait speed. Significant age and sex interaction effects were observed for knee flexion (F = 4.97, P = 0.002) and ankle dorsiflexion (F = 4.04, P = 0.007). Significance: A significant interaction effect of age and sex was observed for peak angle of knee flexion and ankle dorsiflexion during gait. In particular, the knee flexion angle among females during gait began to decrease from 60 years of age, and the decreasing trend was faster and more prominent than that among males.

DOI： 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.05.009

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases  

Objectives: We aimed to determine if achieving a 10-m walk target within the first week of stroke onset correlates with independent outdoor walking at discharge and discharge to home for patients with stroke. Materials and methods: This study included 226 patients transferred to the subacute rehabilitation hospital (SRH) between January 2018 and March 2021. Data obtained from hospital records included age, sex, stroke type, lesion side, body mass index, presence of acute treatment, length of days from onset to physical therapy intervention, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, length of hospital stay, Functional Independence Measure score, and the ability to complete the 10 m walk target within the first week of stroke onset. The primary outcomes were independent outdoor walking ability and discharge destination from the SRH. A logistic regression analysis was performed to determine if the 10 m walking ability correlated with the outdoor walking ability and discharge destination. Results: Compared with the inability to walk 10 m, walking 10 m independently walking within the first week of stroke onset correlated with the ability to walk independently outdoors at discharge (odds ratio [OR]: 4.38, p = 0.003) and being discharged home (OR: 4.52, p = 0.002), whereas, walking 10 m with assistance was associated with being discharged home (OR: 3.09, p = 0.043). Conclusions: The ability to walk 10 m within the first week of stroke onset may be a helpful marker for prognosis.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107145

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本老年医学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本老年医学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本老年医学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本老年医学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本老年医学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本老年医学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本老年医学会  

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本老年医学会  

<p>COVID-19の流行拡大によって，地域でのサロンや通いの場などの互助活動は多大な制約を受ける状況となった．フレイルの入口となり得る社会とのつながりが損なわれる事態が懸念される一方で，運動教室を通じて社会交流の活性や社会活動が促進される事例も経験される．感染症の拡大防止と並行して，社会面からのフレイル対策として新たなコミュニケーションツールの活用を含めた社会とのつながりや自助による健康増進も再考していく必要がある．</p>

DOI： 10.3143/geriatrics.60.127

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：保健医療学学会  

<p>【目的】</p><p>任天堂Wii^Ⓡ(以下，WiiⓇ)は活用の用途が拡大しリハビリテ-ション(以下，リハ)に応用されるが，脳腫瘍患者を対象にした報告は限られている．今回，脳腫瘍患者に対するWii^Ⓡリハの有効性を評価することを目的とした．</p><p>【方法】</p><p>PubMed, Cochrane Library，医学中央雑誌の各電子データベースとハンドサーチを用いたスコーピングレビューを行った．対象期間は2006年～2021年，言語は日本語と英語とした．</p><p>【結果】</p><p>検索された155件から3件が選択された．Wii^Ⓡリハは脳腫瘍患者の身体機能やADL，身体活動への動機づけ，入院環境からの気晴らしについて有効であることが示唆された．</p><p>【結論】</p><p>Wii^Ⓡリハは脳腫瘍患者の身体機能やADL，精神面を改善する可能性が示唆された一方，選択されたのは3件のみで，いずれも研究デザインの側面でWii^Ⓡリハの有効性を明示するには不十分であった．さらに厳密なデザインの介入研究により効果を検証することが望ましい．</p>

DOI： 10.15563/jalliedhealthsci.14.45

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：保健医療学学会  

【目的】任天堂Wii(以下,Wii)は活用の用途が拡大しリハビリテーション(以下,リハ)に応用されるが,脳腫瘍患者を対象にした報告は限られている.今回,脳腫瘍患者に対するWiiリハの有効性を評価することを目的とした.【方法】PubMed,Cochrane Library,医学中央雑誌の各電子データベースとハンドサーチを用いたスコーピングレビューを行った.対象期間は2006年～2021年,言語は日本語と英語とした.【結果】検索された155件から3件が選択された.Wiiリハは脳腫瘍患者の身体機能やADL,身体活動への動機づけ,入院環境からの気晴らしについて有効であることが示唆された.【結論】Wiiリハは脳腫瘍患者の身体機能やADL,精神面を改善する可能性が示唆された一方,選択されたのは3件のみで,いずれも研究デザインの側面でWiiリハの有効性を明示するには不十分であった.さらに厳密なデザインの介入研究により効果を検証することが望ましい.(著者抄録)

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本老年医学会  

COVID-19の流行拡大によって,地域でのサロンや通いの場などの互助活動は多大な制約を受ける状況となった.フレイルの入口となり得る社会とのつながりが損なわれる事態が懸念される一方で,運動教室を通じて社会交流の活性や社会活動が促進される事例も経験される.感染症の拡大防止と並行して,社会面からのフレイル対策として新たなコミュニケーションツールの活用を含めた社会とのつながりや自助による健康増進も再考していく必要がある.(著者抄録)

その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/default/link?pub_year=2023&ichushi_jid=J01214&link_issn=&doc_id=20230529130005&doc_link_id=10.3143%2Fgeriatrics.60.127&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3143%2Fgeriatrics.60.127&type=J-STAGE&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00007_3.gif

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本産業衛生学会  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of the American Medical Directors Association  

Objectives: This study aimed to clarify the association between changes in satisfaction with meaningful activities and the occurrence of depressive symptoms before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Design: A population-based prospective cohort study (Tarumizu Study). Setting and Participants: A total of 231 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years without depressive symptoms at baseline. Methods: The participants completed baseline (June to December 2018, before the COVID-19 pandemic) and follow-up (September to December 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic) assessments. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and defined by a GDS-15 score of ≥5. Participants selected meaningful activities from the 95 activities included in the Aid for Decision-Making in Occupation Choice, and their satisfaction levels were evaluated. Satisfaction with the most meaningful activities was assessed as to whether it was maintained/improved or decreased at follow-up. Results: In the follow-up survey, 31 (14.3%) participants reported the occurrence of depressive symptoms. Compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic, the rates of meaningful activities during the COVID-19 pandemic decreased for interpersonal interaction and social life and increased for leisure, sports, self-care, and domestic life. Logistic regression analysis revealed that changes in satisfaction with meaningful activity were associated with the occurrence of depressive symptoms after adjusting for demographic variables, baseline GDS scores, cognitive and physical status, and instrumental activities of daily living (odds ratio, 2.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–6.59, P = .020). Conclusions and Implications: To avoid decreasing satisfaction with meaningful activities, supporting older adults may be protective against the occurrence of depressive symptoms. Our findings highlight the need for health care professionals to not only encourage older adults to participate in activities for their mental health but also consider whether the activities are meaningful or satisfying for them.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.03.010

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本地域理学療法学会  

【目的】地域理学療法の標準化されたアウトカム評価指標(Standardized Outcome Measures: SOM)の作成・普及に向け,アウトカム評価指標の使用状況と必要条件,および障壁を調査することを目的とした.【方法】日本地域理学療法学会会員の中で要介護認定者への通所,訪問,施設サービスに従事する者を対象にwebアンケートを実施した.【結果】回答数は188名.アウトカム評価指標の使用に対して83.5%は重要と認識している一方,日常的に使用している者は44.7%であった.必要条件としては,尺度特性で信頼性や変化の検出可能性,測定方法で評価に必要な準備物や金銭的負担,実施時間が各々上位2つであった.また,障壁としては,教育不足や仲間と話す機会の不足が上位2つであった.【結論】アウトカム評価指標への重要性に対する認識と実際の使用状況との間に乖離を認めた.アウトカム評価指標の日常的な使用に至るには,実用性を考慮したSOMの作成と地域理学療法に特徴的な障壁に対処していく必要があると考える.(著者抄録)

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Psychogeriatrics  

Background: It has been shown that involvement in religious activities has a positive impact on psychological aspects. In this study, the relationship between grave visitation, a standard religious activity in Japan, and depression and apathy symptoms was investigated among older adults in Japan. Methods: A total of 638 older adults who participated in a community-based health check survey (Tarumizu Study 2019) were interviewed regarding the presence or absence of grave visitation, frequency, travel time, means of transportation, and flower offerings. Apathy and depressive symptoms were measured using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). The participants were categorised into three grave visitation groups, namely, frequent (more than once per week), occasional (less than once per week), and non-visiting. Outcomes were compared between the frequency groups, and Poisson regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between grave visitation frequency and apathy and depression. Results: Of the participants, 91.8% reported regular grave visitation. The non-visiting group had a significantly higher prevalence of apathy symptoms (44.2%) than the visiting groups. Furthermore, using the frequent group as the reference, Poisson regression analysis adjusted for potential covariates demonstrated that no grave visitation was significantly related to apathy (prevalence ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–2.05, P = 0.049). Conclusions: Not practising grave visitation was significantly related to apathy among older adults. Helping older adults to visit graves may prevent apathy by facilitating motivation and increasing activity.

DOI： 10.1111/psyg.12945

Scopus

PubMed

その他リンク： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/psyg.12945

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Experimental Gerontology  

Aim: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effects of low-intensity resistance training on knee extension strength with respect to intensity, frequency, duration and training site in community-dwelling older adults. Methods: A literature search was conducted for articles published up to December 2018 on PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), OTseeker and Ichushi-Web. Randomized controlled trials involving resistance training with <60 % one repetition maximum (1RM) in community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and older were eligible. Results: In total, 7 studies involving 275 participants were included in the meta-analysis. The results showed significant improvements in knee extension strength with low-intensity resistance training [standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.62, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.32 to 0.91]. In subgroup analyses, significant improvements were observed in the group with intensity at 50–60 % 1RM (0.83, 0.46 to 1.19), but not in the group at 40 % or less 1RM (0.30, 95%CI: −0.08 to 0.68). Concerning frequency, there were significant improvements in knee strength for those receiving training three times (0.90, 0.52 to 1.27) and two times (0.36, 0.03 to 0.69) per week, with a significant difference between the groups (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Low-intensity resistance training should be considered as an effective intervention to improve knee extension strength in community-dwelling older adults. Older adults may show more improvement in knee extension strength if intensity of the training is set at 50–60 % 1RM and frequency of training is three times per week.

DOI： 10.1016/j.exger.2022.112041

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health  

This study aimed to characterize cognitive function examined using Cognitive-related Behavioral Assessment (CBA) in activities of daily living (ADLs). According to CBA severity at discharge, 791 patients were assigned to five groups (most severe, severe, moderate, mild, and normal). The total scores for Functional Independence Measure (FIM) motor items were compared for each group. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to clarify the association between CBA severity and independence in ADL items. Independence in each ADL according to CBA severity was 0–4.8%, 26.8–45.0%, 84.3–91.0%, and 97.2–100% for all ADLs in the most severe to severe, moderate, mild, and normal groups, respectively. Significant differences were found in the FIM motor score according to CBA severity between the groups (p < 0.01). A mild or normal CBA was associated with a higher odds ratio (OR) for dressing the upper body (OR = 21.90; 95% confidence interval (CI), 13.50–35.70), bladder management (OR = 11.60; 95% CI, 7.21–18.60), transfers to the bed/chair/wheelchair (OR = 18.30; 95% CI, 11.40–29.40), transfers to the toilet (OR = 18.30; 95% CI, 11.40–29.30), and walking (OR = 6.60; 95% CI, 10.60–26.10). A CBA severity greater than mild (23 points) was associated with independence in ADLs that are important for discharge to home.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph20043005

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health  

In general, the perception of behavior change may be associated with habitual exercise. However, this association might not be well-understood due to the state of emergency of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study collected data from 1499 internet users aged 20–86 years living in Japan who participated in the online survey from 26 to 27 February 2021. Having a perception of behavior change was defined as preparation, action, and maintenance of the transtheoretical model. The habitual exercise was defined as 600 metabolic equivalent min/week or more based on the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate the odds ratio of habitual exercise and a 95% confidence interval was estimated after adjusting for related factors. We found that perception of behavior change was positively associated with habitual exercise (adjusted odds ratio = 2.41, 95%CI = 1.89–3.08), and similar associations were found in states of emergency (2.69, 1.97–3.69) and non-emergency (2.01, 1.34–3.01). Moreover, women were negatively associated in all analyses with habitual exercise compared to men (0.63, 0.49–0.80; 0.65, 0.44–0.96; 0.62, and 0.45–0.84, respectively). Thus, the perception of behavior change may be involved in the implementation of habitual exercise, suggesting that women face difficulties in engaging in habitual exercise.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph20010356

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本地域理学療法学会  

<p>【目的】地域理学療法の標準化されたアウトカム評価指標（Standardized Outcome Measures: SOM）の作成・普及に向け，アウトカム評価指標の使用状況と必要条件，および障壁を調査することを目的とした．【方法】日本地域理学療法学会会員の中で要介護認定者への通所，訪問，施設サービスに従事する者を対象にwebアンケートを実施した．【結果】回答数は188名．アウトカム評価指標の使用に対して83.5％は重要と認識している一方，日常的に使用している者は44.7％であった．必要条件としては，尺度特性で信頼性や変化の検出可能性，測定方法で評価に必要な準備物や金銭的負担，実施時間が各々上位2つであった．また，障壁としては，教育不足や仲間と話す機会の不足が上位2つであった．【結論】アウトカム評価指標への重要性に対する認識と実際の使用状況との間に乖離を認めた．アウトカム評価指標の日常的な使用に至るには，実用性を考慮したSOMの作成と地域理学療法に特徴的な障壁に対処していく必要があると考える．</p>

DOI： 10.57351/jjccpt.jjccpt22004

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本運動器理学療法学会  

DOI： 10.57281/jofmpt.3.s60

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health  

Older adults are more likely to have age-related sleep problems, which may result in the reduction of cognitive functions. This study was designed to examine the relationship between sleep onset problem and subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) among community-dwelling older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. In this study, 186 older adults aged 65 and above were enrolled and were instructed to respond to an online survey. This survey comprised questions regarding sleep quality (four items such as sleep duration, use of sleep medication), SCC (six domains), and sociodemographic information (eight items such as age, gender, stress condition). We classified the participants into two groups according to the presence or absence of sleep onset problem and examined the relationship between each SCC domain. The sleep onset problem (+) (n = 70) group had significantly higher frequency of scheduled memory decline, misplacement, disorientation in time, word recall decline, and forgetfulness. Furthermore, the sleep onset problem affected the participants’ scheduled memory after adjusted for potential covariates (OR, 2.28; 95%CI, 1.13–4.73; p = 0.02). Older adults with sleep onset problem may need to be evaluated for SCC and supported in term of both sleep status and SCC.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph20010156

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本予防理学療法学会  

<p>【はじめに、目的】</p><p>勤労者の健康上の問題として腰痛があり、腰痛はプレゼンティーズム（健康上の問題による労働遂行能力の低下）を引き起こす要因のひとつとされている。COVID-19の流行はテレワークの導入など働き方に大きな変化をもたらしており、勤労者の腰痛やプレゼンティーズムに影響を与えている可能性がある。これらを検討し対策に結び付けることは産業理学療法の領域において重要である。本研究はCOVID-19流行前後における勤労者の腰痛の変化とプレゼンティーズムとの関連を明らかにすることを目的とした。</p><p>【方法】</p><p>本研究は、2020年10月に実施したオンライン調査による横断研究である。40-64歳の勤労者1865名（平均年齢49.6 ± 6.6歳、女性29.1%）を解析対象とした。腰痛の変化は、COVID-19流行以降に痛くなり始めた、悪くなった、変化しなかった、良くなった、腰痛なしから択一式にて調査した。痛くなり始めた、悪くなったと回答した者を腰痛悪化とした。労働生産性はWork Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaireを使用し、2019年10月、2020年10月の2時点におけるプレゼンティーズムを評価した。プレゼンティーズムを0点（仕事への影響なし）から10点（完全な仕事の妨げ）の11段階で評価し、先行研究に準じて1点以上をプレゼンティーズムありとした。COVID-19流行前の2019年10月時点でプレゼンティーズムなしの1328名（流行前プレゼンティーズムなし群）と同時点でプレゼンティーズムありの537名（流行前プレゼンティーズムあり群）の2群に分類した。コロナ禍の2020年10月時点でプレゼンティーズムのスコアが上昇していれば、流行前プレゼンティーズムなし群はプレゼンティーズム発生、流行前プレゼンティーズムあり群はプレゼンティーズム悪化とした。各群で従属変数を2020年時点でのプレゼンティーズム発生あるいは悪化、独立変数を腰痛悪化とし、腰痛の変化とプレゼンティーズムとの関連を検討した。共変量には年齢、性別、独居、教育歴、うつ病の既往、産業分類、勤務形態の変化（テレワーク）を投入した。</p><p>【結果】</p><p>流行前プレゼンティーズムなし群の102名（7.7%）に腰痛悪化、117名（8.8%）にプレゼンティーズム発生を認めた。また、流行前プレゼンティーズムあり群の107名（19.9%）に腰痛悪化、139名（25.9%）にプレゼンティーズム悪化を認めた。共変量で調整したロジスティック回帰分析の結果、それぞれの群において腰痛悪化は独立して2020年時点のプレゼンティーズム発生（OR：4.26、95%CI：2.41-7.52）あるいは悪化（OR：1.80、95%CI：1.07-3.01）と有意に関連していた。</p><p>【結論】</p><p>COVID-19の流行は一部の勤労者の腰痛を悪化させている可能性があり、腰痛悪化とプレゼンティーズムとの関連が示唆された。今後は感染症流行下において、身体機能や人間工学の知識を有する理学療法士が腰痛対策を行うことの有効性を検証する必要がある。</p><p>【倫理的配慮、説明と同意】</p><p>本研究は、ヘルシンキ宣言および人を対象とする医学系研究に関する倫理指針に基づき、対象者のプライバシーおよび個人情報の保護、研究内容について十分に説明し対象者から同意を得た。また、鹿児島大学疫学研究等倫理委員会からの承認（200101）を得て実施した。</p>

DOI： 10.57304/jsptpsuppl.1.suppl.no.1.0_55

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本予防理学療法学会  

<p>【はじめに、目的】</p><p>フレイルは、身体的、精神・心理的、社会的といった多様な側面を持ち、可逆性を有することが知られている。社会的フレイルは身体・認知機能の低下より先行して起こるとされているが、社会的フレイルの変化に対して身体機能や認知機能が影響をおよぼす可能性がある。本研究は、地域在住高齢者を対象に筋量、握力、認知機能が社会的フレイルの変化におよぼす影響を調査することを目的とした。</p><p>【方法】</p><p>本研究は、2018年および2019年の地域健康チェック（垂水研究）の両方に参加した65歳以上の高齢者のうち、1回目の測定から2回目の測定まで8～16ヵ月経過（平均345.7±47.9日）している者を対象とした。さらに主要項目に欠損がなく、要介護認定を受けている者を除外した422名（平均年齢 73.8歳、女性64.2%）を解析した。社会的フレイル判定は5 項目（独居、昨年より外出頻度の減少、友人の家を訪ねていない、家族や友人の役に立っていない、誰とも毎日会話をしていない）にて回答を求め、該当数が1項目以下をロバスト、2項目以上を社会的フレイルとした。筋量は、生体電気インピーダンス法にて測定し、四肢骨格筋指数が男性7.0 kg/m ²、女性5.7kg/m ²未満を筋量低下とした。握力は、男性28kg、女性18kg未満を 握力低下とした。認知機能は、NCGG-FATで記憶、注意機能、実行機能、情報処理速度を測定し、年齢と教育歴を考慮した標準値より1.5SD以上の低下を1つ以上の領域で認めた者を認知機能低下とした。</p><p>【結果】</p><p>ベースライン時に社会的フレイルがロバストであった者（369名）のうち、社会的フレイルに移行した割合は11.1%であった。また、ベースライン時に社会的フレイルであった者（53名）のうち、ロバストへ改善した割合は34.0%であった。従属変数をロバストからの低下の有無、独立変数を筋量低下、握力低下、認知機能低下としたロジスティック回帰分析の結果、筋量が低下している者はロバストから社会的フレイルへ移行する可能性が高いことが示された（調整済オッズ比2.19、95%信頼区間1.11-4.29、共変量：年齢、性別）。従属変数を社会的フレイルからの改善の有無としたロジスティック回帰分析では、すべての独立変数に有意差は認めなかった。</p><p>【結論】</p><p>約1年間において、ロバストから社会的フレイルに移行した者は、筋量が低下している者が多く、筋量を高めておくことは社会的フレイルの予防につながる可能性がある。また、社会的フレイルからロバストへ改善した者と社会的フレイルのままだった者では、筋量・握力・認知機能に差がみられず、理学療法においても心身機能に対するアプローチだけでなく、社会的なつながりを促すことによって、社会的フレイルを改善できるかもしれない。</p><p>【倫理的配慮，説明と同意】</p><p>鹿児島大学疫学研究等倫理委員会の承認（170351疫）を得て実施した。ヘルシンキ宣言に基づき、対象者には研究内容について口頭と書面にて説明し同意を得た。</p>

DOI： 10.57304/jsptpsuppl.1.suppl.no.2.0_8

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本予防理学療法学会  

<p>【はじめに、目的】</p><p>座位行動（Sedentary Behavior：以下、SB）は、エネルギー消費量が1.5METs 以下の覚醒行動であり、SBの蓄積は非感染性疾患の発生や死亡率の増加など、様々な有害事象と関連する。昨今、活動量計を使用し、座位中断回数（以下、Break数）や1回当たりのSBの連続量（以下、SB Bout）など、より詳細なSBの様式を分析した研究が報告されている。SB時間の延長は、サルコペニアのリスクを増大させることが報告されているが、これまでは質問紙にてSB時間を評価した研究が多く、活動量計にて評価される詳細なSBの様式とサルコペニアの関係性は不明な点が多い。これらが明らかとなれば、サルコペニアの新たな対策の知見となる可能性がある。本研究では、サルコペニアに対するBreak数と長時間SB Boutの関係性について検討した。</p><p>【方法】</p><p>地域コホート研究（垂水研究2018）の参加者において、三軸加速度計（HJA-750C Active style Pro オムロンヘルスケア社）にて活動量を計測した地域在住高齢者265名のうち、主要データに欠損がなく基準を満たした208名（74.7±5.9歳、女性59.3%）を対象とした。活動量データの有効基準は週4日以上かつ1日10時間以上とし、活動量の評価項目は、SB時間（分/日）、中高強度身体活動（以下、MVPA）時間（分/日）、Break数（回/座位1時間）、30分以上SB Bout 数、60分以上SB Bout数（いずれも回/日）とした。計測機器の装着時間（分/日）も計測した。サルコペニアは四肢骨格筋指数、握力、歩行速度にて判定した。統計解析は、サルコペニア群と非サルコペニア群の2群間比較を実施した。また、サルコペニアの有無を従属変数、Break数と30分以上、60分以上のSB Bout数を独立変数とした3通りのロジスティック回帰分析を行った。共変量は年齢、性別、MVPA時間とした。</p><p>【結果】</p><p>対象者のサルコペニアの割合は17.3%であった。マンホイットニー検定の結果、Break数は非サルコペニア群7.9（6.3 ‐9.4）回、サルコペニア群6.7（4.7-8.1）回であり、非サルコペニア群が有意に多く（p＜0.01）、60分以上SB Bout数は非サルコペニア群0.9（0.6-1.3）回、サルコペニア群1.4（0.8-1.6）回と有意にサルコペニア群の回数が多かった（p＜0.01）。ロジスティック回帰分析の結果、Break数とサルコペニアの関連は、オッズ比0.81（95%CI：0.68-0.95）、60分以上SB Bout数とサルコペニアの関連は、オッズ比2.08（95%CI：1.27-3.47）であり、いずれも有意にサルコペニアと関連していた。30分以上SB Bout数はサルコペニアと有意な関連を認めなかった。</p><p>【結論】</p><p>MVPA時間と独立して、1時間当たりの座位中断回数と60分以上連続する座位行動の回数はサルコペニアと関連していた。高齢者のサルコペニアに対する理学療法を講じる上で身体活動量の増大は重要であるが、日常生活における座位行動の中断や縮減に着目した指導・介入が重要である事が示唆された。</p><p>【倫理的配慮，説明と同意】</p><p>鹿児島大学疫学研究等倫理委員会の承認（170351疫）を得て実施した。ヘルシンキ宣言に基づき、対象者には研究内容について口頭と書面にて説明し同意を得た。</p>

DOI： 10.57304/jsptpsuppl.1.suppl.no.2.0_4

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本予防理学療法学会  

<p>【はじめに、目的】</p><p>サルコペニアは転倒や死亡のリスクを増大させる要因であり、サルコペニアの危険因子のひとつには糖尿病が挙げられる。血糖値が糖尿病の基準には満たないが、正常より高い状態は前糖尿病と分類され、前糖尿病は糖尿病へ進行するリスクが高い。サルコペニアの割合はHbA1c値に比例して増加すると報告されており、前糖尿病の段階からサルコペニアの診断基準である筋量、筋力、身体機能が低下している可能性がある。これらを検討することは早期から機能低下を把握する上で重要である。本研究では、地域在住高齢者における前糖尿病および糖尿病と筋量、筋力、身体機能の関係を検討した。</p><p>【方法】</p><p>地域コホート研究（垂水研究2019）に参加した地域在住高齢者687名のうち、脳卒中、認知症の既往、要介護認定者を除く609名（平均74.0±6.3歳、女性62.1%）を対象とした。基礎情報として、年齢、性別、内服数、糖尿病の病歴を聴取した。四肢骨格筋指数（生体電気インピーダンス法）、握力、5回椅子立ち上がりテスト、HbA1c値を測定した。HbA1c値が5.7%未満を非糖尿病群、5.7～6.4%を前糖尿病群とし、6.5%以上または糖尿病の既往がある者を糖尿病群と分類した。四肢骨格筋指数は男性7.0kg/m ²未満、女性5.7kg/m ²未満を筋量低下、握力は男性28kg未満、女性18kg未満を筋力低下とした。また、5回椅子立ち上がりテストは12秒以上を身体機能低下とした。筋量低下、筋力低下、身体機能低下のそれぞれを従属変数とし、糖尿病分類（非糖尿病群、前糖尿病群、糖尿病群）を独立変数としたロジスティック回帰分析を行った。共変量は年齢、性別、多剤併用の有無および筋量低下の有無、筋力低下の有無または身体機能低下の有無とした。</p><p>【結果】</p><p>前糖尿病および糖尿病を有する者の割合はそれぞれ25.0%、15.1% であった。各群における筋量低下の割合は、非糖尿病群40.5%、前糖尿病群33.6%、糖尿病群23.9%であった。筋力低下の割合は、非糖尿病群20.3%、前糖尿病群25.7％、糖尿病群32.6%であった。また、身体機能低下の割合は、非糖尿病群6.6%、前糖尿病群7.9%、糖尿病群14.1%であった。非糖尿病群と比較して前糖尿病群では筋力低下のオッズ比が1.70（95%信頼区間：1.02-2.82）と有意に高かった。非糖尿病群と比較して糖尿病群では筋量低下のオッズ比が0.37（95%信頼区間：0.20-0.69）と有意に低かった。また、糖尿病群では筋力低下のオッズ比が2.10（95%信頼区間：1.15-3.85）、身体機能低下のオッズ比が2.28（95%信頼区間：1.00-5.17）と有意に高かった。</p><p>【結論】</p><p>非糖尿病の者と比較して、前糖尿病を有する者では筋力が低下しており、糖尿病を有する者では筋量は保持しているが、筋力および身体機能が低下していることが示唆された。筋力低下や身体機能低下は将来の日常生活動作能力の低下に影響するため、前糖尿病や糖尿病を有する者は早期から運動介入を検討することが必要だろう。</p><p>【倫理的配慮、説明と同意】</p><p>本研究は鹿児島大学疫学研究等倫理委員会の承認（170351疫）を得て実施した。ヘルシンキ宣言に基づき、対象者には研究内容について口頭と書面にて説明をし、同意を得た。</p>

DOI： 10.57304/jsptpsuppl.1.suppl.no.1.0_6

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本予防理学療法学会  

<p>【はじめに、目的】</p><p>新型コロナウイルス感染症（COVID-19）の流行下では様々な生活様式の変化が生じ、日常生活での活動制限により、身体の衰えを感じることが少なくない。とくに中年期での腰痛の発生は労働生産性の低下を招く危険があり、予防が重要であると考えられる。本研究では、中年者を対象として外出自粛の生活で自覚された身体の衰えが腰痛の発生に影響するかを検証することを目的とした。</p><p>【方法】</p><p>40歳以上のYahoo!クラウドソーシング登録者を対象に縦断的なインターネット調査を行った。初回調査（2020年10月19日～28日）で回答のあった3,000名に追跡調査（2022年4月8日～22日）を行い、1787名から回答が得られた。そのうち、取込基準を満たし、初回調査で腰痛を有していなかった40～59歳の中年者846名（平均49.0±5.2歳、女性35.0%）を分析対象とした。初回調査から18か月経過した追跡調査において、腰痛ありと回答した者を腰痛の発生とした。初回調査では2020年4月～5月に発出された緊急事態宣言等に伴う外出自粛の影響を受けて身体の衰えを感じるか否かを聴取し、外出自粛による身体の衰えの自覚の有無を判定した。初回調査時点での1日の座位時間（分／日）を国際標準化身体活動質問票で調 べた。コロナ禍での腰痛発生の有無と外出自粛による身体の衰えの自覚の有無をχ²検定で比較した。また、腰痛発生を従属変数、 外出自粛による身体の衰えの自覚の有無を独立変数としたロジスティック回帰分析を行い、オッズ比と95%信頼区間を算出した（年齢、性別、仕事の有無、BMI、座位時間を共変量）。</p><p>【結果】</p><p>18か月後の腰痛の発生者は74名（8.8%）であり、初回調査において外出自粛による身体の衰えの自覚を有する者は221名（26.1%）であった。腰痛の発生者における外出自粛による身体の衰えの自覚を有する者の割合は37.8%であり、腰痛の未発生者での25.0%と比較して有意に高い割合であった（p=0.02）。ロジスティック回帰分析の結果、腰痛の新規発生に対する外出自粛による身体の衰えの自覚ありの調整済みオッズ比は1.94（95%信頼区間1.17̶3.21）であり、コロナ禍での身体の衰えの自覚は将来の腰痛発生に有意に関連することが示された。</p><p>【結論】</p><p>コロナ禍の18か月間の追跡調査で、約1割の中年者で腰痛の発生が認められ、2020年4月頃の外出自粛生活で自覚された身体の衰えが腰痛の発生に関連していることが示唆された。腰痛発生を予防するうえで、自粛を余儀なくされる状況においても、心身機能の維持や生活習慣の改善等によって自覚される身体の健康観を維持することの重要性が確認された。腰痛の予防・改善を図るための理学療法評価および介入を行う上でコロナ渦における身体の衰えの自覚を加味することは有益であると考える。</p><p>【倫理的配慮，説明と同意】</p><p>鹿児島大学疫学研究等倫理審査委員会の承認を得た（承認番号：200101疫‐改1）。</p>

DOI： 10.57304/jsptpsuppl.1.suppl.no.2.0_17

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本動脈硬化学会  

65歳以上の地域住民を対象に、心臓足首血管指数(CAVI)と自己報告による睡眠の時間・質の関連性を横断的に調査した。2018～2019年に健康診断を受けた鹿児島県垂水市の高齢者コホート(垂水研究)から、65歳以上の997名(女性622名、年齢中央値74歳)を解析に組み入れた。睡眠時間で3群に分類した。その結果、睡眠時間が8時間以上であった長睡眠群は110名(女性56名、年齢中央値77歳)、6～8時間の中睡眠群は438名(女性269名、年齢中央値74歳)、6時間未満の短睡眠群は449名(女性297名、年齢中央値73歳)であった。この3群で平均CAVIを比較すると、長睡眠群では9.6±1.3となり、中睡眠群(9.1±1.2)または短睡眠群(9.1±1.1)よりも有意に高かった(P<0.001)。各種の因子(年齢、性別、収縮期血圧、現喫煙状態、BMI、運動頻度、学歴、フレイル、睡眠薬、睡眠の質、昼寝時間)で調整を行った多変量回帰分析の結果、長睡眠群のCAVIは中睡眠群よりも有意に高い(p=0.016)ことが証明された。こうした結果とは対照的に、睡眠の質とCAVIの有意な関連性は示されなかった。本解析結果から、高齢者では睡眠時間が長いことが動脈硬化度と相関し、睡眠の質は相関しないことが示唆された。

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health  

Patients with heart disease are more likely to experience social frailty due to physical inactivity, which may affect meaningful activities such as hobbies. This study aimed to investigate (1) the association between heart disease and social frailty in community-dwelling older adults and (2) the characteristics of meaningful activities in community-dwelling older adults with heart disease. Data from 630 older adults who participated in a community-based health survey were obtained, including clinical history, meaningful activities, social frailty and psychosomatic functions. Participants were divided into two groups: those with heart disease (n = 79) and those without (n = 551), and comparisons were made. Social frailty was observed in 23.7% of participants with heart disease, and logistic regression revealed significant associations with heart disease and social frailty after adjusting for potential covariates (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.06 3.67; p = 0.032). Participants with heart disease did not differ significantly in terms of satisfaction or performance; their frequency of engagement in meaningful activities was significantly lower than without heart disease (p = 0.041). These results suggest that heart disease and social frailty are associated in community-dwelling older adults, and that this demographic is inclined to engage in meaningful activities less frequently.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph192215167

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation  

Objectives: This study aimed to systematically analyze the efficacy of therapeutic exercise on activities of daily living (ADL) and cognitive function among older residents in long-term care facilities. Data Sources: PubMed, Cochrane Central of Register Trials, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, OTseeker, and Ichushi-Web were searched from inception until December 2018. Study Selection: Databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of therapeutic exercise for long-term care facility residents aged 60 years and older, focusing on ADL and cognitive function as outcomes. Data Extraction: Two independent reviewers extracted the key information from each eligible study. Two reviewers independently screened and assessed all studies for eligibility, extracting information on study participants, details of interventions, outcome characteristics, and significant outcomes. Any discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. Data Synthesis: A total of 11 RCTs with 1280 participants were eligible for analyses. Therapeutic exercise had a significant benefit on ADL (standard mean difference [SMD]=0. 22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02, 0.42, P=.03). Subgroup analyses indicated that interventions conducted ≥3 days per week [SMD=0.42, 95% CI 0.02, 0.82, P=.04] had a significant benefit on ADL. For cognitive function, group exercise and ≥3 days/week of intervention had a significant benefit (group exercise: mean difference [MD]=3.36, 95% CI 0.91, 5.80, P=.007; ≥3 days/week of intervention: MD=2.28, 95% CI 0.07, 4.49, P=.04). Conclusions: Therapeutic exercise conducted 3 or more days per week may be effective for improving ADL and cognitive function among older residents in long-term care facilities. This meta-analysis suggested that group exercise for cognitive functions was effective. However, the effective method of intervention delivery for ADL was unclear.

DOI： 10.1016/j.apmr.2022.11.002

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics  

DOI： 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104845

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本理学療法学会連合  

<p>【目的】新型コロナウイルス感染症（以下，COVID-19）の流行前後における就労者の腰痛変化とプレゼンティーズムとの関連を検討し，さらに勤務形態の変化との関連性を明らかにする。【方法】WEB調査で回答のあった就労者1865名（平均年齢49.6±6.6歳）を横断的に解析した。COVID-19流行に伴う腰痛およびプレゼンティーズムの変化を調査し，腰痛悪化とプレゼンティーズムとの関連性を検討した。【結果】腰痛悪化は，流行前プレゼンティーズムなし群におけるプレゼンティーズム発生（オッズ比：4.26, <i>p</i><0.01），流行前プレゼンティーズムあり群におけるプレゼンティーズム悪化（オッズ比：1.80, <i>p</i>=0.01）と有意に関連していた。【結論】COVID-19の流行に伴う腰痛悪化はプレゼンティーズムと関連することが示唆され，特にその関連性は継続してオフィスワークに従事している集団において強い傾向を認めた。</p>

DOI： 10.15063/rigaku.12259

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Clinical Medicine  

Bone and muscle mass loss are known to occur simultaneously. The alpha-actinin three (ACTN3) genotype has been shown to potentially affect bone and muscle mass. In this study, we investigated the association between the ACTN3 genotype and bone and muscle mass loss in community-dwelling adults aged ≥ 60 years. This study was a cross-sectional analysis of data from 295 participants who participated in a community health checkup. The ACTN3 genotypes were classified as RR, RX, or XX types. Bone mass loss was defined as a calcaneal speed of sound T-score of <−1.32 and <−1.37, and muscle mass loss was defined as an appendicular skeletal muscle index of <7.0 kg/m2 and <5.7 kg/m2 in men and women, respectively. The percentages of XX, RX, and RR in the combined bone and muscle mass loss group were 33.8%, 30.8%, and 16.7%, respectively, with a significantly higher trend for XX. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that XX had an odds ratio of 3.00 (95% confidence interval 1.05–8.54) of being in the combined bone and muscle mass loss group compared to the RR group (covariates: age, sex, grip strength, and medications). The ACTN3 genotype of XX is associated with a higher rate of comorbid bone and muscle mass loss. Therefore, ACTN3 genotyping should be considered for preventing combined bone and muscle mass loss.

DOI： 10.3390/jcm11206172

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Nutrition  

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine whether dietary diversity is associated with sarcopenia in community-dwelling older Japanese adults. Methods: We used a cross-sectional large cohort data set from the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Study of Geriatric Syndromes. Data from 9080 older adults (mean age 74 ± 5.6 y; 44.4% were men) were included in this cross-sectional study. Sarcopenia was assessed using muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance represented by gait speed. We assessed 1-wk consumption frequency of food types, including meat, fish/shellfish, eggs, milk, soybean products, green and yellow vegetables, potatoes, fruits, seaweeds, fats, and oil. Consumption frequency was allotted to each category for the following responses: eat almost every day, eat 3 or 4 /wkd, eat 1 or 2 d/wk, and hardly ever eat. Poor dietary diversity was defined as those who responded hardly ever eat for any of the 10 foods. Results: This study revealed that 2647 participants (29.2%) had poor dietary diversity. Poor dietary diversity was associated with confirmed sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR], 1.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–1.96) and severe sarcopenia (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.08–2.39). Furthermore, poor dietary diversity of low-protein foods was significantly associated with sarcopenia (OR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.13–2.20) as well as poor dietary diversity of high-protein foods (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.12–1.92). Conclusions: This cross-sectional study revealed that poor dietary diversity was associated with sarcopenia among older adults. Ingestion of low-protein foods and high-protein foods is infrequently associated with sarcopenia and ingestion of high-protein foods.

DOI： 10.1016/j.nut.2022.111896

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本理学療法学会連合  

【目的】新型コロナウイルス感染症(以下,COVID-19)の流行前後における就労者の腰痛変化とプレゼンティーズムとの関連を検討し,さらに勤務形態の変化との関連性を明らかにする。【方法】WEB調査で回答のあった就労者1865名(平均年齢49.6±6.6歳)を横断的に解析した。COVID-19流行に伴う腰痛およびプレゼンティーズムの変化を調査し,腰痛悪化とプレゼンティーズムとの関連性を検討した。【結果】腰痛悪化は,流行前プレゼンティーズムなし群におけるプレゼンティーズム発生(オッズ比:4.26,p<0.01),流行前プレゼンティーズムあり群におけるプレゼンティーズム悪化(オッズ比:1.80,p=0.01)と有意に関連していた。【結論】COVID-19の流行に伴う腰痛悪化はプレゼンティーズムと関連することが示唆され,特にその関連性は継続してオフィスワークに従事している集団において強い傾向を認めた。(著者抄録)

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本糖尿病理学療法学会  

<p>糖尿病，高血圧，肥満，喫煙などの生活習慣に関わる要因は，認知症の重大な危険因子とされている．とくに，糖尿病は認知症および認知機能障害の発生リスクを増大させるだけでなく，認知機能が低下している中高齢者では将来の糖尿病発症リスクを増大させることが報告されており，双方からの予防対策が重要である．さらに，糖尿病に至らずとも，HbA1c が5.7～6.4％程度の前糖尿病に該当する者でも認知症の発症リスクが高く，さらには脳萎縮の進行が懸念されている． また，糖尿病を合併するフレイル高齢者では，要介護の発生リスクが増大することが報告されており，糖尿病の診断基準に該当しなくとも，前糖尿病の段階からフレイルや身体機能の低下を惹起するリスクが高いことが示唆されている．このように，糖尿病の診断に至らずとも，その前段階である前糖尿病においても，認知症およびフレイルの発生リスクは高く，より早期からの血糖コントロールおよび重症化の予防が重要であろう． 認知症の発症者では，発症の10～12 年程前から身体活動量は低下してくることが指摘されており，継続した身体活動の促進に取り組むことが望ましい．とくに，65 歳以上の高齢者では，座位時間を身体活動（強度は問わない）に置き換えることや，1 週間で150～300 分以上の中強度の有酸素運動，もしくは75～150 分の高強度の有酸素運動に取り組むことが推奨されている．有酸素運動を中心とした身体活動の向上によって，認知症の発症の予防や遅延に効果が期待されている．認知機能の維持・改善に対するより効果的な運動療法としては，運動による身体活動の促進のみではなく，知的な刺激が伴う活動を付加することが推奨される．とりわけ，認知機能の低下が疑われる状態においては，運動のみによる介入では認知機能の改善には限界があると言わざるを得ず，知的な刺激の伴う活動を加えることで認知機能が維持・改善することが期待されている． フレイルに対しては，筋力トレーニングを中心として，有酸素運動，柔軟運動，バランス運動を含めた多面的な運動が推奨されている．血糖コントロールの改善を目指すうえでは，具体的な運動方法の提示とともに，いかに継続できるかの支援も重要であろう．</p>

DOI： 10.51106/ptdm.2.supplement_6

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics  

Background: As the population ages, it is important to consider whether older adults tend to have healthier lives. This study examined temporal trends in cognitive function among community-dwelling Japanese older adults. Methods: The data source for this study was Integrated Longitudinal Studies on Aging in Japan (ILSA-J). We collected representative values for the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score obtained in 2010 and 2017; mean, standard deviation, and prevalence of ≤23 as cognitive impairment and ≥28 as intact cognitive function. Six cohorts (n=8,575) in 2010 and seven cohorts (n=6,089) in 2017 were included (age range 65-89). One-group meta-analyses were conducted to calculate pooled means of MMSE scores, the pooled prevalence of MMSE scores ≤23 and ≥28, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The mean MMSE score was higher in 2017 than in 2010 for all age groups in both men and women. The prevalence of MMSE ≤23 was lower in 2017 than in 2010 for all age groups for men and was lower in 2017 than in 2010 for all age groups other than for women aged 75–79 years. The prevalence of MMSE ≥28 was higher in 2017 than in 2010 for all age groups in both men and women. In addition, the pooled means of years of education was lower in 2010 than in 2017, which might be an explanatory factor. Conclusions: This study suggests that the cognitive function of community-dwelling Japanese older adults has improved in recent years. Future studies need to identify factors associated with the improvement.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104718

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

地域在住高齢者におけるアパシーとフレイルとの横断的な関連について検討した。健康診断調査(垂水調査)に参加した地域在住高齢者882名(平均74.4±6.4歳、女性62.1%)を対象とした。アパシーはGeriatric Depression Scale-3Aで評価し、フレイルは基本チェックリスト(下位尺度;日常生活関連動作、運動器機能、低栄養状態、口腔機能、閉じこもり、認知機能)で評価した。その結果、209名(23.7%)でアパシーが認められた。交絡因子調整後の多項ロジスティック回帰分析の結果、アパシーはプレフレイルおよびフレイルと有意に関連していた。アパシーを有する高齢者では有さない高齢者と比較して、基本チェックリストの日常生活関連動作、運動器機能、口腔機能、認知機能に問題を呈する割合が有意に高かった。以上から、包括的なフレイル評価の重要性が示され、アパシーは老年期の健康に広範かつ有害な影響を及ぼす可能性が示唆された。

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本作業療法士協会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本転倒予防学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本転倒予防学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本動脈硬化学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本動脈硬化学会  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Psychogeriatrics  

Background: Frailty is a multidimensional condition characterised by reduced physical and psychological resilience. Older adults also frequently demonstrate apathy, suggesting that it shares similar neuro-physiological pathways with frailty. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between apathy and frailty as defined by a comprehensive assessment. Methods: We analyzed 882 older adults (mean age: 74.4 ± 6.4 years; 62.1% female) who participated in a community-based health check survey (Tarumizu Study). Apathy was measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale-3A, a three-item subset of the Geriatric Depression Scale-15, and frailty by the Kihon Checklist of physical, psychological, functional, and social status. Associations were examined by multinomial logistic regression with frailty status (robust, pre-frailty, frailty) as the dependent variable, apathy as the independent variable, and sociodemographic factors, medications, cognitive function, functional capacity, and mood symptoms as potential confounders. Results: Apathy was observed in 23.7% of individuals, and logistic regression revealed significant associations with both pre-frailty and frailty after confounder adjustment (pre-frailty: odds ratio (OR) 1.80, 95% CI 1.22–2.64; frailty: OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.63–6.42). Participants with apathy also exhibited greater deficits in the Kihon Checklist subdomains instrumental activities of daily living (P = 0.022), physical function (P < 0.001), oral function (P < 0.001), and cognitive function (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings underscore the importance of comprehensive frailty assessment and demonstrate that apathy can have pervasive deleterious effects on geriatric health.

DOI： 10.1111/psyg.12867

Scopus

PubMed

その他リンク： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/psyg.12867

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本老年療法学会  

<p>【目的】地域在住高齢者ドライバーにおける自動車事故歴と転倒歴の関連性を調べることを目的にした。【方法】地域コホート研究（垂水研究2018または2019）に参加した65歳以上の自動車運転をしている高齢者602名（平均年齢72.8±5.6歳，女性50.0％）を対象とし，横断的に解析を行った。自動車事故歴は過去2年間の自動車事故歴の有無を聴取し，「事故歴あり」と「事故歴なし」に分類した。転倒歴は過去1年間における転倒の有無を聴取し，「転倒歴あり」と「転倒歴なし」に分類した。統計解析では，従属変数に事故歴の有無，独立変数を転倒歴の有無，共変量に年齢，性別とした二項ロジスティック回帰分析を行った。【結果】全対象者のうちで自動車事故歴がある者は5.6％，転倒歴がある者は13.0％であった。事故歴ありの者は，事故歴なしの者に比べ転倒歴を有する者の割合が有意に高かった（<i>p</i>＝0.003）。二項ロジスティック回帰分析の結果，転倒の経験は自動車事故の経験と有意に関連することが示された（オッズ比：3.12，95％信頼区間：1.42–6.85，<i>p</i>＝0.004）。【結論】地域在住高齢者ドライバーにおいて，自動車事故の経験を有することと転倒の経験を有することは関連することが示唆された。</p>

DOI： 10.57270/jgts.2022_007

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本老年療法学会  

地域在住高齢者ドライバーにおける自動車事故歴と転倒歴の関連性について検討した。地域コホート研究(垂水研究2018または2019)に参加した地域在住高齢者1029名のうち、調査時点で自動車運転免許を保有しており自動車運転をしている602名(女性50.0%、平均72.8±5.6歳)を対象とした。過去2年間の自動車事故経験者(事故歴あり)は34名(女性55.9%、平均72.7±4.9歳)、事故歴なしは568名(女性49.6%、平均72.9±5.7歳)であった。過去1年間の転倒経験者は78名(13.0%)であった。事故歴あり群は事故歴なし群に比べ転倒歴を有する割合が有意に高かった。事故歴とその他の変数(年齢、性別、多剤併用、運転頻度、運転距離、GDS-15、身体機能低下、MCI)の関係については群間での有意な差は認められなかった。二項ロジスティック回帰分析では、転倒歴を有することは事故歴を有することと有意な関連を認めた。

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本老年療法学会  

地域在住高齢者ドライバーにおける自動車事故歴と転倒歴の関連性について検討した。地域コホート研究(垂水研究2018または2019)に参加した地域在住高齢者1029名のうち、調査時点で自動車運転免許を保有しており自動車運転をしている602名(女性50.0%、平均72.8±5.6歳)を対象とした。過去2年間の自動車事故経験者(事故歴あり)は34名(女性55.9%、平均72.7±4.9歳)、事故歴なしは568名(女性49.6%、平均72.9±5.7歳)であった。過去1年間の転倒経験者は78名(13.0%)であった。事故歴あり群は事故歴なし群に比べ転倒歴を有する割合が有意に高かった。事故歴とその他の変数(年齢、性別、多剤併用、運転頻度、運転距離、GDS-15、身体機能低下、MCI)の関係については群間での有意な差は認められなかった。二項ロジスティック回帰分析では、転倒歴を有することは事故歴を有することと有意な関連を認めた。

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics  

Objectives: This cross-sectional study investigates the associations among satisfaction with meaningful activities, and social frailty in community-dwelling Japanese older adults. Methods: We analyzed data from 596 older adults (mean age 74.2 ± 6.4 years, female 63.6%) who participated in the Tarumizu Study 2019, a community-based health survey. Participants selected meaningful activities from 95 activities using the Aid for Decision-Making in Occupation Choice (ADOC) tool. Satisfaction was evaluated from 1 to 5, and those who were assigned a rating of 4 or 5 were operationally classified as the high satisfaction group (n = 487), with others occupying the low satisfaction group (n = 109). Both groups were evaluated based on the ADOC, social frailty (Makizako's five items), physical function, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, and higher-level competence. Results: Of the 596 participants, 18.7% showed prevalence of social frailty. The low satisfaction group had a significantly higher prevalence of social frailty (low satisfaction 28.4% vs. high satisfaction 16.4%, P = 0.004) and depressive symptoms (low satisfaction 30.3% vs. high satisfaction 17.9%, P<0.01), and poor higher-level competence (P = 0.026) than the high satisfaction group. Logistic regression analysis showed that social frailty (Odds Ratio 1.78, 95% Confidence Interval 1.068–2.990, P = 0.027) was significantly associated with satisfaction with meaningful activity after adjusting for covariates. We found no significant differences in categories of meaningful activities between the low and high satisfaction groups (P = 0.549). Conclusions: This study suggested that social frailty was associated with satisfaction with meaningful activities, regardless of the degree or category of satisfaction.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104665

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

社会活動が制限された新型コロナウイルス感染症による緊急事態宣言期間における地域在住超高齢者の社会的交流とその後の自己評価健康度(SRH)との関連について検討した。北海道美唄市に在住する超高齢者1112名を対象に自記式質問紙調査を実施した。質問紙では、人口動態変数、2020年3月時点(緊急事態中)の社会的交流の種類(対面、非対面)および頻度、調査時(2020年7月、緊急事態後)のSRHを尋ねた。解答を得た889名のうち、基準を満たした612名(平均83.0±4.3歳、女性51.8%)を解析した。男性では社会的交流とSRHとに有意な関連はみられなかったが、女性では緊急事態宣言中に週1回以上、対面および非対面での交流がいずれもあった者はなかった者よりもSRHが高かった(オッズ比:2.17、95%CI:1.07～4.41)。以上から、対面での交流が制限される状況でも、女性では少なくとも週に1回、対面および非対面での交流の機会を持つことがSRHに有益である可能性が示唆された。

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本老年医学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本老年医学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本老年医学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本老年医学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本理学療法学会連合  

【目的】地域在住高齢者における骨量・筋量低下と身体活動との関連性を明らかにすることを目的とした。【方法】地域コホート研究(垂水研究2018)に参加した地域在住高齢者173名を分析対象とした。骨量低下は%YAMが70%以下とし,筋量低下は四肢骨格筋指数がサルコペニアの基準より低いものとした。身体活動量は3軸加速度計を用いて,座位行動時間延長,中高強度身体活動時間低下,歩数低下の有無に分類した。骨量・筋量をもとに正常群,骨量低下群,筋量低下群,骨量・筋量低下群の4群に分類し,基本情報および身体活動を比較した。【結果】骨量・筋量低下群は正常群と比べて中高強度身体活動時間が有意に減少していた(オッズ比3.29,p<0.05,共変量:年齢(5歳階級),性別,歩行速度低下,うつ傾向)。【結論】骨量・筋量低下を併存している高齢者は,中高強度身体活動時間が減少していることが示唆された。(著者抄録)

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本予防理学療法学会  

<p>【目的】地域在住高齢者における運動器疾患，転倒歴および多剤併用とサルコペニアとの関連性を調べることを目的とした。【方法】地域コホート研究に参加した高齢者905 名を対象とし，運動器疾患の有無，1 日の服薬数，過去1 年間での転倒歴を聴取した。サルコペニアはAWGS2019 の基準で判定した。【結果】全対象者のうちの166 名（18.3 ％）がサルコペニアに該当した。骨粗鬆症を有する者ではサルコペニアの該当者が有意に多かったが，脊椎疾患および変形性関節症とサルコペニアとの関連は認められなかった。ロジスティック回帰分析の結果，運動器疾患とサルコペニアの関連は確認されず，多剤併用（6 剤以上）（オッズ比1.56）および転倒歴（オッズ比1.65）がサルコペニアと有意に関連していた。【結論】骨粗鬆症を有する高齢者ではサルコペニアに該当する者の割合が高かったものの，多変量解析においてはサルコペニアと運動器疾患との関連性は認められず，多剤併用および転倒歴がサルコペニアと関連する要因として抽出された。</p>

DOI： 10.57304/jptp.1.0_19

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本地域理学療法学会  

【目的】 本研究は，地域在住高齢者における踵骨の骨量と階段使用頻度との関連性を調べることを目的とした．【方法】 地域コホート研究（垂水研究2018）に参加した高齢者169名を横断的に分析した．骨量は％YAMが70％以下を骨量低下とした．階段使用頻度について，自宅内階段は1日0回と1回以上の2群，自宅外階段は週0～2回・3～7回・8回以上の3群に分類した． 【結果】 従属変数を骨量低下の有無，独立変数を階段使用頻度としたロジスティック回帰分析の結果，自宅内の階段使用頻度に有意な関連は認められなかったものの，自宅外の階段使用頻度0～2回を参照とし，8回以上では有意に骨量低下が減少した（オッズ比0.32，95％信頼区間0.11–0.97，p = 0.045，共変量：年齢，性別，ASMI，握力，歩行速度）．【結論】 自宅外での階段の使用頻度が多いと骨量低下の抑制に有用となり得る可能性が示唆された．自宅内の階段使用頻度は関連しておらず，外出を含めた階段の使用が骨量に影響を与えている可能性がある．

DOI： 10.57351/jjccpt.1.0_18

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Geriatrics and Gerontology International  

Aim: To investigate whether the type and frequency of social interaction during the state of emergency due to coronavirus disease were associated with self-rated health (SRH) after the state of emergency. Methods: Data from a cross-sectional study were collected for 889 oldest-old adults in Bibai City, Hokkaido, Japan. In total, 612 participants (mean age: 83.0 ± 4.3 years; women: 51.8%) were included in the analysis, taking biological sex into account. The self-reported questionnaire included questions about demographic variables, SRH (July 2020, after the emergency), and the type and frequency of social interaction (March 2020, during the state of emergency). Results: There was no significant association between social interaction and SRH in men (P > 0.05). Women who had social interactions (both face-to-face and non-face-to-face) more than once a week during the state of emergency reported higher SRH after the emergency than those who did not (odds ratio 2.17, 95% confidence interval 1.07–4.41). Conclusions: Having both types of interaction more than once a week during the state of emergency was related to higher SRH after the emergency among oldest-old women. It is suggested that having opportunities for both types of interaction at least once a week would potentially be beneficial for high SRH in women, even in situations where the declaration of a state of emergency restricts face-to-face interaction. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 405–411.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.14379

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics  

Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to clarify the association between physical and social frailty, cognitive impairment, and meaningful activity in older adults. Methods: Data were obtained from 747 older adults (mean age, 74.7 ± 6.2 years; women, 63.9%) who participated in a community-based health check survey (Tarumizu Study 2018). Physical frailty, cognitive impairment, and social frailty were evaluated using the Fried phenotype model (exhibiting one or more of the criteria, including having a pre-frailty status); computerized cognitive test including memory, attention, executive functions, and processing speed (having a score below an age-education adjusted reference threshold in one or more domains); and Makizako's 5 items (exhibiting one or more of the criteria, including having a pre-frailty status), respectively. Participants selected meaningful activities from the 95 activities included in the Aid for Decision-Making in Occupation Choice, after which their satisfaction and performance were evaluated. Meaningful activities were categorized into physical activity, cognitive activity, social activity, and other daily activity. Results: The physical frailty group was significantly less likely to choose physical activity over other activities (p < 0.05). The cognitive impairment group was significantly less likely to choose cognitive activity over other activities (p < 0.01). The multi-domain frailty group (including cognitive impairment) was significantly less likely to choose social activity over other activities (p < 0.05). No significant differences in satisfaction and performance were observed according to frailty status. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that physical and social frailty and cognitive impairment may affect participation in meaningful activities corresponding to these domains.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104616

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本老年療法学会  

<p>【目的】地域在住高齢者における軽度認知障害（mild cognitive impairment: MCI）に関連する可変因子を探索し，それらの組み合わせによるMCIとの関連性を検討することを目的とした。【方法】地域コホート研究（垂水研究2018および2019）に参加した高齢者のうち，MCI群289名と非MCI群289名（プロペンシティ傾向スコアによる1：1のマッチング）の計578名（平均年齢76.15歳，女性63.7％）のデータを横断的に分析した。決定木分析によりMCIの有無に関連する項目を抽出してグループ化した。【結果】決定木分析の結果，握力低下（男性 28 kg未満，女性 18 kg未満），睡眠の質の低下，社会参加の有無の組み合わせによりグループが形成され，MCIの割合は握力低下なし＋睡眠の質の低下なしの群で最も低く（37.7％），握力低下あり＋地域行事の参加なしの群で最も高かった（82.0％）。【結論】筋力が維持され，睡眠の質が良好な高齢者では認知機能低下が抑制されている可能性が高く，一方で筋力が低下し，社会参加（地域行事などへの参加）が乏しい高齢者では認知機能の低下が疑われ，MCIを有する割合が高くなることが示唆された。筋力，睡眠，社会参加を良好な状態に維持すること，またはいずれかに低下が認められてもそれ以外の因子を良好な状態を保つことが認知機能低下の抑制に寄与するかもしれない。</p>

DOI： 10.57270/jgts.2022_006

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：Hypertension Research  

Blood pressure variability (BPV) is associated with the prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. However, it is unclear how BPV is related to various organs. The aim of this study is to investigate the association between BPV and multiple organ functions. A total of three hundred fifteen participants (114 males; mean age: 70 ± 9 years) participated in a community health checkup held in Tarumizu City. Home blood pressure (BP) was measured using a HEM-9700T (OMRON Healthcare, Kyoto, Japan). Day-to-day BPV was evaluated by the coefficient of variation (CV) of home BP measured in the morning for one month. N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-pro BNP) and high-sensitivity (hs-)troponin T were measured as cardiac biomarkers. Liver stiffness and renal function were evaluated using the Fibrous-4 (Fib4) index and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), respectively. NT-pro BNP and hs-troponin T were divided by the median value. Fib4 index greater than 2.67 and eGFR less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were defined as high Fib4 index and low eGFR, respectively. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, the CV of systolic BP was significantly associated with high NT-pro BNP, high Fib 4 index, and low eGFR, but not with high hs-troponin T. In contrast, the CV of diastolic BP was not associated with low eGFR, and the other three biomarkers had the same results as systolic BP. In conclusion, day-to-day BPV of systolic BP is independently associated with NT-pro BNP, eGFR, and Fib4 index, but not with hs-troponin T. In contrast, diastolic BPV was not found to be associated with eGFR.

DOI： 10.1038/s41440-021-00818-8

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Nature Publishing Group  

鹿児島県の地域健診受診者315名(女性201名、平均70±9歳)を対象に、血圧変動と臓器機能の関連について検討した。1ヵ月間(連日、起床後1時間以内)の家庭血圧値の変動係数(CV)四分位群間で心機能(脳性ナトリウム利尿ペプチド前駆体N端フラグメント(NT-proBNP)と高感度トロポニンT)、肝機能(Fib4 index)、腎機能(推算糸球体濾過量;eGFR)を比較した。多変量ロジスティック回帰分析の結果、収縮期血圧CV高位群ほどeGFR低値(<60mL/min/1.73m2)、Fib4 index高値(>2.67)、NT-proBNP高値(>70pg/mL[中央値])のオッズ比が高かった。高感度トロポニンT高値(>0.007ng/mL[中央値])との関連は全群で認められなかった。拡張期血圧CV高位群はNT-proBNP高値のオッズ比が高く、最高四分位群はFib4 index高値のオッズ比も高かったが、eGFR低値および高感度トロポニンT高値との関連はみられなかった。以上から、家庭血圧の日間変動は心臓、肝臓、腎臓のバイオマーカーと独立して関連していることが示された。

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本老年療法学会  

地域在住高齢者の軽度認知障害(Mild Cognitive Impairment:MCI)に関連する可変因子を探索し、それらの組み合わせによるMCIとの関連を傾向スコア・マッチング法を用いて検討することを目的に、地域コホート研究の参加者で年齢と性別でマッチングされた65歳以上の高齢者578名(MCI群289名[平均年齢76.4±6.4歳]、非MCI群289名[平均年齢75.9±6.5歳])を対象に、身体機能評価(握力、通常歩行速度)および質問紙による生活状況の調査を行った。決定木分析の結果、握力低下(男性28kg未満、女性18kg未満)、睡眠の質の低下、社会参加(地域の祭りや行事などへの参加)の有無の組み合わせによりグループが形成され、MCIの割合は握力低下なし+睡眠の質の低下なし群(グループI)で最も低く(37.7%)、握力低下あり+地域行事の参加なしの群(グループIV)で最も高かった(82.0%)。

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本地域理学療法学会  

【目的】本研究は,地域在住高齢者における踵骨の骨量と階段使用頻度との関連性を調べることを目的とした.【方法】地域コホート研究(垂水研究2018)に参加した高齢者169名を横断的に分析した.骨量は%YAMが70%以下を骨量低下とした.階段使用頻度について,自宅内階段は1日0回と1回以上の2群,自宅外階段は週0〜2回・3〜7回・8回以上の3群に分類した.【結果】従属変数を骨量低下の有無,独立変数を階段使用頻度としたロジスティック回帰分析の結果,自宅内の階段使用頻度に有意な関連は認められなかったものの,自宅外の階段使用頻度0〜2回を参照とし,8回以上では有意に骨量低下が減少した(オッズ比0.32,95%信頼区間0.11-0.97,p=0.045,共変量:年齢,性別,ASMI,握力,歩行速度).【結論】自宅外での階段の使用頻度が多いと骨量低下の抑制に有用となり得る可能性が示唆された.自宅内の階段使用頻度は関連しておらず,外出を含めた階段の使用が骨量に影響を与えている可能性がある.(著者抄録)

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本予防理学療法学会  

【目的】地域在住高齢者における運動器疾患,転倒歴および多剤併用とサルコペニアとの関連性を調べることを目的とした。【方法】地域コホート研究に参加した高齢者905名を対象とし,運動器疾患の有無,1日の服薬数,過去1年間での転倒歴を聴取した。サルコペニアはAWGS2019の基準で判定した。【結果】全対象者のうちの166名(18.3%)がサルコペニアに該当した。骨粗鬆症を有する者ではサルコペニアの該当者が有意に多かったが,脊椎疾患および変形性関節症とサルコペニアとの関連は認められなかった。ロジスティック回帰分析の結果,運動器疾患とサルコペニアの関連は確認されず,多剤併用(6剤以上)(オッズ比1.56)および転倒歴(オッズ比1.65)がサルコペニアと有意に関連していた。【結論】骨粗鬆症を有する高齢者ではサルコペニアに該当する者の割合が高かったものの,多変量解析においてはサルコペニアと運動器疾患との関連性は認められず,多剤併用および転倒歴がサルコペニアと関連する要因として抽出された。(著者抄録)

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本地域理学療法学会  

【目的】本研究は,地域在住高齢者における踵骨の骨量と階段使用頻度との関連性を調べることを目的とした.【方法】地域コホート研究(垂水研究2018)に参加した高齢者169名を横断的に分析した.骨量は%YAMが70%以下を骨量低下とした.階段使用頻度について,自宅内階段は1日0回と1回以上の2群,自宅外階段は週0〜2回・3〜7回・8回以上の3群に分類した.【結果】従属変数を骨量低下の有無,独立変数を階段使用頻度としたロジスティック回帰分析の結果,自宅内の階段使用頻度に有意な関連は認められなかったものの,自宅外の階段使用頻度0〜2回を参照とし,8回以上では有意に骨量低下が減少した(オッズ比0.32,95%信頼区間0.11-0.97,p=0.045,共変量:年齢,性別,ASMI,握力,歩行速度).【結論】自宅外での階段の使用頻度が多いと骨量低下の抑制に有用となり得る可能性が示唆された.自宅内の階段使用頻度は関連しておらず,外出を含めた階段の使用が骨量に影響を与えている可能性がある.(著者抄録)

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Geriatrics and Gerontology International  

Aim: To clarify prevalence of social frailty among older adults living in a rural Japanese community, and factors associated with social frailty status. Methods: In total, 322 adults aged ≥65 years living in a Japanese rural community took part in the study from 2018 to 2020. Social frailty was defined as deficiencies of: (i) living alone; (ii) talking with someone every day; (iii) feeling helpful to friends or family; (iv) going out less frequently compared with last year; and (v) visiting friends sometimes. Social frail status was categorized as robust (0), social prefrail (1), and social frail (≥2), according to the summated score of Makizako's criteria. Multiple logistic regression analysis was applied to clarify factors associated with social frailty status. Results: Final samples were classified into 68 persons with social frailty, 98 persons with social prefrailty and 147 persons as robust. We observed the prevalence of social frailty (21.7%) and social prefrailty (31.3%) and the GDS-15 had significantly high scores in the social frail groups. Social frailty was significantly associated with the GDS-15 score (odds ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.19–1.49) and TMT-A (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01–1.08) and GDS-15 (odds ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.03–1.26) were extracted as independent variables of social prefrail status, with adjustment for demographics, polypharmacy and lifestyle-related diseases. Conclusions: Our results suggest that social frailty tends to be increasing gradually in a Japanese rural area, and social prefrailty might be potentially associated with attentional function, as well as the GDS-15 score. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 145–151.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.14330

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

2018～2020年に秋田県在住の65歳以上高齢者313名を対象とした横断研究(ORANGE研究)を実施し、社会的フレイルの割合および社会的フレイル状態に関連する因子について検討した。社会的フレイルの評価には牧迫の社会的フレイル基準(独居、毎日誰かと話す、友人や家族の役に立っていると感じる、昨年と比べて外出の頻度が減った、時々友人宅を訪問する)を使用した。参加者を健常群147名(0点;平均74.6±5.7歳、女性64.6%)、社会的プレフレイル98名(1点;平均75.7±5.9歳、女性71.4%)、社会的フレイル68名(2～5点;平均74.8±5.9歳、女性70.6%)に分けて検討した。評価項目は人口統計学的特徴、各種認知機能検査(word list memory、TMT-A、TMT-B、Symbol Digit Substitution Task)、GDS-15などとした。人口統計学特徴、ポリファーマシー、生活習慣病を調整後の多変量ロジスティック回帰分析の結果、社会的フレイルではGDS-15スコア、社会的プレフレイルではTMT-AおよびGDS-15が予測因子であることが示された(オッズ比1.33、1.04、1.13)。以上から、社会的プレフレイルは、GDS-15スコアのみならず、注意機能と関連する可能性があることを示唆された。

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health  

Background: Recent longitudinal studies have reported proportion of frailty transition in older individuals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study aimed at clarifying the impact of social frailty in community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic and at identifying factors that can predict transition to social frailty. Methods: We performed this study from 2019 (before declaration of the state of emergency over the rising number of COVID-19 cases) to 2020 (after declaration of the emergency). We applied Makizako’s social frail index to our study subjects at the baseline and classified into robust, social prefrailty, and social frailty groups. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed using robust, social prefrailty, or social frailty status as dependent variable. Results: Analysis by the Kruskal–Wallis test revealed significant differences in the score on the GDS-15 among the robust, social prefrailty, and social frailty groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, multiple regression analysis identified a significant association between the social frailty status and the score on GDS-15 (odds ratio, 1.57; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.15–2.13; p = 0.001). Conclusion: The increase in the rate of transition of elderly individuals to the social frailty group could have been related to the implementation of the stay-at-home order as part of the countermeasures for COVID-19. Furthermore, the increased prevalence of depressive symptoms associated with the stay-at-home order could also have influenced the increase in the prevalence of social frailty during the COVID-19 pandemic.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph19020986

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：Nutrients  

Nutritional factors, including low protein intake and poor dietary variety, affect age‐associated impairment in physical performance resulting in physical frailty. This cross‐sectional study investigated the association between intake frequency of major high protein foods and both physical performance and higher‐level functional capacity using the food frequency score (FFS) and high protein food frequency score (PFFS) among community‐dwelling older adults. The data of 1185 older adults categorized into quartiles based on FFS and PFFS were analyzed. After adjusting for covariates, FFS and PFFS were significantly associated with physical performance [FFS, usual gait speed (p for trend = 0.007); PFFS, usual gait speed (p for trend < 0.001), maximum gait speed (p for trend = 0.002), timed up and go (p for trend = 0.025)], and higher‐level functional capacity [FFS (p for trend < 0.001); PFFS (p for trend < 0.001)]. After excluding PFFS data, the participants’ scores were associated with only higher‐level functional capacity. Multi‐regression analysis with higherlevel functional capacity as the covariate showed that FFS and PFFS were significantly correlated with physical performance. Hence, improving food intake frequency, particularly that of high protein foods, and dietary variety may help maintain higher‐level functional capacity and physical performance in community‐dwelling older adults.

DOI： 10.3390/nu14010072

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本疫学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本疫学会  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Pain Management Nursing  

Background: Poor sleep quality has a negative effect on pain among older adults. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) state of emergency, lifestyle changes can cause psychologic stressors and lead to poor sleep quality. Aim: This study examined whether sleep quality status was associated with low back or knee pain changes during the COVID-19 state of emergency among community-dwelling Japanese old-old adults. Design: Cross-sectional investigation. Methods: In July 2020, during the COVID-19 epidemic, we conducted a postal survey for old-old adults aged ≥77 years and collected data on 597 participants. For those who had low back or knee pain at the time of the survey (in July), characteristics such as low back pain, knee pain, changes in pain status, and sleep quality status during the COVID-19 state of emergency (in March) were assessed. Results: Data from 597 participants showed the prevalence of low back pain (50.6%) and knee pain (40.7%) in July. Of those with low back or knee pain, 374 had pain changes during the state of emergency, with 12.3% worsening. Of these, 23.9% had poor sleep quality in March compared to non-change (p = .008). In a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for potential confounders, poor sleep quality was significantly associated with pain worsening (odds ratio 2.80, 95% confidence interval 1.26-6.22). Conclusions: During the COVID-19 state of emergency, poor sleep quality was associated with worsening low back or knee pain. This may indicate the need to pay attention to poor sleep quality to prevent the exacerbation of pain among old-old adults.

DOI： 10.1016/j.pmn.2022.01.001

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人日本理学療法学会連合  

<p>【目的】地域在住高齢者における骨量・筋量低下と身体活動との関連性を明らかにすることを目的とした。【方法】地域コホート研究（垂水研究2018）に参加した地域在住高齢者173 名を分析対象とした。骨量低下は％YAM が70% 以下とし，筋量低下は四肢骨格筋指数がサルコペニアの基準より低いものとした。身体活動量は3 軸加速度計を用いて，座位行動時間延長，中高強度身体活動時間低下，歩数低下の有無に分類した。骨量・筋量をもとに正常群，骨量低下群，筋量低下群，骨量・筋量低下群の4 群に分類し，基本情報および身体活動を比較した。【結果】骨量・筋量低下群は正常群と比べて中高強度身体活動時間が有意に減少していた（オッズ比3.29，p < 0.05，共変量：年齢（5 歳階級），性別，歩行速度低下，うつ傾向）。【結論】骨量・筋量低下を併存している高齢者は，中高強度身体活動時間が減少していることが示唆された。</p>

DOI： 10.15063/rigaku.12150

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本動脈硬化学会  

Aim: This study aims to investigate the association of the Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) with self-reported sleep duration and sleep quality in community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 65 years. Methods: The Tarumizu Study was a cohort of community-based health checkups conducted in the Tarumizu City, Japan, in 2018 and 2019. In total, 997 participants aged ≥ 65 years (median age, 74 years) were examined. We obtained the average sleep duration and sleep quality using self-reported questionnaires and classified them into three separate groups according to sleep duration (＜6 h, 6–8 h, and ≥ 8 h) and sleep quality (good, medium, and poor). The arterial stiffness was measured using the CAVI. Results: As per our findings, the CAVI was significantly higher in the ≥ 8 h sleep group (CAVI=9.6±1.3) than in the ＜6 h (CAVI=9.1±1.1) or 6–8 h (CAVI=9.1±1.2) groups (p＜0.001). After adjustment for age, sex, systolic blood pressure, current smoking status, body mass index, frequency of exercise, educational background, frailty, sleep medication, sleep quality, and nap duration, multivariable regression analysis demonstrated that the CAVI was significantly higher in the ≥ 8 h group than in the 6–8 h group (p=0.016). In contrast, multivariable regression analysis showed that there was no significant association between sleep quality and CAVI. Conclusions: A significant association was noted between long sleep duration (≥ 8 h) and elevated CAVI in community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 65 years. We, therefore, suggest that long sleep duration, not sleep quality, is correlated with arterial stiffness in older adults.

DOI： 10.5551/jat.63594

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Aging Clinical and Experimental Research  

Background: Falls and fear of falling (FoF) inhibit healthy longevity and have been suggested to be associated with cognitive function. However, the domains of cognitive function that are associated with them remain controversial. It is speculated that clarifying this will help in the assessment of health status and interventions in the community. Aim: To analyse the associations between fall history and FoF and multidimensional cognitive function in independent community-dwelling older adults. Methods: The data from 9759 (73.3 ± 5.4 years, 59.9% women) older individuals enrolled in the cross-sectional ORANGE study were analysed. Simple questions were used to assess fall history in the past year and current FoF. Assessments of multidimensional cognitive function were performed using the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Functional Assessment Tool (NCGG-FAT) to evaluate memory, attention, executive function, and processing speed. The independent associations of fall history and FoF with multidimensional cognitive function were assessed using multivariate linear regressions adjusted for potential confounding variables. Results: A total of 18.3% and 35.4% of participants presented with fall history and FoF, respectively. Fall history (p = 0.008) and FoF (p = 0.002) were significantly associated with memory. FoF, but not fall history was associated with attention (p = 0.004), executive function (p < 0.01), and processing speed (p < 0.01). Conclusion: In independent community-dwelling older adults, fall history was associated only with the memory domain; in contrast, fear of falling was associated with multidimensional cognitive function. This study provides weak evidence suggesting the need to assess falls and FoF in all situations involving independent community-dwelling older adults.

DOI： 10.1007/s40520-022-02235-4

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：Nutrients  

Few studies have investigated the relationship between nutritional status and comprehensive assessment of oral hypofunction, especially protein intake-related sarcopenia. Thus, we explored these relationships in a large-scale cross-sectional cohort study using the seven-item evaluation for oral hypofunction and Diet History Questionnaire for nutritional assessment. We used the data from 1004 individuals who participated in the 2019 health survey of the residents of Tarumizu City, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan for analysis. We found that individuals with oral hypofunction were significantly older with a lower skeletal muscle index. Although there were few foods that had a sig-nificant difference between the groups with and without oral hypofunction, the consumption of beans and meats was significantly lower in women and men in the oral hypofunction group, respectively. According to the lower limit of the tentative dietary goal defined in Japan, comprehensive evaluation of oral hypofunction was significantly and independently associated with protein intake in both men and women (odds ratio, 1.70; 95% confidence interval, 1.21–2.35). In conclusion, we found that oral hypofunction was associated with targeted protein intake for sarcopenia and frailty prevention in middle-aged and older community-dwelling adults. Comprehensive evaluation of oral function with intervention in cases of hypofunction could inform clinicians to better prevent sarcopenia.

DOI： 10.3390/nu13124377

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health  

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to analyse the differences in meaningful activities and psychosomatic function depending on the driving status of community-dwelling older adults. Data from 594 older adults were obtained, including activities meaningful to individuals and psychosomatic functions, such as grip strength, depression, cognitive function, and ability of activity. Participants were divided into active driving (n = 549) and after driving cessation (n = 45) groups. In addition, the active driving group was operationally divided into three groups: high-frequency group (n = 387), medium group (n = 119), and infrequent group (n = 42). In the after driving cessation group, grip strength, and Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence scores were significantly lower. Furthermore, the proportion of apathy and physical and social frailty was significantly higher in the after driving cessation group. Regarding meaningful activity, domestic life scores in the after driving cessation group were significantly higher than those of the active driving group. Decreased driving frequency in the active driving group was associated with weak muscle strength, lack of interest, and low activity. This study demonstrated that meaningful activity differed based on the driving status. Hence, we should support the activities of older adults who are considering driving cessation.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph182413270

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics  

Objectives: The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between cognitive frailty (CF) and higher-level competence among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: Data from 871 older adults (aged ≥ 65 years, mean age 74.3 years, 61.5% women) who had participated in a community-based health check survey (Tarumizu Study 2018-2019) were analyzed. CF was defined as comorbid physical frailty and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We defined physical frailty as either slow walking speed or poor grip strength. MCI was defined as values below the age- and education-adjusted reference threshold in several tests. Participants were categorized into four groups: robust, physical frailty, MCI, and CF. Higher-level competence was assessed using the Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence (JST-IC). The JST-IC consists of 16 items and four subscales (technology usage, information practice, life management and social engagement). The bottom 20–30% score of the JST-IC and each subscale corresponded to poor higher-level competence. Results: The prevalence of CF was 14.4%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, CF was significantly associated with poor higher-level competence (odds ratio 1.92, 95% confidence interval 1.18–3.13) after adjusting for covariates. Using a similar analysis to assess the JST-IC subscales, CF was associated with limitations on technology usage (odds ratio 2.29, 95% confidence interval 1.36–3.85) and low social engagement (odds ratio 1.62, 95% confidence interval 1.00–2.61). Conclusions: This study suggests that CF is associated with poor higher-level competence, especially limitations on technology usage and low social engagement.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104589

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health  

e, s Abstract: This study aimed to clarify the relationship between leg extension angle and knee flexion angle during gait in older adults. The subjects of this cross-sectional study were 588 community-dwelling older adults (74.6 ± 6.1 y). Segment angles and acceleration were measured using five inertial measurement units during comfortable gait, and bilateral knee and hip joint angles, and leg extension angle, reflecting whole lower limb extension at late stance, were calculated. Propulsion force was estimated using the increase in velocity calculated from anterior acceleration of the sacrum during late stance. Correlation analysis showed that leg extension angle was associated with knee flexion angle at swing phase and hip extension angle and increase in velocity at late stance (r = 0.444–508, p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis showed that knee flexion angle at mid-swing was more affected by leg extension angle (β = 0.296, p < 0.001) than by gait speed (β = 0.219, p < 0.001) and maximum hip extension angle (β = −0.150, p < 0.001). These findings indicate that leg extension angle may be a meaningful parameter for improving gait function in older adults due to the association with knee kinematics during swing as well as propulsion force at late stance.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph182211925

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Healthcare (Switzerland)  

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the correlations between gait regularity, cognitive functions including cognitive domains, and the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in community-dwelling older people. This study included 463 older adults (63.4% women, mean age: 74.1), and their step and stride regularity along the three-axis components was estimated from trunk acceleration, which was measured by inertial measurement units during a comfortable gait. Four aspects of cognitive function were assessed using a tablet computer: attention, executive function, processing speed, and memory, and participants were classified into those with or without MCI. The vertical component of stride and step regularity was associated with attention and executive function (r = −0.176–−0.109, p ≤ 0.019), and processing speed (r = 0.152, p < 0.001), after it was adjusted for age and gait speed. The low vertical component of step regularity was related to the MCI after it was adjusted for covariates (OR 0.019; p = 0.016). The results revealed that cognitive function could affect gait regularity, and the vertical component of gait regularity, as measured by a wearable sensor, could play an important role in investigating cognitive decline in older people.

DOI： 10.3390/healthcare9111571

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Medicine  

ABSTRACT: Understanding the relationship between pain and physical activity (PA) levels is beneficial for maintaining good health status. However, the impact of pain on changes in PA during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine whether PA levels pre-, during, and post-COVID-19 state of emergency differ between Japanese adults who had pain after the COVID-19 state of emergency and those who did not.Data were collected from a cross-sectional online survey conducted between October 19 and 28, 2020. The analytic sample consisted of 1967 Japanese adults aged ≥40 years who completed the online survey. Participants completed questionnaires on the presence of pain and duration of PA, defined as the total PA time per week based on activity frequency and time. Participants were asked to report their PA at 3 time points: October 2019 (before the COVID-19 pandemic), April 2020 (during the COVID-19 state of emergency), and October 2020 (after the COVID-19 state of emergency).Among participants aged ≥60 years who reported pain in October 2020, the total PA time was significantly lower than participants who did not report having pain. Furthermore, the total PA time in April 2020 was significantly lower than that in October 2019; however, no significant difference in total PA time was observed between April and October 2020. Among participants aged 40 to 59 years, no significant differences were observed in total PA times at the 3 time points between those with and without pain. In addition, the total PA time in October 2020 significantly increased compared to that in April 2020, although it significantly decreased in April 2020 compared to October 2019.This study suggests that older adults with pain have lower PA levels after the COVID-19 state of emergency.

DOI： 10.1097/MD.0000000000027533

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本老年医学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本老年医学会  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of the American Heart Association  

BACKGROUND: Frailty is conceptualized as an accumulation of deficits in multiple areas and is strongly associated with the prognosis of heart failure (HF). However, the social domain of frailty is less well investigated. We prospectively evaluated the clinical characteristics and prognostic impact of social frailty (SF) in elderly patients with HF. METHODS AND RESULTS: FRAGILE-HF (prevalence and prognostic value of physical and social frailty in geriatric patients hospitalized for heart failure) is a multicenter, prospective cohort study focusing on patients hospitalized for HF and aged ≥65 years. We defined SF by Makizako’s 5 items, which have been validated as associated with future disability. The primary end point was a composite of all-cause death and rehospitalization because of HF. The impact of SF on all-cause mortality alone was also evaluated. Among 1240 enrolled patients, 825 (66.5%) had SF. During the 1-year observation period after discharge, the rates of the combined end point and all-cause mortality were significantly higher in patients with SF than in those without SF (Log-rank test: both P < 0.05). SF remained as significantly associated with both the combined end point (hazard ratio, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.02–1.66; P = 0.038) and all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.01–2.30; P = 0.044), even after adjusting for key clinical risk factors. Furthermore, SF showed significant incremental prognostic value over known risk factors for both the combined end point (net-reclassification improvement: 0.189, 95% CI, 0.063–0.316, P = 0.003) and all-cause mortality (net-reclassification improvement: 0.234, 95% CI, 0.073–0.395, P = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: Among hospitalized geriatric patients with HF, two thirds have SF. Evaluating SF provides additive prognostic information in elderly patients with HF. REGISTRATION: URL: https://upload.umin.ac.jp/. Unique identifier: UMIN000023929.

DOI： 10.1161/JAHA.120.019954

Scopus

PubMed

出版者・発行元：株式会社医学書院  

DOI： 10.11477/mf.1551202367

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical therapy  

Objective: The present study aimed to examine the prospective associations of physical frailty with future falls and fear of falling (FOF) among community-dwelling older adults. Methods: A prospective cohort study with a 48-month follow-up was conducted in a Japanese community. Participants were 2469 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years or older who completed baseline and follow-up assessments at intervals of 48 ± 2 months. Primary outcomes were recent falls (defined as at least one fall within the past year) and FOF (determined by response to "Are you afraid of falling?") at follow-up survey. Physical frailty, operationalized by the frailty phenotype (slowness, weakness, exhaustion, weight loss, and low activity) based on the criteria of the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study (J-CHS), was also assessed as a predictor of future falls and FOF. Results: Multivariable logistic regression showed that prefrailty or frailty increase the risk of not only future falls (odds ratio [OR]: 1.57; 95% CI = 1.20-2.05) but also FOF (OR: 1.33; 95%CI = 1.05-1.69). In addition, the relationship between baseline frailty status and future falls remained significant after adjusting for baseline FOF (OR: 1.55; 95% CI = 1.19-2.02), and the relationship between baseline frailty status and future FOF also remained significant after adjusting for baseline falls (OR: 1.32; 95% CI = 1.04-1.68). Conclusions: Frailty status may predict future falls and FOF among community-dwelling older adults. Strategies to prevent frailty may be beneficial to prevent not only future falls but also future FOF in a community setting. Impact: Falls and FOF have a close relationship but a different clinical meaning. Older adults with physical frailty may require monitoring as high risk not only for falls but also for FOF.

DOI： 10.1093/ptj/pzab059

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本老年社会科学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本サルコペニア・フレイル学会  

[目的]地域在住高齢女性における骨粗鬆症と身体・認知・社会的フレイルとの関係を明らかにする。[方法]地域での健康チェックに参加した高齢女性265名を分析対象とした。骨粗鬆症の有無、身体・認知・社会的フレイルを評価し、身体・社会的フレイルに関しては、プレフレイルとフレイルを合わせてプレフレイル以上とした。骨粗鬆症を従属変数とし、身体的プレフレイル以上、認知的フレイル、社会的プレフレイル以上を独立変数としたロジスティック回帰分析を行い、さらに前期・後期高齢女性に分けてオッズ比を算出した。[結果]年齢、内服数、教育歴、BMI、関節リウマチの有無、呼吸器疾患の有無で傾向スコアを算出し、傾向スコアで調整したロジスティック回帰分析の結果、後期高齢女性において骨粗鬆症と社会的プレフレイル以上が関連していた(オッズ比3.14、95%CI1.25-7.93、p=0.02)。[結論]地域在住後期高齢女性において、社会的フレイルは骨粗鬆症のリスクを高める可能性がある。(著者抄録)

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本サルコペニア・フレイル学会  

[目的]地域在住高齢者における社会参加とサルコペニアとの関連を明らかにすることを目的とした。[方法]地域コホート研究(垂水研究2018)に参加した65歳以上の地域在住高齢者859名のうち、脳卒中等の既往歴のない751名を分析対象とした。Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia2019に基づいてサルコペニアの有無、またJST版活動能力指標の社会参加に関する4項目より社会参加の状況を評価した。[結果]サルコペニアを有する者では、社会参加得点が有意に低値であった(p<0.001)。従属変数をサルコペニアの有無、独立変数を社会参加得点としたロジスティック回帰分析の結果、社会参加とサルコペニアに有意な関連を認めた(オッズ比0.83、95%信頼区間0.71-0.97)(共変量:年齢、性別、教育歴、服薬数、転倒歴、運動習慣、うつ傾向、認知機能)。[結論]地域在住高齢者の社会参加状況はサルコペニアと関連することが示唆された。(著者抄録)

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本作業療法研究学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本作業療法研究学会  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Clinical Medicine  

Oral hypofunction is a new concept that addresses the oral function of older adults. Few studies have investigated the relationship between oral hypofunction and general health conditions such as frailty, sarcopenia, and mild cognitive impairment. This paper explores these relationships in a large-scale, cross-sectional cohort study. The relationships of oral hypofunction with frailty, sarcopenia, and mild cognitive impairment were examined using data from 832 individuals who participated in the 2018 health survey of the residents of Tarumizu City, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan. Individuals with frailty, sarcopenia, and mild cognitive impairment had significantly higher rates of oral hypofunction. Frailty was independently associated with deterioration of the swallowing function (odds ratio 2.56; 95% confidence interval, 1.26–5.20), and mild cognitive impairment was independently associated with reduced occlusal force (odds ratio 1.48; 95% confidence interval, 1.05–2.08) and decreased tongue pressure (odds ratio 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.28–2.43). There was no independent association found between sarcopenia and oral function. In conclusion, early intervention for related factors such as deterioration of the swallowing function in frailty, reduced occlusal force, and decreased tongue pressure in mild cognitive impairment could lead to the prevention of general hypofunction in older adults.

DOI： 10.3390/jcm10081626

Scopus

PubMed

出版者・発行元：金原出版  

DOI： 10.18888/se.0000001687

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Gerontology  

Introduction: A prevalence of frailty is gradually increasing with the progress of aging in Japan, and critical challenges regarding early diagnosis and prevention of frailty were necessary in community. Although previous studies have well documented the characteristics of physical disability, there is limited information on frail state differences among older adults in Japanese rural areas. The aim of our cross-sectional observational study was to clarify the association of frail status in northern Japanese community-dwellers aged 65 or more. Methods: 345 participants were recruited from 2018 to 2020, and after getting informed consent from each participant, assessments and outcomes were evaluated according to the ORANGE protocol. We applied the frailty index of Gerontology-the Study of Geriatric Syndromes (NCGG-SGS) to classify frailty status by collecting data of demographics and psychosocial status using the Kihon checklist (KCL) and cognitive domains used by the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Functional Assessment Tool (NCGG-FAT). Results: Our subjects included 313 older adults divided into 138 robust, 163 prefrail, and 12 frail. For statistical analysis, we found that the frail group had a lower educational duration, worsened KCL items, lower cognitive functions, and a tendency toward depression compared to the other groups. Moreover, physical frailty and cognitive decline were related, and polypharmacy and a lack of joy in daily life were explanatory variables of frail status. Conclusions: We suggest that KCL is important for frail discrimination, and in order to prevent physical frailty, our community should take care of not only exercise and nutrition but also cognitive functioning and depressive tendencies. In particular, polypharmacy and the presence of fun in your life are possible to be related to frailty.

DOI： 10.1159/000511986

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Hypertension Research  

Blood pressure (BP) is influenced by various factors, and it is known that temperature and BP have a negative relationship. However, few reports have examined the relationship between BP and temperature throughout the day in the same participant over time. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between BP and temperature in the morning and evening in the same participants during a time period of ~1 year. In total, 401 participants, who participated in a community-based health checkup survey in Tarumizu, Japan, were enrolled. Five participants were excluded due to missing data. All participants measured their BP and the room temperature at home using a blood pressure monitor (HEM-9700T, OMRON Healthcare, Kyoto, Japan). The mean systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP) in the morning were significantly higher than the mean of the measurements taken in the evening (SBP: morning vs. evening 128 ± 15 mmHg vs. 122 ± 14 mmHg, P < 0.0001; DBP: morning vs. evening 77 ± 10 mmHg vs. 72 ± 8 mmHg, P < 0.0001). Using a linear mixed model with participants as a random effect, SBP and DBP were significantly associated with temperature in both the morning and evening. In the morning, in almost every month except July, a significant association between SBP and temperature was observed. However, there was a significant relationship between evening BP and temperature in all months. In conclusion, BP was significantly related to temperature in both the morning and evening during the year-long study. Furthermore, BP and temperature were significantly associated in all months except morning measurements in July.

DOI： 10.1038/s41440-020-00564-3

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Nature Publishing Group  

朝夕に自宅で測定した血圧と、同時に記録した室温との関係性を調査した。地域健康診断を受診した参加者395名(男性136名、女性259名、平均71±8歳)を被験者とし、血圧モニターを使用して自宅で血圧と室温を測定した。平均収縮期血圧(SBP)と拡張期血圧(DBP)は、それぞれ139±18mmHgと80±11mmHgで、191名が降圧薬を使用していた。朝のSBPとDBPは、夕方の平均測定値の平均よりも有意に高かった。変量効果としての家庭血圧と室温との関連を検討した線形混合モデルでは、SBPとDBPは朝夕両方の気温と有意に関連していた。7月以外の月の朝においてSBPと気温の間に有意な関連が観察されたが、夕方の血圧と気温の間には全ての月で有意な関連がみられた。血圧は、1年間の研究期間中、朝夕の両方で気温と有意に関連していた。また気温は7月の朝の血圧測定値を除き、全ての月で血圧に有意に影響していた。

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

2020年7月に北海道美唄市在住の地域在住後期高齢者1112名を対象として、COVID-19緊急事態宣言下での体力・認知機能低下の認識に関する質問紙調査を郵送法により実施した。調査項目は、年齢、性別、居住形態、病歴、ポリファーマシー、高齢者うつ尺度、体力低下や認知機能低下の認識の有無、緊急事態宣言前の運動教室への参加状況、緊急事態宣言下での運動習慣(週に2回以上、30分以上)や日常生活リズムの乱れの有無などとした。774名(女性433名、平均83.3±4.4歳)を解析対象とした。その結果、COVID-19緊急事態下で体力低下を認識していたのは339名(43.8%)、認知機能低下を認識していたのは259名(33.5%)であった。潜在的交絡因子を調整した多変量ロジスティック回帰モデルの結果、COVID-19緊急事態宣言下での運動習慣は体力低下の認識の低さと有意に関連していた。また、COVID-19緊急事態宣言下での日常生活リズムの乱れは、体力低下および認知機能低下の認識が高いことと有意に関連していた。

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Geriatrics and Gerontology International  

Aim: Olfactory impairment as a prodromal symptom, as well as sarcopenia, frailty and dependence as geriatric syndromes, is often associated with cognitive decline in older adults with progression of Alzheimer's disease. The present study aimed to evaluate the associations of olfactory and cognitive decline with these geriatric syndromes, and with structural changes of the brain in older adults. Methods: The participants were 135 older adults (47 men and 88 women, mean age 79.5 years), consisting of 64 with normal cognition, 23 with mild cognitive impairment and 48 with Alzheimer's disease. Olfactory function was evaluated by the Open Essence odor identification test. Shrinkage of the regional brain was determined by magnetic resonance imaging. Results: Logistic regression analysis with Open Essence, Mini-Mental State Examination, age and sex as covariates showed higher olfactory-cognitive index (|coefficient for Open Essence (a) / coefficient for Mini-Mental State Examination (b)|) in participants with sarcopenia (Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia), and lower values of (|a/b|) in participants with Barthel Index dependence, Kihon Checklist frailty, Lawton Index dependence and support/care-need certification as objective variables. Logistic regression analysis adjusted by age and sex also showed significant shrinkage of the frontal lobe in participants with AWGS sarcopenia, especially in women, and shrinkage of the medial temporal areas and global brain in participants with Kihon Checklist frailty/dependence. Conclusions: Olfactory-cognitive index (|a/b|) might be a useful tool to distinguish involvement of frontal lobe shrinkage, as in sarcopenia from shrinkage of the medial temporal areas, and global brain, as in frailty/dependence, in older adults with progression of normal cognition to Alzheimer's disease. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; ••: ••–••.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.14128

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

高齢者135名(男性47名、女性88名、平均79.5歳)を対象として、嗅覚や認知機能低下、老年症候群、脳の構造変化との関連を評価した。認知機能正常64名、MCI 23名、アルツハイマー病48名であった。評価項目は年齢、性別、Open Essenceによる嗅覚機能、ミニメンタルステート検査、AWGSによるサルコペニア、補正四肢筋量、握力、歩行速度、Barthel ADL、基本チェックリストによるフレイル、LawtonのIADLスケール、要介護・要支援認定、脳MRI所見などとした。嗅覚認知指数(|a/b|)をロジスティック回帰式(老年症候群の発生=a[OE]+b[MMSE]+c[年齢]+d[性別]+e)より算出した。ロジスティック回帰分析の結果、サルコペニア患者では嗅覚認知指数が高く、フレイル、Barthel ADLおよびIADLにおける非自立者、要介護・要支援認定者では嗅覚認知指数が低かった。また、サルコペニア患者のうち特に女性では前頭葉の有意な萎縮が認められ、フレイル/非自立者では側頭葉内側部および全脳の萎縮がみられた。

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)大和証券ヘルス財団  

サルコペニアを有する高齢者を対象として、運動群と対照群にランダムに割り付け、サルコペニアに対する運動療法の効果を検証した。対象者を運動群(36名)と対照群(36名)にランダムに割り付け、3ヵ月間の介入前後での身体機能と大腿筋量(MRI画像)の変化を比較した。運動介入は、ゴムバンドによる筋力トレーニングを中心とした多面的運動プログラムを週1回(60分)の頻度で12回実施した。欠損値補正を行ったITT(intention-to-treat)解析で3ヵ月間の変化を比較した。その結果、5回立ち座りテストとTimed UP and Goで群と時間(介入前後)の有意な交互作用を認め、運動群での改善を認めた。大腿の筋面積・筋体積の変化では、運動群で減少を抑制する傾向であったが、有意な交互作用は認められなかった。また、サブグループ解析として、同運動教室に参加していた高齢者15名(平均年齢78.1±6.4歳、女性80%)を対象に、新型コロナウイルス感染症の感染拡大予防対策に伴う外出自粛時期前後での身体活動量の変化を調べた。緊急事態宣言前に比べて緊急事態宣言中では2割の者で町外への外出(生活空間レベル5)をしておらず、身体活動量と生活空間(LSA)スコアが低下傾向であったが、有意な変化ではなかった。身体活動量も有意な変化はなかった。運動教室に参加していた高齢者においては、緊急事態宣言中における生活範囲の顕著な変化および身体活動量の低下は認められなかった。

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本理学療法士協会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本理学療法士協会  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本栄養・食糧学会  

高齢者815名(女性515名、平均74.9歳)を対象に、栄養素摂取状況とプレフレイル(疲労感、動作緩慢、虚弱、活動量低下、または体重減少のいずれか一つ以上の存在)との関係について検討した。男性の52%および女性の54%がプレフレイルに該当した。男性では栄養素摂取状況とプレフレイルの間に有意な関連はみられなかった。女性の場合、健常群と比較して、プレフレイル群はビタミンKとB群(B1、B2、葉酸、パントテン酸)、リン、カリウム、カルシウム、マグネシウム、鉄、亜鉛、銅の摂取量が有意に少なかった。このうちプレフレイルに関連する有意な変数として抽出されたのはマグネシウムのみであった。マグネシウム摂取量の四分位別にみた女性のプレフレイルの調整オッズ比(95%信頼区間)は、第1分位を基準として、第2分位が0.52(0.29〜0.92,p=0.024)、第3分位が0.51(0.28〜0.95,p=0.033)、第4分位が0.38(0.19〜0.74,p=0.005)であった。以上から、高齢日本人女性において、マグネシウムはプレフレイル予防に重要な栄養素であると考えられた。

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本骨粗鬆症学会  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：PLoS ONE  

Objective Older adults in Japan are tackling health-related challenges brought by comprehensive geriatric symptoms, such as physical and cognitive problems and social-psychological issues. In this nationwide study, we mainly focused on the Kihon checklist (KCL) as certificated necessity of long-term care for Japanese older adults and investigated whether the KCL score was associated with geriatric depression. In addition, we aimed to identify critical factors that influence the relationship between the KCL score and geriatric depression. Methods This survey was a cross-sectional observational study design, performed from 2013 to 2019. A total of 8, 760 participants aged 65 years and over were recruited from five cohorts in Japan, consisting of 6, 755 persons in Chubu, 1, 328 in Kanto, 481 in Kyushu, 49 in Shikoku and 147 in Tohoku. After obtaining informed consent from each participant, assessments were conducted, and outcomes were evaluated according to the ORANGE protocol. We collected data on demographics, KCL, physical, cognitive and mental evaluations. To clarify the relationship between the KCL and geriatric depression or critical factors, a random intercept model of multi-level models was estimated using individual and provincial variables depending on five cohorts. Results The KCL score was correlated with depression status. Moreover, the results of a random intercept model showed that the KCL score and geriatric depression were associated, and its association was affected by provincial factors of slow walking speed, polypharmacy and sex difference. Conclusions These results suggest that provincial factors of low walking performance, polypharmacy and sex difference (female) might be clinically targeted to improve the KCL score in older adults.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0252723

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本理学療法士学会  

DOI： 10.15063/rigaku.48-2kikaku_Makizako_Hyuma

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：理学療法科学学会  

<p>〔目的〕新型コロナウイルス感染症（COVID-19）の感染拡大予防対策に伴う外出自粛時期前後での運動教室に参加していた地域在住高齢者における身体活動量の変化を調べた．〔対象と方法〕対象は地域在住高齢者15名，2019年9月（緊急事態宣言前）と2020年4月（緊急事態宣言中）における身体活動量と生活空間（LSA）の変化を比較した．身体活動量は3軸加速度計を用いて計測した．〔結果〕緊急事態宣言前に比べて緊急事態宣言中は2割の者で町外への外出（生活空間レベル5）をしておらず，LSAスコアが低下傾向であったが，有意な変化ではなかった．身体活動量も有意な変化はなかった．〔結語〕2020年4月中旬時点において運動教室に参加していた高齢者は，生活範囲の顕著な変化および身体活動量の低下は認められなかった．</p>

DOI： 10.1589/rika.36.35

CiNii Books

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：一般財団法人 学会誌刊行センター  

<p>We examined the association between nutrient intake and prefrailty. Data from 815 older people (63% women) who participated in a community-based health check survey (Tarumizu Study) were analyzed. Prefrailty were defined using five parameters (exhaustion, slowness, weakness, low physical activity, and weight loss). Participants with one or more components were considered to belong to the prefrailty group. Nutrition intake was estimated from a validated brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. Among the participants, 154 men (52%) and 278 women (54%) were found to be in a status of prefrailty. In men, there were no significant associations between nutrient intake and prefrailty. In women, carbohydrate intake was slightly higher in prefrailty group. Vitamins K, B₁, B₂, folic acid, pantothenic acid, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, and copper intake was significantly lower in the prefrailty group. Among the nutrients, magnesium was identified as a significant covariate of prefrailty using a stepwise regression method. In women adjusted ORs (95%CI, <i>p</i> value) for prefrailty in the first, second, third, and fourth quartiles of magnesium intake were 1.00 (reference), 0.52 (0.29–0.92, 0.024), 0.51 (0.28–0.95, 0.033), and 0.38 (0.19–0.74, 0.005), respectively, by multivariate logistic regression analysis (variates: age, body mass index, energy intake, supplement use, osteoporosis, magnesium, and protein intake). Protein intake did not related to prefrailty. Protein intake might be sufficient to prevent prefrailty in the present study. We propose magnesium to be an important micronutrient that prevents prefrailty in community-dwelling older Japanese women.</p>

DOI： 10.3177/jnsv.67.39

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry  

Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to clarify the relationship between apathy, meaningful activities, and satisfaction with such activities of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: We analyzed 235 older adults with MCI (≥65 years, mean age: 76.9 ± 6.4 years, women: 63.4%) who participated in a community-based health check survey (Tarumizu Study 2018). MCI was defined as at least 1.5 SD below the reference threshold (age- and education-adjusted score) on one or more of the computerized cognitive test including memory, attention, executive functions, and processing speed. Apathy symptoms were assessed using three of the 15 items of Geriatric Depression Scale. Participants selected meaningful activities from the 95 activities of the Aid for Decision-Making in Occupation Choice and evaluated their satisfaction and performance. Results: Apathy in MCI was prevalent by 23.8%. The categories of meaningful activities revealed no difference, with, or without apathy. Logistic regression analysis showed that activity satisfaction was significantly associated with apathy after adjusting for age, sex, education, instrumental activities of daily living, depressive symptoms, and MCI subtype (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44–0.88, p = 0.008). Conclusions: Satisfaction with the activities that are deemed meaningful is associated with apathy among community-dwelling older adults with MCI.

DOI： 10.1002/gps.5544

Scopus

PubMed

その他リンク： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1002/gps.5544

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of the American Medical Directors Association  

Objectives: Diabetes and prediabetes contribute to an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia. Currently, it remains unclear whether elevated blood HbA1c levels, including prediabetes levels, affect reversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to normal cognition. This study, therefore, aimed to examine the prospective associations of diabetes and prediabetes with reversion from MCI to normal cognition among community-dwelling older adults. Design: Longitudinal cohort study with a 4-year follow-up. Setting and Participants: Community-dwelling older adults with MCI, aged ≥65 years at baseline (n = 787). Methods: Participants’ medical history of diabetes and blood HbA1c levels at baseline were assessed, and they were classified as control, prediabetes, and diabetes. Objective cognitive screening was performed using a multicomponent neurocognitive test at baseline and follow-up. Reversion from MCI to normal cognition over 4 years was determined. In the longitudinal analysis, we performed multiple imputations to adjust for a selection bias and loss of information. Results: The reversion rates of MCI in the control, prediabetes, and diabetes groups were 63.4%, 55.6%, and 42.9%, respectively, in the completed follow-up dataset, and 54.6%, 47.2%, and 34.1%, respectively, in the imputed dataset. Multivariate logistic regression showed that diabetes decreases the probability of MCI reversion both before and after multiple imputations [odds ratio (OR) 0.37; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.18–0.74 for before imputation, OR 0.37; 95% CI 0.19–0.72 for after imputation]. Furthermore, prediabetes also showed significantly decreased probabilities of MCI reversion both before and after multiple imputations (OR 0.57; 95% CI 0.34–0.94 for before imputation, OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.37–0.97 for after imputation). Conclusions and Implications: Diabetes and prediabetes could inhibit MCI reversion. Adequate glycemic control may be effective in enhancing the reversion from MCI to normal cognition in a community setting.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.02.033

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Healthcare (Switzerland)  

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine the association between diet variety and physical frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Data of 577 older adults (mean age: 74.0 ± 6.3 years, women: 62.5%) were analyzed. Diet variety was assessed using the Food Frequency Score (FFS) (maximum, 30 points). The FFS assessed the one-week consumption frequency of ten foods (meat, fish/shellfish, eggs, milk & dairy products, soybean products, green & yellow vegetables, potatoes, fruits, seafood, and fats & oil). Physical frailty was assessed using Fried’s component (slowness, weakness, exhaustion, low physical activity, and weight loss). The participants were classified into frail, pre-frail, and non-frail groups. The prevalence of physical frailty was 6.6%. This study found significant associations between physical frailty and low FFS after adjusting for covariates (odds ratio (OR) 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.84–0.97, p < 0.01). The optimal cutoff point of the FFS for physical frailty was ≤16 points. FFS lower than the cutoff point were significantly associated with physical frailty after adjusting for covariates (OR 3.46, 95% CI 1.60–7.50, p < 0.01). Diet variety assessed using the FFS cutoff value of ≤16 points was related to the physical frailty status in community-dwelling older adults.

DOI： 10.3390/healthcare9010032

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Gerontology  

Introduction: Frailty is associated with adverse outcomes, but few studies have determined associations between the frailty phenotype and measures of healthcare burden, including long-term care insurance (LTCI) costs, in older community-dwelling populations. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association between frailty status and subsequent LTCI costs in Japanese community-dwelling older adults. Methods: The prospective data were from a cohort study (National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Study of Geriatric Syndromes [NCGG-SGS]). The participants were community-dwelling older adults (mean age 71.8 years, women 50.7%) participating in an NCGG-SGS baseline examination held between August 2011 and February 2012 in Obu, Japan (N = 4,539). At baseline, we assessed the physical frailty phenotype using the Japanese version of the CHS criteria and categorized it as robust, pre-frail, or frail. We also ascertained care-needs certification and total costs using long-term care services in Japan's public LTCI system during the 29 months. Results: During the 29-month follow-up period, 239 participants (5.3%) required the LTCI system's care-needs certification and 163 participants (3.6%) used LTCI services. Participants classified as frail (odds ratio 5.85, 95% confidence interval 3.54-9.66) or pre-frail (2.40, 1.58-3.66) at the baseline assessment had an increased risk of requiring care-needs certification compared with robust participants. The mean total costs for LTCI services during the 29 months were Currency sign6,434 ($63.1) for robust, Currency sign19,324 ($189.5) for pre-frail, and Currency sign147,718 ($1,448.2) for frail participants (1 US dollar = 102 Japanese yen in July 2014). There were significantly higher costs associated with advancing frailty status. Individual frailty components (slowness, weakness, exhaustion, low activity, and weight loss) were also associated with higher total costs for using LTCI services. Discussion/Conclusion: Frail community-dwelling older adults had a higher risk of requiring the LTCI system's care-needs certification and the subsequent total LTCI costs.

DOI： 10.1159/000514679

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：The Journal of frailty &amp; aging  

Objective: To examine whether age-specific prevalence of frailty in Japan changed between 2012 and 2017. Design: This study performed meta-analyses of data collected from 2012 to 2017 using the Integrated Longitudinal Studies on Aging in Japan (ILSA-J), a collection of representative Japanese cohort studies. Setting: The ILSA-J studies were conducted on community-living older adults. Participants: ILSA-J studies were considered eligible for analysis if they assessed physical frailty status and presence of frailty in the sample. Seven studies were analyzed for 2012 (±1 year; n = 10312) and eight studies were analyzed for 2017 (±1 year; n = 7010). Five studies were analyzed for both 2012 and 2017. loss: Results: The overall prevalence of physical frailty was 7.0% in 2012 and 5.3% in 2017. The prevalence of frailty, especially in people 70 years and older, tended to decrease in 2017 compared to 2012. Slight decreases were found in the prevalence of frailty subitems including weight loss, slowness, exhaustion, and low activity between 2012 and 2017, but change in the prevalence of weakness was weaker than other components. Conclusions: The prevalence of physical frailty decreased from 2012 to 2017. There are age- and gender-related variations in the decrease of each component of frailty.

DOI： 10.14283/jfa.2020.68

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

<p>　日常生活において，運動によって身体活動を促進することは，全世代を通して心身に効果的であることはおそらく疑いの余地はないであろう。身体活動の減少は，喫煙，高血圧に次いで日本人の死亡に及ぼす危険因子とされており，さまざまな疾患の発症リスクを増大させる（Ikeda N, <i>et al</i>. 2011）。とくに，高齢期の日常生活における身体活動（physical activity）を促進することは，健康寿命の延伸を目指すうえでの重要な課題のひとつと考える。</p><p>　習慣的な運動や積極的な身体活動は，認知症の発症リスクを低減させることにも寄与するとされている。週3回以上の運動習慣（15分以上の運動：ウォーキング，ハイキング，サイクリング，スイミング，水中運動，有酸素運動や柔軟体操，筋力トレーニングやストレッチングなど）を有する者では，週3回未満の者に比べて認知症を発症する危険が約38％低かったことが報告されている（Larson EB, <i>et al</i>. 2006）。さらに，運動習慣が認知症の発症に及ぼす影響は，軽度から中等度の運動機能の低下を認めた高齢者ほど顕著であった。つまり，やや運動機能の低下が生じ始めた時期に，より意識的に身体活動を維持・向上しておくことの重要性を示している。また，日常的な運動習慣は，加齢による脳萎縮の抑制に対しても効果的であることが期待されている（Cabral DF, <i>et al</i>. 2019）。</p><p>　しかしながら，身体的活動を増加させるほどに望ましいかについては慎重になるべきである。高齢女性16,741名を対象に1日の歩数と死亡発生との関連を縦断的に調べた報告によると，約7,500歩に達するまでは1日歩数の増加は死亡リスク低減と関連したが，1日10,000歩に達することの付加的な利得は認められなかった（Lee IM, <i>et al</i>. 2019）。</p><p>　一般的に健康的な心身機能を維持するためには週150分（1日30分，週5日間）程度の中強度程度（やや速歩き相当）の運動の実施が推奨されている（Nelson ME, 2007）。しかし，高齢者にとっては中強度以上の負荷を伴う運動はさまざまな障壁やリスクを抱えることも少なくない。低強度から中強度の運動による身体活動（週3回程度）であっても，将来の認知障害の発生が有意に低くなることが報告されており（Sofi F, <i>et al</i>. 2011），たとえ低強度から中強度程度の負荷の運動であっても習慣化することが高齢期の認知機能低下の予防に有効であるかもしれない。さらに，アルツハイマー病を発症する9～10年程度前から身体活動量が低下し始めるとされている（Sabia S, <i>et al</i>. 2017）。そのため，一時的に運動習慣を習得して身体活動量を高めるだけではなく，高めた身体活動量を維持する生活スタイルをいかにして確立するかがさらに重要である。</p><p>　日常におけるさまざまな活動には，身体的活動（physical activity）の他，知的活動（cognitive activity），社会的活動（social activity）などがあり，これらが高齢期における健康関連指標へ影響を及ぼすことが示唆されている。日常でこれらの活動をいかに多面的に促進していくかが健康長寿の鍵になると考えられ，理学療法には対象者の活動の多様性と継続性を支援することも重要な対策のひとつと考えられる。</p>

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.48S1.C-61

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.48S1.E-71_1

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.48S1.E-108_1

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.48S1.E-69_2

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

<p>　新型コロナウイルス（COVID-19）感染拡大に伴う緊急事態宣言発令以降，外出の自粛要請をはじめとする多くの対策がなされた。その結果，地域・在宅で生活する高齢者や要介護者は活動の制限を余儀なくされ，諸機能の低下を招いた者も認められた。このような状況の中，本学会では感染予防や自粛中の関わり方など，COVID-19に関する情報共有をはじめ，実務に有益な情報の発信や調査・報告などを行うため，有志による特別チームを立ち上げ，活動を行ってきた。</p><p>　緊急事態宣言の解除以降は，地域の通いの場の再開や医療・介護サービスの実施にあたって，感染予防の徹底を図るとともに，新しい日常生活様式を踏まえた介入方法を模索しながら活動を行っている。また，第2波，第3波への備えや新たな地域交流・社会参加を目指すために必要な情報，事例を提示するとともに，アンケート調査の結果などから得られた臨床の課題についても取り組み始めている。</p><p>　この特別シンポジウムでは，特別チームの活動について報告するとともに，現状の課題を踏まえ，その解決に向けた対策など，何かしらの情報提供や方向性を提示できれば幸いです。</p>

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.48S1.B-46

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本臨床栄養協会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本作業療法士協会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本作業療法士協会  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health  

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph17144960

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本医学教育学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本リハビリテーション医学会  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本理学療法士協会  

【目的】地域在住高齢者の有する腰痛と膝痛が、急性もしくは慢性疼痛であるかの違いによって身体機能に及ぼす影響を明らかにする。【方法】地域コホート研究(垂水研究2018)に参加した65歳以上の高齢者735名を対象とした。質問紙により急性・慢性疼痛の有無を聴取し、歩行速度および握力との関連を分析した。【結果】ロジスティック回帰分析の結果、慢性疼痛の有無は歩行速度低下と有意に関連していたが(調整後オッズ比2.55、p=0.001)、急性疼痛との関連はなかった(調整後オッズ比1.19、p=0.632)(年齢、性別、GDS-15、内服薬数、ASMI、握力を共変量)。急性・慢性疼痛の有無と握力低下との関連はなかった(急性疼痛有無:調整後オッズ比1.22、p=0.477。慢性疼痛有無:調整後オッズ比0.85、p=0.530)。【結論】地域在住高齢者において、慢性疼痛を有することと歩行速度低下との関連が示唆された。(著者抄録)

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Clinical Medicine  

DOI： 10.3390/jcm9030795

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：BMJ Open  

DOI： 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032679

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health  

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph17010175

Scopus

PubMed

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Clinical Medicine  

DOI： 10.3390/jcm9010099

Scopus

PubMed

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Clinical Medicine  

DOI： 10.3390/jcm8111937

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Geriatrics and Gerontology International  

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.13785

Scopus

PubMed

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Geriatrics and Gerontology International  

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.13734

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Journal of Sleep Research  

DOI： 10.1111/jsr.12803

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本老年医学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(NPO)日本高血圧学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本老年医学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(NPO)日本高血圧学会  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health  

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph16081330

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health  

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph16071292

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health  

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph16071228

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1123/japa.2017-0326

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Alzheimer's Research and Therapy  

DOI： 10.1186/s13195-019-0480-5

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)ワールドプランニング  

本研究は、独居高齢者に焦点をあてて、心の理論と社会参加の関連について検討した。鹿児島県垂水市における垂水研究2017に参加した地域在住高齢者のうち独居者102人を対象とした。調査項目は、心の理論、年齢、性別、認知機能、抑うつ状態、社会参加、外出頻度、毎日の他者との会話の有無とした。心の理論の一次的信念課題はサリーとアン課題とし、同課題に「アンが宝物を移す様子を窓からサリーが見ている」という内容を加え「アンは、戻ってきたサリーがどこを探すと思うか」と質問し、二次的信念課題とした。一次的・二次的信念課題それぞれで、正解と不正解の2群に分けて単変量解析を行い、有意差を認めた項目を独立変数、正解・不正解を従属変数としたロジスティック回帰分析を行った。その結果、二次的信念課題において、社会参加が関連因子として抽出された。独居高齢者において、心の理論を保つために社会参加を支援することの重要性が示唆された。(著者抄録)

その他リンク： https://search.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2019&ichushi_jid=J02464&link_issn=&doc_id=20190305030008&doc_link_id=%2Faj2rsizd%2F2019%2F003002%2F009%2F0177-0184%26dl%3D0&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.medicalonline.jp%2Fjamas.php%3FGoodsID%3D%2Faj2rsizd%2F2019%2F003002%2F009%2F0177-0184%26dl%3D0&type=MedicalOnline&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00004_2.gif

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging  

DOI： 10.1007/s12603-018-1110-9

Scopus

その他リンク： http://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12603-018-1110-9.pdf

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Geriatrics and Gerontology International  

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.13571

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Gerontology  

DOI： 10.1159/000487759

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：日本理学療法士学会  

<p>The aim of this systematic review and meta-analyses was to calculate the pooled prevalence of sarcopenia based on the Asia Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) criteria among Japanese community-dwelling older adults. Data from 8 studies were used to determine the prevalence of sarcopenia in the overall population and in men; data from 9 studies were used to determine that of women. The pooled prevalence rates of sarcopenia using random-effects models were 9.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.2%-15.4%) overall; 9.8% (95% CI, 6.2%-15.2%) among men; and 10.1% (95% CI, 6.4%-15.5%) among women. These findings would be useful to inform community-based strategies and advanced research addressing sarcopenia prevention.</p>

DOI： 10.1298/ptr.R0005

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本作業療法研究学会  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Geriatrics and Gerontology International  

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.13525

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle  

DOI： 10.1002/jcsm.12330

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Gait and Posture  

DOI： 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.08.030

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Geriatrics and Gerontology International  

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.13504

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Experimental Gerontology  

DOI： 10.1016/j.exger.2018.06.002

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本作業療法士協会  

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Journal of Clinical Medicine  

DOI： 10.3390/jcm7090250

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Journal of the American Medical Directors Association  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.09.019

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Maturitas  

DOI： 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.03.007

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Geriatrics and Gerontology International  

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.13260

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Journal of the American Medical Directors Association  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jamda.2018.02.008

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(NPO)日本高血圧学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本老年医学会  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry  

DOI： 10.1002/gps.4837

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公財)明治安田厚生事業団  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： doi:10.3390/ijerph15030490

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health  

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph15030490

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry  

DOI： 10.1002/gps.4776

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Geriatrics and Gerontology International  

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.13180

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Journal of Aging and Health  

DOI： 10.1177/0898264316673253

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)理学療法科学学会  

[目的]脳卒中患者の回復期リハビリテーション病棟入院時情報から3ヵ月後の歩行自立を判別するための予測チャートを作成すること。[対象と方法]初発脳卒中患者251例を対象として、入院時の身体機能と認知機能、基本動作自立度、バランス能力、日常生活自立度から入院3ヵ月後の歩行自立を予測するための決定木を、信号検出分析法にて求めた。[結果]起居動作能力、バランス能力、認知機能が有意な予測因子として抽出され、入院3ヵ月後の歩行自立を予測するための決定木が得られた。[結語]脳卒中の回復期に適応した歩行自立の予測チャートが作成された。(著者抄録)

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging  

DOI： 10.1007/s12603-017-0916-1

Scopus

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：American Journal of Health Behavior  

DOI： 10.5993/AJHB.42.1.5

Scopus

PubMed

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： doi: 10.1159/000486547

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：理学療法科学学会  

〔目的〕脳卒中患者の回復期リハビリテーション病棟入院時情報から3ヵ月後の歩行自立を判別するための予測チャートを作成すること．〔対象と方法〕初発脳卒中患者251例を対象として，入院時の身体機能と認知機能，基本動作自立度，バランス能力，日常生活自立度から入院3ヵ月後の歩行自立を予測するための決定木を，信号検出分析法にて求めた．〔結果〕起居動作能力，バランス能力，認知機能が有意な予測因子として抽出され，入院3ヵ月後の歩行自立を予測するための決定木が得られた．〔結語〕脳卒中の回復期に適応した歩行自立の予測チャートが作成された．

DOI： 10.1589/rika.33.145

Scopus

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：英語  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Geriatrics and Gerontology International  

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.13072

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Geriatrics and Gerontology International  

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.13079

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Geriatrics and Gerontology International  

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.13102

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(NPO)愛知県理学療法学会  

【目的】回復期脳卒中患者に対する認知関連行動アセスメント(以下、CBA)の評価者間信頼性を検討した。【方法】理学療法士6名と日常業務でCBAを用いた評価を実施しており十分な臨床経験を有する言語聴覚士を評価者とし、脳卒中患者21名のCBAにおける6領域の重症度を5段階で評価させた。評価者間信頼性の検討は、理学療法士6名の評価結果と理学療法士を臨床経験年数で分けた2群の評価結果を言語聴覚士の評価結果を外的基準に比較して、領域別得点は重み付きκ係数、合計点は級内相関係数(2,1)を算出した。さらに、合計点はBland-Altman分析により系統誤差を確認した後、標準誤差を算出した。【結果】評価者間信頼性は重み付きκ係数が0.62〜0.92、級内相関係数(2,1)が0.86〜0.91と高かった。系統誤差の存在はなく、標準誤差は2〜3点であった。【結論】CBAの評価者間信頼性は高く、今後は多様な職種や環境での連携においても臨床応用が期待できると考えた。(著者抄録)

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Geriatrics and Gerontology International  

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.13018

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Journal of the American Medical Directors Association  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.05.017

Scopus

PubMed

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle  

DOI： 10.1002/jcsm.12197

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Journal of the American Medical Directors Association  

DOI： 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.02.004

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation  

DOI： 10.1186/s12984-017-0263-9

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of the American Medical Directors Association  

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that a long-term, structured cognitive leisure activity program is more effective than a health education program at reducing the risk of further cognitive decline in older adults with mild cognitive impairment syndrome (MCI), a high risk for dementia. DESIGN: A 3-arm, single-blind randomized controlled trial. SETTING: Community. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 201 Japanese adults with MCI (mean age: 76.0 years, 52% women). INTERVENTIONS: Participants were randomized into 1 of 2 cognitive leisure activity programs (60 minutes weekly for 40 weeks): dance (n = 67) and playing musical instruments (n = 67), or a health education control group (n = 67). MEASUREMENTS: Primary outcomes were memory function changes at 40 weeks. Secondary outcomes included changes in Mini-Mental State Examination and nonmemory domain (Trail Making Tests A and B) scores. RESULTS: At 40 weeks, the dance group showed improved memory recall scores compared with controls [mean change (SD): dance group 0.73 (1.9) vs controls 0.01 (1.9); P = .011], whereas the music group did not show an improvement compared with controls (P = .123). Both dance [mean change (SD): 0.29 (2.6); P = .026] and music groups [mean change (SD): 0.46 (2.1); P = .008] showed improved Mini-Mental State Examination scores compared with controls [mean change (SD): -0.36 (2.3)]. No difference in the nonmemory cognitive tests was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Long-term cognitive leisure activity programs involving dance or playing musical instruments resulted in improvements in memory and general cognitive function compared with a health education program in older adults with MCI. TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN-CTR UMIN000014261.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jamda.2017.02.013

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(公社)日本理学療法士協会  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Physical Therapy  

Background: Lower extremity functioning is important for maintaining activity in elderly people. Optimal cutoff points for standard measurements of lower extremity functioning would help identify elderly people who are not disabled but have a high risk of developing disability. Objective: The purposes of this study were: (1) to determine the optimal cutoff points of the Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test and the Timed "Up & Go" Test for predicting the development of disability and (2) to examine the impact of poor performance on both tests on the prediction of the risk of disability in elderly people dwelling in the community. Design: This was a prospective cohort study. Methods: A population of 4,335 elderly people dwelling in the community (mean age = 71.7 years; 51.6% women) participated in baseline assessments. Participants were monitored for 2 years for the development of disability. Results: During the 2-year follow-up period, 161 participants (3.7%) developed disability. The optimal cutoff points of the Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test and the Timed "Up & Go" Test for predicting the development of disability were greater than or equal to 10 seconds and greater than or equal to 9 seconds, respectively. Participants with poor performance on the Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test (hazard ratio = 1.88; 95% CI = 1.11, 3.20), the Timed "Up & Go" Test (hazard ratio = 2.24; 95% CI = 1.42, 3.53), or both tests (hazard ratio = 2.78; 95% CI = 1.78, 4.33) at the baseline assessment had a significantly higher risk of developing disability than participants who had better lower extremity functioning. Limitations: All participants had good initial functioning and participated in assessments on their own. Causes of disability were not assessed. Conclusions: Assessments of lower extremity functioning with the Five-Times Sit-to-Stand Test and the Timed "Up & Go" Test, especially poor performance on both tests, were good predictors of future disability in elderly people dwelling in the community.

DOI： 10.2522/ptj.20150665

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Maturitas  

OBJECTIVES: The present study examined the association between anorexia of aging and physical frailty among older people. STUDY DESIGN: An observational, cross-sectional cohort design was used with a sample of 4417 elderly Japanese citizens living in a community setting. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Frailty was operationalized as the following frailty components: slowness, weakness, exhaustion, low level of physical activity, and weight loss. Participants were grouped as non-frail, pre-frail, and frail, and categorized as anorexic or not using questionnaire cutoff scores. Measured covariates were as follows: sociodemographic variables, medical history, life style, body mass index, blood nutrition data, self-rated health, depressive symptoms, and cognitive function. RESULTS: The prevalence of anorexia of aging in each group was as follows: non-frail, 7.9%; pre-frail, 14.8%; frail, 21.2% (P for trend<0.001). After adjusting for all covariates, independent associations were identified between anorexia of aging and slowness (OR 1.42, 95% CI: 1.14-1.75, P=0.002), exhaustion (OR 1.39, 95% CI: 1.11-1.74, P=0.004) and weight loss (OR 1.37, 95% CI: 1.05-1.79, P=0.019), but not weakness or low level of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: Anorexia of aging is importantly associated with frailty and the following frailty components: slowness, exhaustion, and weight loss. Future research should prospectively examine frailty's causal connection with anorexia of aging.

DOI： 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.12.005

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Geriatrics and Gerontology International  

AIM: The purpose of the present study was to examine whether the combination of subjective sleep quality and physical activity is associated with cognitive performance among community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: Cross-sectional data on 5381 older adults who participated in part of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology - Study of Geriatric Syndromes were analyzed. We assessed general cognitive impairment using the Mini-Mental State Examination, and also assessed story memory, attention, executive function and processing speed using the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Functional Assessment Tool. Physical activity was assessed using two questionnaires, and participants were categorized as active or inactive. Sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and participants were categorized as having poor (PS) or good sleep quality (GS). RESULTS: Participants in the inactive + PS group had worse performances than those in the active + GS group in all cognitive measures (Mini-Mental State Examination: P = 0.008, story memory: P = 0.007, other cognitive measures: P < 0.001), and also had worse performances than those in the inactive + GS and active + PS groups in the trail-making test, part B, and the symbol digit substitution test (P < 0.001, respectively). Additionally, participants in the inactive + GS group had worse performances than in the active + GS in the trail-making test, part B, and the symbol digit substitution test (P = 0.002 and P = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Inactivity and poor sleep quality were associated with poor cognitive performance among community-dwelling older adults. The combination of poor sleep quality and physical inactivity also worsened cognitive performance. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; **: **-**.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.12973

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry  

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate whether sitting time, as a form of sedentary behaviour, is related to incident depressive symptoms in older people. METHODS: This study included 3503 participants (mean age 71.7 years, 50.1% female) from the 'Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly' cohort study. At baseline and then 15 months later, the participants reported their status of depressive symptoms using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale. During the baseline assessment, the participants were also asked about their sedentary behaviour on weekdays over the past 7 days and, from there, categorized into three groups (<240, 240-480, >/=480 min/day). Demographic data and the other health behaviours were also assessed at the baseline. RESULTS: Cross-sectional analysis revealed that 437 participants (12.0%) had depressive symptoms. In a prospective analysis, the logistic regression model revealed that the odds ratio for depressive symptom incidence was higher in participants who, at baseline, spent 480 min or more per day sitting (1.636; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.015 to 2.636, p = 0.043), and in those who spent 240-480 min (1.605; 95% CI 1.085 to 2.375, p = 0.018) in comparison with those who spent less than 240 min. CONCLUSIONS: Sedentary behaviour significantly affects the risk of incident depressive symptoms. Further research is needed to develop an intervention strategy to manage depressive symptoms, as the second most common cause of burden of disease among older adults. Copyright (c) 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

DOI： 10.1002/gps.4461

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry  

OBJECTIVE: Although subjective memory complaints (SMCs) are considered a risk factor for incident dementia in older people, the effect might differ based on cognitive function. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the effect of SMCs on the incidence of dementia in older people differed based on cognitive function. DESIGN: A 24-month follow-up cohort study. SETTING: Japanese community. PARTICIPANTS: Prospective, longitudinal data for incident dementia were collected for 3,672 participants (mean age: 71.7 years; 46.5% men) for up to 24 months. MEASUREMENTS: Baseline measurements included covariates for incident dementia, SMCs, and cognitive function. Associations between SMCs, cognitive impairment, and incident dementia were examined using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: Incidences of dementia in the cognitively intact without SMC, cognitively intact with SMC, cognitive impairment without SMC, and cognitive impairment with SMC groups were 0.3%, 1.8%, 3.4%, and 4.8%, respectively. In the cognitively intact participants, SMCs were associated with a significantly higher risk of dementia (hazard ratio [HR]: 4.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52-16.11, p = 0.008). Incident dementia with cognitive impairment was not significantly different based on SMC presence (p = 0.527). Participants with cognitive impairment in multiple domains had a significantly higher risk of incident dementia (HR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.01-4.24, p = 0.046) CONCLUSION: SMCs were related with dementia in cognitively intact older people, but not in those with cognitive impairment.Multiple domains of cognitive impairment were associated with a higher risk of incident dementia.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jagp.2016.12.008

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

<p>【はじめに，目的】高齢期における歩行速度の低下は重要な転倒リスクのひとつである。歩行速度は歩幅と歩行率（ケイデンス）から決定され，この両因子から求める歩行比（歩幅/ケイデンス）は歩行速度を維持するための戦略を表す個人の歩行パターンと捉えられる。しかし，歩行比と転倒の関連性については十分に検討されていない。本研究の目的は，地域在住高齢者を対象に歩行比と転倒の関連性を横断的に検討することである。</p><p></p><p></p><p>【方法】National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Study of Geriatric Syndromesに参加した65歳以上の地域在住高齢者10,885名のうち，アルツハイマー病，パーキンソン病，脳卒中の現病および既往のある者，MMSEが18点未満の者，欠損値がある者を除外した9,205名（女性4,987名，平均年齢73.7±5.6歳）を解析対象とした。ANIMA社製ウォークWay MV-1000を用いて通常歩行速度にて歩行評価を実施し，歩行速度，歩幅，ケイデンスを評価指標とした。歩行比は歩幅をケイデンスで除して算出し（m/（step/min）），3分位の値を基に対象者を3群（T1，T2：参照，T3）に群分けした。なお，各歩行指標は，関谷ら（1996年）の報告に準じて身長を用いて補正した。転倒経験は，過去1年間の転倒経験の有無を聴取した。共変量として，基本属性，病歴，服薬数，転倒恐怖感の有無，平均歩行時間（分/日）を聴取し，Body Mass Index，うつ症状（Geriatric Depression Scale），MMSEを評価した。統計解析は，転倒の有無を従属変数，歩行速度低下（1.0m/秒未満）の有無および歩行比を独立変数とした多重ロジスティック回帰分析を実施した。さらに，歩行速度の低下の有無による関係性の違いを検討するために歩行速度1.0m/秒以上および未満で層分けして同様の分析を実施した。有意水準は5%未満とした。</p><p></p><p></p><p>【結果】全対象者における過去1年間の転倒経験率は17.6％であった。転倒経験に対して，歩行速度低下の有無と歩行比を同時投入した結果，歩行速度低下および歩行比の値が小さいT1群において有意な関係性を示した（歩行速度　OR：1.40，95%CI：1.21-1.62，歩行比　OR：1.18，95%CI：1.03-1.35）。さらに，1.0m/秒未満の群（1,496名）での解析では歩行比は転倒と有意な関連性を認めなかったが，1.0m/秒以上の群（7,709名）ではT1群において転倒と有意な関連性を認めた（OR：1.29，95%CI：1.11-1.50）。</p><p></p><p>【結論】本研究より，歩行速度が低下している群では歩行比と過去1年の転倒経験との間に有意な関連性はみられなかったが，歩行速度を維持できている群においては，歩行比が小さいことが転倒経験と関連していることが示唆された。歩行比が小さいことは，歩幅の減少，あるいはケイデンスの増加を反映しており，歩行速度の維持のためにケイデンスを増加させる戦略を選択していると考えられる。今後は，このような歩行戦略の違いが将来の転倒発生と関連するかについて，縦断的な検討する必要である。</p>

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.2016.1484

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

<p>【はじめに，目的】</p><p></p><p>歩行能力低下は軽度認知障害（mild cognitive impairment：MCI）や認知症を有する高齢者の問題点の一つとして認識されている。MCIは，認知症を発症するリスクが高い一方で，健常への改善も認められるため，認知症予防ひいては介護予防の対象として着目すべきであると考えられている。しかし，MCI高齢者において歩行速度低下を伴う場合に，認知症の発症リスクが増加するかについては未だ明らかにされていない。本研究は，縦断研究を実施し，歩行速度低下が認知症のリスクにどのような影響を与えるかをMCIに着目して検討することを目的とした。</p><p></p><p>【方法】</p><p></p><p>本研究は，National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Study of Geriatric Syndromesの参加者の中から，2011年度に実施した調査に参加した65歳以上の者とし，ベースラインにおいて認知症，パーキンソン病，脳卒中の病歴がある者，MMSEが24点未満の者，診療情報が得られない者を除外した3749名を対象とした。ベースラインにて測定した歩行速度，認知機能，一般特性，服薬数，Geriatric Depression Scale，身体活動習慣に加え，医療診療情報から得られる追跡期間中の認知症の発症をアウトカムとした。歩行が1.0m/s未満の場合を歩行速度低下とし，認知症ではなく日常生活が自立し全般的認知機能は保たれているが，NCGG-FATによる認知機能評価で客観的な認知機能低下を認めた者をMCIとした。</p><p></p><p>【結果】</p><p></p><p>対象者3749名（平均年齢72歳，女性53％）を，歩行速度低下とMCIのいずれにも該当しない群（control群：n＝2608），歩行速度低下のみを有する群（SG群：n=358），MCIのみを有する群（MCI群：n=628），歩行速度低下とMCIの両方を有する群（MCI+SG群：n=155）に群分けした。追跡期間中（平均追跡期間：42.7ヶ月）に認知症を発症した者は168名であった。目的変数に認知症の発症，説明変数に歩行速度とMCIによる群要因を設定し，その他の測定項目を共変量として調整した生存分析を実施した結果，control群に比べ，SG群（HR：1.12，95%CI：0.67-1.87）は認知症の発症との有意な関係は認めなかったが，MCI群（HR：2.05，95%CI：1.39-3.01）ならびにMCI+SG群（HR：3.49，95%CI：2.17-5.63）は認知症の発症と有意な関係性を有していた。</p><p></p><p>【結論】</p><p></p><p>MCI高齢者における歩行能力低下は認知症のリスクを増加させることが明らかになった。高齢者が認知機能障害を有する場合には，認知機能だけではなく歩行能力を評価し，適切なリスク評価を考慮して介入を行う必要があると考えられる。</p>

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.2016.1520

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

<p>【はじめに，目的】</p><p></p><p>サルコペニアは加齢に伴う筋量や筋力の低下を特徴とする症候群であり，理学療法の重要な対象となる。一方，軽度認知機能低下は認知症発症のリスクだけでなく身体機能低下のリスクにもなるため，要介護発生のリスクを増加させる要因の一つと考えられる。しかし，サルコペニアと軽度認知機能低下が併存する高齢者の要介護発生リスクは未だ明らかではなく，そのような者では要介護発生リスクがさらに高いことが予想され，予防理学療法のより重要な適応となる可能性が極めて高い。そこで，地域在住高齢者を対象とした2年間の前方視的な調査を行い，サルコペニアおよび軽度認知機能低下と要介護発生状況との関連を調査した。</p><p></p><p></p><p>【方法】</p><p></p><p>対象は，National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Study of Geriatric Syndromesの70歳以上の健診受診者5257名のうち，パーキンソン病，脳卒中，うつ病の既往歴がある者，要介護認定者，MMSE21点未満の者，測定項目に欠損がある者，ペースメーカー使用者，死亡または市外転居した者を除く3900名とした。</p><p></p><p>ベースライン評価は骨格筋量，握力，歩行速度，Mini-Mental State Examination（以下：MMSE），Geriatric Depression Scale（以下：GDS），薬剤投与数，教育年数，アルコール摂取，喫煙，その他基本属性を調査した。サルコペニアはAsian Working Group for Sarcopeniaのアルゴリズムにより判定を行い，認知機能低下はMMSEが26点以下の者とした。ベースライン以降の24か月間における新規要支援・要介護発生の有無を調べた。統計解析は，ベースライン評価によって健常群，サルコペニア群，軽度認知機能低下群，サルコペニアと軽度認知機能低下の併存群の4群に分け，Log-rank検定およびCox比例ハザード回帰分析を行い，有意水準は5%未満とした。</p><p></p><p></p><p>【結果】</p><p></p><p>調査対象3900名のうち，健常群1788名，サルコペニア群120名，軽度認知機能低下群1853名，併存群139名であり，288名（7.4%）が2年間で要支援・要介護を新規に発生した。各群の新規要支援・要介護発生率は，健常群5.1%，サルコペニア群8.3%，軽度認知機能低下群8.6%，併存群18.7%であり，Log-rank検定の結果，併存群とその他3群に有意差があった（p＜0.05）。Cox比例ハザード回帰分析による健常群に対する要介護発生のハザード比は性，年齢，体重，GDS，喫煙，教育年数の調整モデルにおいて，サルコペニア群1.05（信頼区間：0.54-2.02），軽度認知機能低下群1.47（信頼区間：1.12-1.90），併存群1.97（信頼区間1.25-3.10）であり，軽度認知機能低下群と併存群は有意に新規要介護発生との関連が認められた。</p><p></p><p></p><p>【結論】</p><p></p><p>健常高齢者と比較して，サルコペニアと軽度認知機能低下を併存する者は約2倍，軽度認知機能低下のみでは約1.5倍の要介護発生リスクであることが示唆された。そのため，サルコペニアの有無に加え，認知機能を評価することは新規要介護リスクを客観的に把握するために有用である。</p>

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.2016.1522

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

<p>【はじめに，目的】身体的フレイルとは包括的に機能が低下した脆弱化した状態を指し，健常高齢者と要介護高齢者の中間的存在とされている。要介護の主要因の一つである転倒は，要介護リスクが高いフレイル高齢者において，特に予防すべき事象である。近年，認知機能の低下が，転倒リスクを高めることが明らかとなってきている。フレイル高齢者の転倒予防を考えていく上で，認知機能低下が転倒とどのように関連しているのか検討することが必要だが，十分に明らかにされていない。そこで，本研究の目的は身体的フレイル高齢者における認知機能低下と転倒との関連性を検討することとする。</p><p></p><p></p><p>【方法】地域高齢者10885名のうち，パーキンソン病・認知症既往者，MMSEが21点未満の者，基本的ADLに障害のある者を除く9990名（平均73.5歳）を対象とした。歩行速度低下，筋力低下，体重減少，易疲労感，身体活動量低下の5項目の内，3項目以上が該当したものを身体的フレイルと判定した。認知機能に関しては，記憶・注意機能・遂行機能・処理速度の評価を行い，年齢・教育歴で標準化したデータにもとづき1.5SD以上の機能低下を1領域でも認めた者は認知機能低下ありと定義した。その上で，健常群，認知機能低下群，フレイル群，フレイル+認知機能低下群の4群に分けた。転倒については，過去1年間の転倒経験の有無を聴取し，転倒に伴う骨折の有無も合わせて聴取した。統計解析は，従属変数に転倒経験の有無，独立変数に群要因（健常群を参照値）と共変量を投入した多変量ロジスティック回帰分析を実施した。</p><p></p><p></p><p>【結果】転倒経験のある者は，健常群15.7%，認定機能低下群18.6%，フレイル群28.4%，フレイル+認知機能低下群31.6％であった。転倒経験の有無を従属変数としたロジスティック回帰分析において，健常群を参照としたオッズ比は，認知機能低下群で1.17（95%CI 1.03－1.34），フレイル群で1.48（95%CI 1.19－1.83），フレイル+認知機能低下群で1.77（95%CI 1.39－2.27）であった。転倒経験を有する者を抽出し，転倒後の骨折経験の有無を従属変数としたロジスティック回帰分析において，健常群を参照値としたオッズ比は，フレイル+認知機能群にのみ有意な関連が認められた（2.56（95%CI 1.36－4.85））。</p><p></p><p></p><p>【結論】転倒に伴う骨折については，身体的フレイルと認定機能低下を併せ持つ高齢者のみ関連性みられた。横断研究のため，因果関係は言及できないが身体的フレイルに認知機能低下が合わさることにより，転倒回避行動の遅延などが生じ，転倒後に生じる骨折との関連が強くなるのではないかと考えられる。一方で，転倒後に骨折した身体的フレイル高齢者の認知機能が低下しているということも考えられるため，今後は前方視的な研究の中で関係性を検討する必要がある。</p>

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.2016.1494

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

<p>【はじめに，目的】認知的フレイルは，身体的フレイルと認知障害を合併した状態として定義され，概念的枠組みが整理されつつある。ただし，その概念を操作的に測定可能な変数に定義して，認知的フレイルが認知症発症に対する影響を調べた研究はない。そこで本研究では，高齢者を対象として，身体的フレイル，認知障害，そしてそれらを合併した認知的フレイルの状況を調べ，認知症発症を追跡調査することで，認知的フレイルと認知症発症との関係を明らかにすることを目的とした。</p><p></p><p></p><p>【方法】対象者は愛知県大府市に在住する65歳以上の高齢者4,072名であった。身体的フレイルは，歩行速度低下，筋力低下，疲労感，身体活動低下，体重減少の5つの項目のうち3つ以上の異常とした。認知障害は，National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Functional Assessment Toolの記憶，注意，実行機能，処理速度検査を用いて，5歳年齢階級の平均値から1.5標準偏差以上の認知機能の低下が2つ以上ある状態を認知障害ありとした。認知症の発症情報は，診療情報明細書情報から取得し，24か月間の追跡調査を実施した。統計解析は，混乱要因を調整したCox比例ハザードモデルを用いて，健常，身体的フレイル，認知障害，認知的フレイルの各群における認知症発症を比較した。</p><p></p><p></p><p>【結果】身体的フレイル，認知障害，認知的フレイルの有症率は，それぞれ5.1%，5.5%，1.1%であった。追跡期間中，認知症を発症した者は81名（2.0%）であった。健常，身体的フレイル，認知障害，認知的フレイルの各群における認知症発症率は，それぞれ1.3%，5.8%，6.3%，18.6%となり，認知的フレイルにおける発症率が高かった。Cox比例ハザードモデルによる分析の結果，健常な高齢者に対するハザード比は，身体的フレイル1.95（95%信頼区間：0.97-3.91），認知障害3.85（95%信頼区間：2.09-7.10），認知的フレイル6.19（95%信頼区間：2.73-13.99）となり，認知的フレイルにおいて高い認知症発症の危険性が認められた。</p><p></p><p></p><p>【結論】身体と認知的問題を合併した高齢者は，認知症になる危険性が高いことが明らかとなった。今後は，これらの高齢者に有効な認知症予防の介入方法を検証していく必要がある。</p>

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.2016.1297

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

<p>【はじめに，目的】</p><p></p><p>老年期の抑うつ状態は，生活の質を低下させるだけでなく，認知症や生活機能障害の要因となることから，予防的対策が重要と考えられる。メンタルヘルスの維持・改善には多様な生活習慣要因が関連していることが予想されるが，身体/認知/社会活動のように複数の側面から抑うつ状態発生に及ぼす影響を明らかとした研究はない。本研究の目的は，老年期における抑うつ状態の新規発生を前向きに調査し，身体/認知/社会の3つの側面からの比較検討により，予防に寄与する活動を明らかにすることである。</p><p></p><p>【方法】</p><p></p><p>愛知県における高齢者機能健診に参加した5,104名のうち，うつ病・パーキンソン病・認知症の既往者，要介護認定者，Mini-Mental State Examination（MMSE）で18点未満者，ベースラインの時点で抑うつ状態であった者を除いて，約15か月後の追跡調査に回答の得られた3,106名（男性1,580名，女性1,526名，平均年齢71.5歳）を最終的な分析対象とした。抑うつ症状はベースラインと15か月後に，Geriatric Depression Scale（GDS）により評価し，6点以上を抑うつ状態ありと判定した。質問紙により活動状況の調査を行い，【身体活動：①散歩・ウォーキング，②軽い運動・体操，③スポーツ】，【知的活動：①習い事，②ビデオ・DVDの操作，③パソコンの使用】，【社会活動：①家族友人の相談にのること，②公民館での行事・催し物への参加，③地区の会合等への出席】の9項目について実施の有無を聴取した。その他の測定項目は，基本属性（年齢，性，教育歴），Short Physical Performance Battery，MMSE，飲酒・喫煙習慣，主観的健康観，家族構成，服薬数とした。抑うつ状態の新規発生の有無を従属変数，各活動の有無を独立変数，その他の測定項目を調整因子とした多重ロジスティック回帰分析を性別ごとに行った。</p><p></p><p>【結果】</p><p></p><p>239名（7.7%）で抑うつ状態が新規発生した。多重ロジスティック回帰分析の結果，有意となったのは，男性では習い事（OR［95%CI］=0.59［0.35-0.99］），ビデオ・DVDの操作（0.64［0.42-0.97］），パソコンの使用（0.51［0.32-083］）であり，女性では軽い運動・体操（0.65［0.44-0.95］），習い事（0.65［0.44-0.97］），公民館での行事・催し物への参加（0.39［0.26-0.58］），地区の会合等への出席（0.49［0.33-0.73］）であった。</p><p></p><p>【結論】</p><p></p><p>男性では電子機器の使用のような知的活動が，女性では身体活動や地域行事・会合への参加のような社会活動が抑うつ状態の発生と独立して関連していた。老年期の抑うつ状態の保護因子となる活動には性差がみられ，性別によって異なる予防的アプローチが必要となる可能性が考えられた。</p>

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.2016.1517

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

<p>【はじめに，目的】</p><p></p><p>慢性疼痛を有する高齢者は，痛みを回避しようと過剰に身体活動量を制限させることで心身の虚弱化および痛み自体のさらなる悪化が引き起こされる悪循環に陥りやすいと考えられている。したがって，慢性期では痛みの強さに応じて無理のない範囲で身体活動を維持させることが重要と考えられる。本研究では，慢性疼痛を有する高齢者の身体活動に関する基礎的知見を得るため，大規模横断調査から痛みの強さ別に身体活動特性の違いを検討した。</p><p></p><p></p><p>【方法】</p><p></p><p>National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Study of Geriatric Syndromesの参加者のうち，2013年度の調査に参加し活動量計による身体活動量評価を実施した地域在住高齢者2,366名（75.7±4.1歳）を分析対象とした。なお，要介護認定を受けている者，認知症，脳卒中，パーキンソン病の既往を有する者は除外した。また，急性疼痛を持つ者，腰または膝以外の部位に痛みがある者，医師による運動制限を受けている者についても分析から除外した。</p><p></p><p>基本属性として年齢，性別，1日の服薬数，歩行速度，Mini-Mental State Examination（MMSE）を評価した。慢性疼痛は，腰または膝に2ヶ月以上継続した痛みがある場合を慢性疼痛ありとし，痛みの強さ別に3段階で評価した（疼痛なし/軽度の慢性疼痛あり/中等度以上の慢性疼痛あり）。身体活動の指標には，3軸加速度計内臓の活動量計で計測した1日あたりの歩数と強度別の身体活動時間を用いた。</p><p></p><p>統計解析として，対象者を疼痛なし群，軽度群，中等度以上群に分類し，3群間で基本属性および各身体活動指標を比較した。</p><p></p><p>【結果】</p><p></p><p>2,366名のうち，906名（38.3%）が慢性疼痛を有しており，そのうち軽度の慢性疼痛が546名，中等度以上の慢性疼痛が360名であった。慢性疼痛の強さによる一元配置分散分析の結果，MMSEを除く全ての基本属性に有意な主効果が認められた（p＜0.01）。各群における歩数の平均値は，疼痛なし群で5,371歩，軽度群で4,770歩，中等度以上群で4,338歩であった。年齢と性別を共変量とした共分散分析および事後検定の結果，歩数および中強度（3METs）以上の身体活動時間に関しては，軽度群と中等度以上群で疼痛なし群よりも少なく（p＜0.01），軽度群と中等度以上群の間に有意差はみられなかった。低強度（1.5～2.9METs）の身体活動時間に関しては，中等度以上群は疼痛なし群よりも少なかった（p＜0.05）のに対し，軽度群は他の群との間に有意差はみられなかった。</p><p></p><p></p><p>【結論】</p><p></p><p>慢性疼痛を有する高齢者において，身体活動量は慢性疼痛の強さと関連することが示唆され，慢性疼痛が軽度の者は低強度の活動に関しては疼痛のない者と同程度の活動量が維持されていた。慢性疼痛の強さによって異なる強度の身体活動が制限されることを示した本研究結果は，慢性疼痛を有する高齢者の身体活動の維持促進を目的とした理学療法介入にとって有用な知見を提供するものと考える。</p>

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.2016.1604

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

<p>【はじめに，目的】通常歩行速度は歩行能力を示す代表的な指標であり，主要な日常生活活動に反映され，転倒や虚弱と密接に関連する重要な評価として用いられている。とくに地域在住高齢者における介護・転倒・認知症の効果的な予防を図るためには，有害事象のリスクを早期に検出するためだけでなく，予防・改善の介入効果を客観的に判断する評価指標とその参考値が求められる。評価における測定誤差の限界域を表す最小可検変化量（MDC）は，測定値が測定誤差以上の変化を示したかどうかを判断する参考値になるが，大規模研究による地域在住高齢者の年齢や性別を考慮した通常歩行速度のMDCを示した報告は乏しい。本研究では，地域在住高齢者において，性別と各年代の違いによる通常歩行速度の差異を検証するとともに，各年代における通常歩行速度のMDCを大規模集団の横断データによって明らかとすることを目的とした。</p><p></p><p>【方法】対象は，愛知県における高齢者機能健診に参加した65歳以上の地域在住高齢者5104人のうち，脳血管疾患，パーキンソン病，認知症の既往者，要介護認定者を除外し，通常歩行速度の測定が可能であった4637人とした。調査項目は通常歩行速度であり，実際には6.6mの直線歩行路における中央2.4mの歩行区間を通常速度にて歩行した際の所要時間をWalkwayにて測定し，2回測定した値を速度に換算して分析に用いた。全対象者を男女別で5歳ごとの年齢階級の群（65-69歳，70-74歳，75-79歳，80-84歳，85歳以上）に分類し，通常歩行速度について年齢および性別による差異を検討するために2元配置分散分析および多重比較検定を用いて比較するとともに，各群において通常歩行速度の級内相関係数（ICC），測定標準誤差（SEM），およびMDC₉₅を算出した。</p><p></p><p>【結果】全対象者における通常歩行速度は1回目1.20±0.22m/s，2回目1.26±0.22m/sであり，級内相関係数ICC（2,1）0.92，ICC（2,2）0.96，SEM 0.06m/s，MDC95 0.17m/sであった。2元配置分散分析の結果，年代および性別による有意な主効果（p＜0.01）と交互作用（p＜0.001）を示した。また，多重比較検定の結果，男女ともに年代別のすべての群間に有意差が認められ，年齢階級の高さに順じて有意な低値を示した。さらに，各群における通常歩行速度のMDC₉₅を算出した結果，0.15～0.18m/sであった。</p><p></p><p>【結論】本研究における通常歩行速度の測定は，臨床的に有用とされる高い再現性を示した。近年の先行研究（Mangione KK, et al., 2010）では，地域在住高齢者における通常歩行速度についてSEM 0.08m/s，MDC 0.19m/sと報告されているが，通常歩行速度の平均値が年齢の高さに順じて有意に低い値を示すとともに，年齢階級の差によって通常歩行速度のMDCにおいても0.01～0.03m/s程度の差異が生じていた。本研究における大規模集団の横断データによって算出された通常歩行速度の平均値およびMDCは，地域高齢者の予防的介入に活用できる参考値になると考えられた。</p>

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.2016.1525

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

<p>【はじめに，目的】筋力や歩行の身体機能は加齢で低下し，体重や筋量などの身体組成指標も加齢の影響を受ける。しかし，これらの指標の加齢変化が日本人高齢者でどのような特徴を有しているかは十分なデータが示されていない。本研究では，身体機能評価の握力，椅子の立ち座りテスト（Five-Times-Sit-to-Stand：FTSS），歩行速度および身体組成評価の体重，脂肪量，四肢筋量の各指標における加齢変化を確認し，これらの加齢変化パターンが指標によって異なるかを横断データで検証した。加齢の影響を考慮するうえで重視すべき指標を提唱することが本研究の意義となる。</p><p></p><p></p><p>【方法】健診に参加した地域高齢者10885名のうち，パーキンソン病・脳卒中の既往者，MMSE18点未満者を除く10092名（平均73.6歳）を対象とした。身体機能は握力，FTSS，歩行速度で評価した。身体組成は多周波体組成計MC-980A（TANITA）で体重，脂肪量，四肢筋量を計測し，体重を身長の二乗で除したbody mass index（BMI）と四肢筋量を身長の二乗で除したappendicular skeletal mass index（ASMI）を算出した。統計解析では，各指標と年齢との関係は相関分析で調べ，各指標における加齢変化パターンの相違を検証するために，65～69歳の測定値が基準となるように65～69歳の男女ごとの平均値と標準偏差から個人のTスコア（50＋10×（測定値－65～69歳の平均値）/65～69歳の標準偏差）を算出した。身体機能（握力，FTSS，歩行速度）および身体組成評価（BMI，ASMI）について，年齢（5歳区分）と各指標を要因とした二元配置分散分析を行った（危険率5%未満）。</p><p></p><p></p><p>【結果】身体機能のすべての指標が年齢と有意な相関関係を認め，加齢に伴い身体機能が低下していた。身体組成では，体重と四肢筋量が年齢と有意な負の相関関係を認め，脂肪量は男性で年齢との相関は有意ではなく（r=-0.02，P=0.19），女性では非常に弱い相関関係であった（r=-0.05，P＜0.01）。Tスコア変化から各指標の加齢変化パターンを比較すると，男女ともに身体機能および身体組成のいずれにおいても有意な交互作用を認め（身体機能：F=10.0（男性），F=15.0（女性），P＜0.01；身体組成：F=19.7（男性），F=58.0（女性），P＜0.01），指標によって加齢変化パターンが異なっていた。男性では握力，女性では歩行速度で加齢による低下が顕著であり，身体組成はBMIよりもASMIで加齢による低下が男女ともに顕著であった。</p><p></p><p></p><p>【結論】身体機能の加齢変化は指標によって異なり，男性では握力，女性では歩行速度の低下が顕著であり，身体組成では体重よりも四肢筋量が加齢の影響を受けやすいことが示唆された。四肢筋量の低下が顕著であることより，身体組成の評価のなかでも骨格筋量の加齢変化を抑制することは重要であることが確認された。加齢で低下しやすい指標は異なることが示唆されたことは，身体機能および身体組成の加齢低下の抑制を推進するうえで，考慮すべき重要な情報になると考えられた。</p>

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.2016.1296

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Journal of Alzheimer's Disease  

DOI： 10.3233/JAD-170195

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：Journal of Alzheimer's Disease  

DOI： 10.3233/JAD-161230

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本理学療法士学会  

<p>【目的】地域在住高齢者に適するようにShort Physical Performance Battery（以下，SPPB）算出方法の修正を試みた。【方法】高齢者4,328 名をSPPB（0 ～12 点）で評価し，歩行速度と椅子立ち座りは対象者の測定値（四分位）を基に，立位バランスは立位保持の出来高によって配点した地域高齢者向けのSPPB community-based score（以下，SPPB-com）（0 ～10 点）を算出し，24 ヵ月の要介護発生との関連を調べた。【結果】対象者の78.7% でSPPB が，10.5% でSPPB-com が満点であった。SPPB-com が4 点以下で要支援・要介護発生率が高く（12.8%），SPPB-com，年齢，女性，MMSE が要支援・要介護発生と有意に関連していた。【結論】SPPB を再得点化したSPPB-com は地域在住高齢者の要支援・要介護リスクを把握する指標として有益となることが示唆された。</p>

DOI： 10.15063/rigaku.11253

J-GLOBAL

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

AIM: Memory dysfunction is a major component of age-related cognitive decline, and is a marker of cognitive impairment. Emerging evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex is required for maintenance of memory functions. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate age-related changes in prefrontal oxygenation during memory encoding and retrieval using near-infrared spectroscopy. METHODS: We examined 21 young (mean age 24.3 years), 52 young-old (mean age 69.7 years) and 50 old-old (mean age 79.5 years) participants. The concentration of oxyhemoglobin, which is a reliable biomarker of changes in regional cerebral blood flow, in the right and left prefrontal cortex was measured during encoding and delayed retrieval of a list of 10 target words. The average number of correct answers in the retrieval task was used as a measure of task performance. RESULTS: During encoding, oxyhemoglobin was significantly and bilaterally lower in young-old and old-old participants compared with young participants. Meanwhile, during retrieval, only old-old participants showed significantly decreased oxyhemoglobin compared with young and young-old participants. The old-old participants showed fewer correct answers in the retrieval period than the young and young-old participants. CONCLUSIONS: Old-old participants showed reduced prefrontal oxygenation during both encoding and retrieval, and decreased memory performance compared with younger participants. It is necessary for the clinical application of near-infrared spectroscopy to consider the effects of demographic variables on cerebral oxygenation. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 1296-1304.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.12642

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are non-demented, but demonstrate cognitive dysfunction, and have significantly higher risk of progressing to dementia. A better understanding of more sensitive risk factors, such as combination of cognitive and psychological status, for progression of MCI to dementia may be crucial for prevention of development of dementia. OBJECTIVE: To examine MCI, depressive symptoms, and comorbid MCI and depressive symptoms as risk factors for development of dementia. METHODS: A total of 3,663 community-dwelling older people were included in this prospective longitudinal study. MCI was determined by age- and education-adjusted objective cognitive impairment using computerized comprehensive cognitive measures including memory, attention/executive function, and processing speed. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and defined by a GDS score of 6 or more. RESULTS: During the 24-month follow-up period, 72 participants (2.0%) developed dementia. Baseline MCI was significantly associated with an increased risk of incident dementia (hazard ratio [HR], 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8-5.5) but depressive symptoms were not (2.0; 1.0-4.2) after adjusting for age, sex, education, prescribed medications, and walking speed. Participants with comorbid MCI and depressive symptoms at baseline had a higher risk of developing dementia (HR, 4.8; 2.3-10.5). CONCLUSION: Although MCI and depressive symptoms may be associated with increased risk for incident dementia independently, comorbid MCI and depressive symptoms have a significantly greater impact on dementia development among community-dwelling older adults.

DOI： 10.3233/JAD-160244

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In dual-task situations, postural control is closely associated with attentional cost. Previous studies have reported age-related differences between attentional cost and postural control, but little is known about the association in conditions with a one-legged standing posture. The purpose of this study was to determine age-related differences in postural control and attentional cost while performing tasks at various difficulty levels in a one-legged standing posture. METHODS: In total, 29 healthy older adults aged 64 to 78 years [15 males, 14 females, mean (SD) = 71.0 (3.8) years] and 29 healthy young adults aged 20 to 26 years [14 males, 15 females, mean (SD) = 22.5 (1.5) years] participated in this study. We measured the reaction time, trunk accelerations, and lower limb muscle activity under 3 different one-legged standing conditions-on a firm surface, on a soft surface with a urethane mat, and on a softer more unstable surface with 2 piled urethane mats. Reaction time as an indication of attentional cost was measured by pressing a handheld button as quickly as possible in response to an auditory stimulus. A 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed to examine the differences between the 3 task conditions and the 2 age groups for each outcome. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Trunk accelerations showed a statistically significant group-by-condition interaction in the anteroposterior (F = 9.1, P < .05), mediolateral (F = 9.9, P < .05), and vertical (F = 9.3, P < .05) directions. Muscle activity did not show a statistically significant group-by-condition interaction, but there was a significant main effect of condition in the tibialis anterior muscle (F = 33.1, P < .01) and medial gastrocnemius muscle (F = 14.7, P < .01) in young adults and the tibialis anterior muscle (F = 24.8, P < .01) and medial gastrocnemius muscle (F = 10.8, P < .01) in older adults. In addition, there was a statistically significant interaction in reaction time (F = 8.2, P < .05) for group-by-condition. CONCLUSIONS: The study results confirmed that reaction times in older adults are more prolonged than young adults in the same challenging postural control condition.

DOI： 10.1519/JPT.0000000000000063

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Geriatrics and Gerontology International  

AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between kidney function with concomitant diabetes or hypertension and frailty in community-dwelling Japanese older adults. METHODS: The participants were 9606 residents (community-dwelling Japanese older adults) who completed baseline assessments. The estimated glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73 m2 ) was determined according to the serum creatinine level, and participants were classified into four mutually exclusive categories: >/=60.0 (normal range), 45.0-59.9, 30.0-44.9 and <30.0 mL/min/1.73 m2 . Frailty status was defined using five criteria as described by Fried: slow gait speed, muscle weakness, low physical activity, exhaustion and unintentional weight loss. Participants who met three, four or five criteria satisfied the definition of having frailty. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationships between estimated glomerular filtration rate and frailty. RESULTS: After multivariate adjustment, participants with lower kidney function (estimated glomerular filtration rate <30.0 mL/min/1.73 m2 ) were more frail (odds ratio [OR] 1.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01-3.59). In addition, individuals with a history of diabetes (OR 2.76, 95% CI 1.21-8.24) or hypertension (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.45-5.12) showed a significantly increased risk of frailty in the lower kidney function group, regardless of multivariate controls. Furthermore, the analyses showed an even greater increase in the risk of frailty in patients with a history of both diabetes and hypertension (OR 3.67, 95% CI 1.13-14.1) CONCLUSIONS: A lower level of kidney function was associated with a higher risk of frailty in community-dwelling Japanese older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; **: **-**.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.12910

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/psyg.12165

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVE: Although sleep disturbances are associated with disability among older adults, no longitudinal study has examined the impact of sleep assessed based on both sleep quality and quantity on incident disability. This study examined whether sleep duration and excessive daytime sleepiness were associated with incidence of disability in community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: A total of 4756 older adults (53.3% women, mean age 71.9 years) met the entry criteria for this study. We measured monthly incident disability, defined as the onset of being certified for personal support or care as required by Japanese public long-term care insurance during the preceding 24 months. Sleep duration, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and demographic factors were assessed at baseline. Cox's proportional hazard regression analysis estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of incidence of disability according to the 3 categories of sleep duration (short: </=6.0 hours, mid: 6.1 to 8.9 hours, long: >/=9.0 hours), and we used mid duration sleepers as the reference group. RESULTS: Long sleep duration (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.04-1.97) and presence of EDS (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.01-1.98) were associated with higher rates of incident disability. Furthermore, a combination of sleep duration and EDS was associated with a higher rate of incident disability than the mid and no EDS group (HR 2.25, 95% CI 1.36-3.70). CONCLUSION: Long sleep duration and EDS affected the incident of disability; thus, older adults with both sleep patterns may require an intervention to alter their sleep habit.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.05.020

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Brain Imaging and Behavior  

Dual-task gait performance is impaired in older adults with mild cognitive impairment, but the brain substrates associated with dual-task gait performance are not well-established. The relationship between gray matter and gait speed under single-task and dual-task conditions (walking while counting backward) was examined in 560 seniors with mild cognitive impairment (non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment: n = 270; mean age = 72.4 yrs., 63.6 % women; amnestic mild cognitive impairment: n = 290; mean age = 73.4 yrs., 45.4 % women). Multivariate covariance-based analyses of magnetic resonance imaging data, adjusted for potential confounders including single-task gait speed, were performed to identify gray matter patterns associated with dual-task gait speed. There were no differences in gait speed or cognitive performance during dual-task gait between individuals with non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment and amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Overall, increased dual-task gait speed was associated with a gray matter pattern of increased volume in medial frontal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate, cingulate, precuneus, fusiform gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus and middle temporal gyrus. The relationship between dual-task gait speed and brain substrates also differed by mild cognitive impairment subtype. Our study revealed a pattern of gray matter regions associated with dual-task performance. Although dual-task gait performance was similar in amnestic and non-amnestic mild cognitive impairment, the gray matter patterns associated with dual-task gait performance differed by mild cognitive impairment subtype. These findings suggest that the brain substrates supporting dual-task gait performance in amnestic and non-amnestic subtypes are different, and consequently may respond differently to interventions, or require different interventions.

DOI： 10.1007/s11682-016-9562-1,

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The effects of exercise and physical activity on cognitive function and brain health have been established by longitudinal and intervention studies. However, it is not clear whether exercise has positive effects on cognitive function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Further studies, including a ramdomized controlled trial with a larger sample size, are required to identify the effects of exercise and multicomponent intervention on cognitive function in the older adults with mild cognitive impairment. It is also important to identify the adequate duration, frequency, and intensity of exercise intervention that is most effective for older individuals.

DOI： 10.11477/mf.1416200512

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Geriatrics and Gerontology International  

AIM: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between sedentary time and declines in kidney function among community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: Participants comprised 10 242 community-dwelling older adults who were participating in the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology - Study of Geriatric Syndromes. Sedentary time was determined by asking participants to record the total amount of hours usually spent sitting each day, with values divided into quartiles of 0 to <4 h (reference), 4 to <6 h, 6 to <8 h and >/=8 h of sitting time per day. The estimated glomerular filtration rate was determined according to creatinine levels, and participants were classified into two categories: >/=60.0 or <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 . RESULTS: After multivariate adjustment, the highest quartiles of sedentary time showed a higher rate of kidney function decline than those in the lowest quartile (odds ratio 1.42, 95% CI 1.02-1.37). In addition, participants with a history of cancer (odds ratio 1.18, 95% CI 1.01-1.39) or hypertension (odds ratio 1.38; 95% CI 1.07-1.60) had significantly increased risks of kidney function decline in the highest sedentary time group, regardless of multivariate control. Furthermore, analyses showed an increased risk of kidney function decline for a history of both cancer and hypertension (odds ratio 2.02, 95% CI 1.08-3.80). CONCLUSIONS: A higher level of sedentary time was associated with kidney function decline among community-dwelling older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; **: **-**.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.12779

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Memory impairment is considered a hallmark of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and dementia. Emerging evidence suggests that the prefrontal lobe is required to maintain memory functions. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether older adults with aMCI have decreased prefrontal oxygenation during memory encoding and retrieval compared with age-matched healthy older adults, using multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy. METHODS: We examined 64 older adults with aMCI (mean 71.8 years) and 66 cognitively healthy control subjects comparable in age and gender (mean 71.7 years). The concentration of oxy-hemoglobin, which is a reliable biomarker of changes in regional cerebral blood flow, was measured in the prefrontal cortex during encoding and delayed retrieval of a list of 10 target words. Task performance was evaluated as average number of correct answers in the retrieval task. RESULTS: Subjects with aMCI showed reduced activation in the bilateral dorsolateral cortex (approximately Brodmann area 9) and provided fewer correct answers in the retrieval period than control subjects. There were no significant differences during encoding. CONCLUSIONS: Reduced activation in the dorsolateral cortex during retrieval may cause deficits in memory performance, which may be used as a marker of aMCI. Further studies are required to examine the predictive validity of this decreased activation pattern for the incidence of Alzheimer's disease.

DOI： 10.1002/gps.4363

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Disability is a crucial health problem in aging. Identifying a biological contributory factor would be useful. Serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) plays an important role in the endocrine system and is associated with frailty. However, there is no consensus about the relationship between IGF-1 and disability. This study aimed to examine whether IGF-1 related to incident disability among older adults. METHODS: The study included 4,133 older adults (mean age, 71.8+/-5.4 years) who were participants in the "Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly" cohort study. We collected information on demographic variables, measured gait speed, Mini Mental State Examination score, and serum IGF-1 at baseline. During follow-up, incident disability was monitored by Long-Term Care Insurance certification. RESULTS: Disability was observed in 212 participants during a mean follow-up duration period of 29.2 months. A log rank test indicated that lower levels of serum IGF-1 were related to incident disability (p = .004). A Cox hazard regression showed a lower quartile in IGF-1 related to disability compared with the highest quartile (Q4), even when adjusting for covariates including gait speed and Mini Mental State Examination score (Q1: hazard ratio = 1.72, 95% confidence intervals: 1.06-2.81; Q2: hazard ratio = 1.64, 95% confidence intervals: 0.99-2.71; Q3: hazard ratio = 1.31, 95% confidence intervals: 0.76-2.25). In the analysis, stratified by sex, there was also significant relationship between IGF-1 and disability among women, but not men. CONCLUSIONS: Lower serum IGF-1 was independently related to disability among older adults.

DOI： 10.1093/gerona/glv167

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

AIM: Self-reported exhaustion (SE) is a clinical complaint that is associated with a wide range of chronic diseases. However, the association of SE with physical activity, physical function or cognitive function among the older adult Japanese population is unclear. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of SE, as well as whether physical function, cognitive function and physical activity were significant covariates. METHODS: A total of 4607 adults (mean age 71 years) were considered eligible for participation based on the study criteria. SE was evaluated using the Study of Osteoporotic Fracture Index. We also evaluated physical activity, physical function (grip strength, Timed Up & Go) and cognitive function (Mini-Mental State Examination, Trail Making Test part A and B, Symbol Digit Substitution Task). RESULTS: The prevalence of SE ranged from 40.9% to 55.0%, and significantly increased with age. The results of the multiple logistic regression analyses showed that in the adjusted model of the 65-69 years age group, physical activity, Timed Up & Go and Symbol Digit Substitution Task were independently associated with SE. In the 70-79 years age group, physical activity, Timed Up & Go, Trail Making Test part A and B and Symbol Digit Substitution Task were independently associated with exhaustion. Only physical activity was associated with exhaustion in the >/=80 years age group. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of SE increased with age in the older adult Japanese population. Exhaustion was strongly associated with reduced daily physical activity, especially in those aged >/=80 years. Further studies should be carried out to determine if physical activity causes SE. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 625-630.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.12528

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

AIM: Cognitive impairment can negatively affect driving performance and increase the risk of driving errors, leading to vehicle crashes. We used a population-based survey to identify the prevalence of cognitive impairments in older drivers. METHODS: A total of 10,073 older adults were enrolled in the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology - Study of Geriatric Syndromes. We characterized general cognitive impairment using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). We also used the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Functional Assessment Tool, which includes six tasks to assess word list memory, logical memory, attention and executive function, processing speed, and visuospatial skill. RESULTS: Just 15% of older women with moderate cognitive decline (MMSE </=20) drove, whereas 61% of older men with moderate cognitive decline drove. Cognitively normal participants (MMSE score 27 and over) scored significantly better on six cognitive tests compared with those with mild (MMSE score 21-26) or moderate cognitive decline, and those in the mild cognitive decline group scored significantly better on six cognitive tests than those in the moderate cognitive decline group. CONCLUSION: A total of 61% of older men with moderate cognitive decline did not cease driving. These older drivers showed poor cognitive performance in multiple domains compared with those with normal and mild cognitive decline. Further studies are required to clarify the relationships between cognitive decline and car crashes in these high-risk populations.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.12504

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVES: This study examined the predictive validity of flanker tasks on driving cessation in older drivers. The flanker task comprises a set of response inhibition tests used to assess the ability to suppress responses. METHODS: A total of 2805 older drivers aged >/=65 years at baseline participated in this study. We conducted several baseline assessments focused on physical and psychological health as well as cognitive performance. Fifteen months after the baseline measurements, we collected information about the current driving status of the participants. RESULTS: Forty-eight participants (1.7%) ceased driving during the 15-month period following the assessment. Logistic regression models identified the following as significant predictors of driving cessation: performance on the trail-making test (parts A and B), digit symbol substitution test scores, story memory, and flanker task scores for the total, congruent, and incongruent conditions. The flanker task scores for the total, congruent, and incongruent conditions were significant predictors in the fully adjusted logistic model. CONCLUSION: The flanker task was more important than assessments of general cognition, including memory, attention, executive control, and processing speed, in predicting driving cessation. The flanker task may be useful for identifying driving cessation in older adults.

DOI： 10.1002/gps.4308

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVES: To elucidate whether a combination of slow gait speed and depressive symptoms result in higher risk of incident disability in older adults than either symptom individually. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Obu City, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. PARTICIPANTS: Participants were 4038 older adults (48.7% male, mean age = 71 years) who met the study inclusion criteria. MEASUREMENTS: Longitudinal data on incident disability were collected up to 33 months [median 31 months (interquartile range 29-32 months)] after baseline. We monitored monthly incident disability, defined as Japanese long-term care insurance certification for personal support or care. Baseline measurements included covariates for incident disability, gait speed, and the Geriatric Depression Scale for assessing depressive symptoms. The associations between slow gait, depressive symptoms, or their co-occurrence, and incident disability were examined. RESULTS: Control participants were the reference in an adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression model. Participants with co-occurring slow gait and depressive symptoms showed a greater risk of incident disability [hazard ratio (HR) 3.08, confidence interval (CI) 95% 2.00-4.75]. Greater risk was also found for participants with slow gait speed alone (HR 2.44, CI 95% 1.71-3.47) and depressive symptoms alone (HR 1.60, CI 95% 1.01-2.53). CONCLUSIONS: Older adults with both risk factors may require early detection and physical and psychological intervention.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jamda.2015.08.012

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

AIMS: Identifying the risk factors of cognitive impairment is essential for implementing effective prevention strategies for dementia. Previous studies have shown that the frequency of going outdoors is inversely associated with cognitive decline. Little research has examined whether the relationship between going outdoors and cognitive decline varies with physical functioning in older adults. The aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between going outdoors and cognitive function in older adults with and without physical function limitations. METHODS: The present study analyzed the data of 4450 individuals (aged 65 years or older) who participated in the Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly. The measures were the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), going outdoors (at least once a week or not), self-reported physical function limitations (with or without), and demographic and health-related factors as potential confounders. RESULTS: Analysis of covariance and post-hoc comparisons showed that although going outdoors at least once a week was associated with higher MMSE scores among older adults with limited physical function, it was not significantly associated with the MMSE scores among older adults without limited physical function. Similarly, logistic regression analyses, stratified by physical function, showed a significant association between going outdoors and MMSE (<24 points or not) among older adults with limited physical function. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that going outdoors less than once a week is associated with decreased cognitive function among older adults with limited physical function, but it is not associated with cognitive function among older adults without limited physical function.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.12437

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The prevalence of disability is increasing due to an expanding aging population and an increasing incidence of chronic health problems. Cognitive impairment may predict the development of disability in older adults. Therefore, we examined the association of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and/or general cognitive impairment (GCI, defined as a Mini Mental State Examination [MMSE] score of 20-23) with the development of disability in a cohort of Japanese community-dwelling older adults. A total of 4290 participants (aged >/=65 years) enrolled in the Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly were classified according to the presence and degree of cognitive impairment as follows: cognitively healthy, GCI, MCI single domain (MCIs), MCIs with GCI, MCI multiple domain (MCIm), and MCIm with GCI. MMSE scores, risk factors for dementia, and incidences of new disability were recorded. After an average of 29.5 months, 205 participants (4.8%) experienced a new onset of disability. All subtypes of cognitive impairment showed significant relationships with disability except for GCI alone. The following hazard ratios (HRs) were determined: MCIs (HR, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.39-3.00), MCIs with GCI (HR, 2.10; 95% CI, 1.21-3.62), MCIm (HR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.39-3.85), and MCIm with GCI (HR, 4.23; 95% CI, 2.73-6.57). These results indicate that cognitive impairment may be related to an increased risk for the development of disability. Healthcare providers should implement global cognitive assessments to identify MCI and GCI and consider preventive interventions for disability, especially in older persons.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0158720,

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVES: To identify the relationships between physical and/or cognitive frailty and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) functioning in community living older persons. DESIGN: Cross sectional observation study. SETTING: Data extracted from the 2011-2013 of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Study of Geriatric Syndromes (NCGG-SGS) database. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 8,864 older adults aged >/= 65 years who were enrolled in the NCGG-SGS. MEASUREMENTS: We characterized physical frailty as limitations in three or more of the following five domains: slow walking speed, muscle weakness, exhaustion, low activity and weight loss. To screen for cognitive impairment, we used the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Functional Assessment Tool (NCGG-FAT) which included tests of word list memory, attention and executive function (tablet version of the Trail Making Test, part A and B), and processing speed (tablet version of the Digit Symbol Substitution Test). Two or more cognitive impairments indicated by an age-adjusted score of at least 1.5 standard deviations below the reference threshold was characterized as cognitive impairment. Each participant reported on their IADL status (use of public transportation, shopping, management of finances, and housekeeping) and several potential confounders such as demographic characteristics. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of physical frailty, cognitive impairment, and cognitive frailty, i.e. co-occurrence of frailty and cognitive impairment, was 7.2%, 5.2%, and 1.2%, respectively. We found significant relationships between IADL limitations and physical frailty (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.24, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.01 to 1.52), cognitive impairment (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.11), and cognitive frailty (OR 2.63, 95% CI 1.74 to 3.97). CONCLUSION: Using the NCGG-SGS frailty criteria, we found more participants with physical frailty than with cognitive frailty. The individuals with cognitive frailty had the highest risks of IADL limitations. Future investigation is necessary to determine whether this population is at increased risk for incidence of disability or mortality.

DOI： 10.1007/s12603-016-0685-2

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Many studies have examined the negative social and health consequences of driving cessation in later life. However, whether the transition to driving cessation results in the incidence of functional limitation in older people remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine whether driving cessation was associated with the incidence of functional limitation in older Japanese individuals. METHODS: The study included 3,556 participants (mean age: 71.5 +/- 5.3 years, 50.2% women) enrolled in the 'Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly' cohort study between August 2011 and February 2012. The participants were classified into three groups according to their driving status: driving, driving cessation, and nondriving. We assessed new incidence of functional limitation over a 24- month period and examined several confounding factors. RESULTS: The incidence rates for functional limitation in the driving, driving cessation, and nondriving groups were 0.9, 10.8, and 5.6%, respectively (p < 0.001). The fully adjusted Cox proportional hazard model showed that hazard ratios (HRs) for functional limitation in nondrivers [HR: 2.37, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.27-4.44] and those who had ceased driving (HR: 7.80, 95% CI: 2.61-23.36) were significantly higher relative to those observed in current drivers. CONCLUSION: Driving cessation exerted a strong impact on the risk of functional limitation. Further study is required to determine appropriate intervention strategies to help older people to maintain the abilities required for safe driving and delay the functional limitation associated with driving cessation.

DOI： 10.1159/000448036

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVES: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may be a risk for disability, and co-occurrence of slow gait (SG) and MCI may increase this risk. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: General community. PARTICIPANTS: The study included 3482 older adults (mean age: 71.4 years) without disability at baseline. MEASUREMENTS: We collected information on demographic variables, measured gait speed and cognitive function to diagnose MCI at baseline. During the follow-up period, the incident disability was monitored. Participants were divided into groups without MCI and SG (control), with SG without MCI (SG), without SG and with MCI in single (sMCI) or multiple (mMCI) domains, and with SG and MCI in single (sMCI + SG) and multiple (mMCI + SG) domains. RESULTS: During follow-up, 134 participants developed disability (mean follow-up: 29.4 months). The proportions of incident disability were higher in the MCI with SG, MCI, and SG groups, compared with the control group. SG [hazard ratio 2.27 (95% confidence interval: 1.38-3.73)], mMCI [2.56 (1.31-5.02)], sMCI + SG [2.46 (1.21-5.00)], and mMCI + SG [3.48 (1.79-6.76)] participants had risks for disability. CONCLUSIONS: Co-occurrence of SG and MCI in multiple domains has a higher risk of disability than each condition alone.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jamda.2015.07.007

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to determine whether mild cognitive impairment (MCI) affects the development of fear of falling (FoF) in older adults. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: The Obu Study for Health Promotion in the Elderly, Japan. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 1700 community-dwelling people aged 65 years or older without FoF at baseline participated. MEASUREMENTS: FoF and related variables, such as physical function, self-rated health, depression, and total number of medication doses, were investigated at baseline. Participants also underwent cognitive tests and were divided into cognitive healthy and MCI. Fifteen months after the baseline measurements, we collected information about the status of FoF and fall incidence during the 15-month follow-up. RESULTS: At the 15-month follow-up survey, 452 participants (26.5%) reported the development of FoF. Logistic regression analysis showed that MCI (odds ratio [95% CI] = 1.41 [1.07-1.87]) and a fall incident (3.00 [2.23-4.07]) during follow-up independently predicted the development of FoF, after controlling for demographic factors, physical function, self-rated health, and depression. The odds ratio for the development of FoF in participants with both MCI and a fall incident compared with those without them was 7.34 (4.06-13.3), after controlling for confounding factors. CONCLUSION: MCI predicts the new onset of FoF in older adults, especially when they have experience with falling. Aside from the risk of falling, it is suggested that individuals with MCI are an at-risk population for FoF and related negative consequences in terms of postfall syndrome.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jamda.2015.09.014

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The linkage between gait and cognition has been shown in cases of white matter lesion (WML) that affect gait in older adults. Dual-task walking is believed to be cognitively demanding and to alter trunk movement, and gait impairment in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is highlighted under this condition. However, the association between dual-task walking and structural changes in the brain, particularly with WML, in people with MCI is still unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the association between trunk stability during dual-task walking and WML in 560 older adults with MCI. We measured magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and gait variables. Gait variables included harmonic ratio in vertical, mediolateral, and anteroposterior directions, analyzed using a tri-axial accelerometer attached to the lower trunk. Walking conditions were normal walking and dual-task walking (counting backwards while walking) conditions. Demographical data and brain atrophy were measured as covariates. Subjects were classified into non-severe WML (n = 451, mean age = 73.2 years) and severe WML (n = 109, mean age = 75.9 years) groups. Linear mixed-effects model analysis controlled for covariates showed dual-task-related changes in all harmonic ratios associated with WML (p < 0.05). Even after adjustment for executive function, harmonic ratio in the mediolateral direction was significantly associated with WML (p < 0.05). Our findings revealed that WMLs were associated with trunk stability in dual-task walking. Further studies are required to investigate the neural basis for deficits in gait ability among MCI subjects.

DOI： 10.1007/s11357-015-9858-x,

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVES: Motoric cognitive syndrome (MCR), a newly described predementia syndrome characterized by cognitive complaints and slow gait, is associated with increased risk of developing dementia. Due to the potential differences in health, behavioral, and lifestyle factors between races that can influence dementia risk, it is important to examine risk factors for MCR in different countries. This study aimed to report the prevalence as well as modifiable factors associated with MCR in Japanese community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN: A cross-sectional design. SETTING: General community. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 9683 older adults (52% women, mean age: 73.6 years) participating in the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Study of Geriatric Syndromes. MEASUREMENTS: Participants were screened for presence of MCR at baseline. The association of selected modifiable risk factors (medical illness, depressive symptoms, and falls) and lifestyle variables (obesity, physical inactivity, smoking, and alcohol consumption) with MCR was examined using multivariate logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: At cross-section, 619 participants met criteria for MCR, with an overall prevalence 6.4% (95% CI 5.9-6.9). A higher prevalence of MCR was seen with advancing age (P < .001), but there were no sex differences. Diabetes (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 1.47, P = .001), depressive symptoms (OR 3.57, P < .001), and falls (OR 1.45, P < .001) were associated with increased risk of MCR. Among the lifestyle factors, obesity (OR 1.26, P = .018) and physical inactivity (OR 1.57, P < .001) were associated with increased risk of MCR. CONCLUSION: MCR is common in the elderly Japanese population. The potentially modifiable risk and lifestyle factors identified for MCR should be further studied to develop interventions.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jamda.2015.09.003

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Depressive symptoms and memory problems are significant risk factors for dementia. Exercise can reduce depressive symptoms and improve cognitive function in older people. In addition, the benefits of horticultural activity on physical and mental well-being have been demonstrated in people with dementia. Although evidence of such non-pharmacological interventions is mounting, no studies have examined whether physical exercise and horticultural activity exert a positive impact on brain and mental health (e.g., depressive symptoms) in non-demented older adults at high risk of cognitive impairment and depression. Therefore, we propose a randomized controlled trial to assess the efficacy and efficiency of physical exercise and horticultural activity in improving brain and mental health in community-dwelling older adults with memory problems and depressive symptoms. METHODS/DESIGN: The 20-week randomized controlled trial will include 90 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older with memory problems and depressive symptoms. Participants will be randomized to one of three experiments: exercise, horticultural activity, or educational control group, using a 1:1:1 allocation ratio. The combined exercise program and horticultural activity program will consist of 20 weekly 90-minute sessions. Participants in the exercise group will practice aerobic exercise, muscle strength training, postural balance retraining, and dual-task training. The horticultural activity program will include crop-related activities, such as field cultivation, growing, and harvesting. Participants in the educational control group will attend two 90-minute educational classes during the 6-month trial period. Depressive symptoms and memory performance will be measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale-15, and the Logical Memory subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised will be used to measure depressive symptoms and memory performance as primary outcomes, at baseline (prior to randomization), immediately following intervention (6 months from baseline), and 6 months after intervention. Hippocampal volume will be measured at baseline and immediately after intervention, using magnetic resonance imaging. Secondary outcomes will comprise cognitive function, including language, attention/executive performance, and processing speed; brain-derived neurotrophic-factor serum levels; and health-related quality of life. DISCUSSION: This intervention study will determine the clinical importance and efficacy of physical exercise and horticultural activity as non-pharmacological interventions in community-dwelling older adults at high risk of poor brain and mental health. TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN000018547 ; registered 7 August 2015.

DOI： 10.1186/s13063-015-1032-3,

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVE: To determine social frailty status using simple questions and to examine the association between social frailty and disability onset among community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Japanese community. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 4304 adults age >/=65 years living in the community participated in a baseline assessment from 2011 to 2012. They were followed monthly for incident certification of care needs during the 2 years after the baseline assessment. MEASUREMENTS: Care-needs certification in the national long-term care insurance system of Japan; a self-reported questionnaire including 7 items to define social frailty status, adjustment for several potential confounders such as demographic characteristics; and Kaplan-Meier survival curves for disability incidence by social frailty. RESULTS: During the 2 years, 144 participants (3.3%) were certified as requiring long-term care insurance in accordance with incident disability. Five of the 7 items in the self-reported questionnaire were significantly associated with disability incidence. In the adjusted model including potential covariates, participants who were defined as having social frailty (>/=2/5) (hazard ratio 1.66, 95% confidence interval 1.00-2.74) and prefrailty (=1/5) (hazard ratio 1.53, 95% confidence interval 1.02-2.531), based on 5 items at the baseline assessment, had an increased risk of disability compared with nonfrail participants (=0/5). CONCLUSIONS: Social frailty, assessed using simple questions regarding living alone, going out less frequently compared with the prior year, visiting friends sometimes, feeling helpful to friends or family, and talking with someone every day, has a strong impact on the risk of future disability among community-dwelling older people.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jamda.2015.08.023

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between physical frailty and risk of disability, and to identify the component(s) of frailty with the most impact on disability in community-dwelling older adults. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: A Japanese community. PARTICIPANTS: 4341 older adults aged >/=65 living in the community participated in a baseline assessment from 2011 to 2012 and were followed for 2 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Care-needs certification in the national long-term care insurance (LTCI) system of Japan, type of physical frailty (robust, prefrail, frail) and subitems (slowness, weakness, exhaustion, low activity, weight loss), adjusted for several potential confounders such as demographic characteristics, analysed with Kaplan-Meier survival curves for incidence of disability by frailty phenotype. RESULTS: During the 2-year follow-up period, 168 participants (3.9%) began using the LTCI system for incidence of disability. Participants classified as frail (HR 4.65, 95% CI 2.63 to 8.22) or prefrail (2.52, 1.56 to 4.07) at the baseline assessment had an increased risk of disability incidence compared with robust participants. Analyses for subitems of frailty showed that slowness (2.32, 1.62 to 3.33), weakness (1.90, 1.35 to 2.68) and weight loss (1.61, 1.13 to 2.31) were related to increased risk of disability incidence. In stratified analyses, participants who were classified as frail and who had lower cognitive function had the highest percentage (30.3%) of disability incidence during the 2 years after baseline assessment. CONCLUSIONS: Physical frailty, even being prefrail, had a strong impact on the risk of future disability. Some components of frailty, such as slowness, weakness and weight loss, are strongly associated with incident disability in community-dwelling older adults.

DOI： 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008462

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.1111/jgs.13623

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND/AIMS: An understanding of the association between gray matter volume and executive functioning could provide strategies to reduce dementia risk in older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS: In a cross-sectional analysis, we assessed executive functioning in 83 older people with MCI using three standard neuropsychological tests: set shifting (difference between Trail Making Test Parts B and A), working memory (difference between Digit Span forward and backward from the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-IV), and selective attention/response inhibition (difference between the second and third conditions of the color- and picture-word Stroop test). Gray matter volume was computed from brain MRIs and SIENAX from FSL software. RESULTS: Gray matter volume was significantly associated with set-shifting performance after accounting for age, gender, body mass index, education, and global cognition (standardized beta = -0.376, p = 0.001), but not with working memory or selective attention/response inhibition. CONCLUSION: The executive function of set-shifting ability was correlated with gray matter volume in older people with MCI.

DOI： 10.1159/000438721,

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVE: To identify the differences of incidence of disability between frail older persons with and without slow walking speed. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Japanese community. PARTICIPANTS: A total of l4,081 older adults aged >/=65 years living in the community, participated in a baseline assessment and were followed for incidence of disability for 29.5 months. MEASUREMENTS: Care-needs certification in the national long-term care insurance system of Japan, physical frailty (slow walking speed, muscle weakness, exhaustion, low activity, weight loss), adjusted for several potential confounders such as demographic characteristics; Kaplan-Meier survival curves for incident disability by physical frailty with and without slow walking speed. RESULTS: During the follow-up period, 198 participants (4.9%) were certified as requiring long-term care insurance in accordance with incident disability. Participants who had prefrailty without slow walking speed (hazard ratio 1.86, 95% confidence interval 1.19-2.92), prefrailty with slow walking speed (3.62, 2.19-5.96), frailty without slow walking speed (4.33, 2.00-9.39), and frailty with slow walking speed (4.68, 2.72-8.05) at the baseline assessment had an increased risk of incident disability compared with nonfrail participants. In stratified analyses, frail older men and frail participants with low cognitive performance had the highest risk of incidence of disability. CONCLUSION: The presence of frailty or even prefrailty when older adults showed slow walking speed increased the risk of future disability in community-dwelling older adults.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jamda.2015.03.019

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

AIM: To examine the association of the combination of slow gait and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) with cognitive function and falling in community-dwelling older people. METHODS: Participants were selected from the Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly (n = 3400), and underwent gait examination and a battery of neuropsychological examinations, including the Mini-Mental State Examination and the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Functional Assessment Tool (tablet version of Trail Making Test Part A and B, Symbol Digit Substitution Task, Figure selection task, Word memory and Story memory), and were interviewed with a series of questionnaires including medical history, physical activity, geriatric depression scale and fall history. RESULTS: Participants were classified into control (n = 2281), slow gait speed (SG; n = 278), MCI (n = 673) and MCI with SG (MCI+SG; n = 168) groups. All cognitive functions were significantly affected by the group factor, even adjusting for participant characteristics as covariates (P < 0.001). Post-hoc analysis showed that the control group had better performance than the other groups, and the MCI+SG group had worse performance than the other groups in all cognitive functions (all P < 0.05). In multiple logistic regression analysis, SG and MCI were independently associated with falling (all P < 0.05), and MCI+SG had a higher odds ratio for falling (adjusted OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.08-3.65). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the idea that slow gait and MCI were related, and concurrently associated with falling. Motor function among MCI subjects should be focused on to assess profile risks.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.12407

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships between smoking status and various domains of cognitive function in community-dwelling elderly subjects. METHODS: Participants (N = 4348) were asked about smoking status, demographic variables, and lifestyle factors, and underwent multidimensional neurocognitive tests. RESULTS: All analyses were conducted separately by sex. Women never smokers exhibited significantly better scores than past and/or current smokers in some neurocognitive tests. Among men, never smokers had significantly higher scores, such as in the Symbol Digit Substitution Test. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that pack-years (history of smoking) were significantly associated with the Symbol Digit Substitution Test in men. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking status may be associated with a decline in processing speed, and this decline varies by sex.

DOI： 10.5993/AJHB.39.3.1

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

AIM: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is conceptualized as prodromal of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Declined physical function is one of the risk factors for progression to AD, whereas genetic factors, especially the apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele (APOE4), also contribute to the risk of AD and affect the risk factors. However, the association between APOE4 and physical function in MCI is still unclear. To elucidate the association, we carried out the present study to compare physical function between APOE4 carriers and non-carriers in MCI. METHODS: The study included 386 MCI patients (mean age 71.6 years) who were classified into APOE4 carrier and non-carrier groups. The participants' characteristics were assessed by face-to-face interviews. Grip strength, five chair stand test, walking speed and 6-min walking test were measured as physical functions. RESULTS: In univariate analysis, the APOE4 carrier group had decreased walking speed compared with the non-carrier group (P < 0.05), but other measures of physical function were not significantly different between the groups. The linear regression model showed a significant association between walking speed and APOE4 after adjusting for covariates (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The present study showed that APOE4 carrier participants with MCI had decreased walking speed compared with non-carrier participants. Thus, APOE4 genotypes should be considered as a potential mediator when the measure of walking speed is used as a risk factor of dementia in older adults with MCI. Further studies using prospective data are required to clarify the relationship between physical function and genetic factors in MCI.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.12291

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults without dementia. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly in Japan. PARTICIPANTS: The participants were 4686 residents (community-dwelling older adults without dementia) who completed baseline assessments. MEASUREMENTS: The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m(2)) was determined according to the creatinine level, and participants were classified into three mutually exclusive categories: normal (>/=60.0 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), mild CKD (45.0-59.9 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), or moderate to severe CKD (<45.0 mL/min/1.73 m(2)). Cognitive function was assessed using the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Functional Assessment Tool. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the relationships between eGFR and cognitive decline. RESULTS: After multivariate adjustment, participants with lower eGFR had lower cognitive function scores on most domains (P < .05). In particular, participants with advanced CKD (eGFR <45 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) were more likely to have significant cognitive decline on the Trail Making Test part A (odds ratio = 2.347, 95% confidence interval = 1.525-3.614) and the Symbol Digit Substitution Task (odds ratio = 2.308, 95% confidence interval = 1.486-3.585) than those with normal and mild CKD. CONCLUSIONS: A lower level of kidney function was associated with lower cognitive performance in attention and processing speed. These results suggest that eGFR might be an effective method to screen for cognitive decline in community-dwelling older adults.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.12.009

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the Berg Balance Scale (BBS) score on admission and after 1 month can be used to predict the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) walking level 6 or 7 (modified independent and independent gait respectively) after 3 months and to determine the optimal BBS cut-off score for predicting independent gait among inpatients with first stroke in a rehabilitation facility. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. SETTING: Inpatient rehabilitation facility (Kaifukuki). PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred fifty-one consecutive patients with first stroke and nonindependent gait on admission. OUTCOME MEASURES: BBS on admission and after 1 month and FIM on admission and after 3 months. RESULTS: Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for predicting independent gait after 3 months were 0.81 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75-0.88) for BBS score on admission; the optimal cut-off score being >/=13 (63% sensitivity; 90% specificity). Achieving greater cut-off score on admission was significantly associated with subsequent independent gait (odds ratio, 9.7; 95% CI, 4.38-21.36; P < .001). A subanalysis of patients with poor balance on admission (BBS score <13; n = 191) showed area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for predicting independent gait after 3 months of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.80-0.95) for BBS scores 1 month after admission. In this subgroup, BBS scores at 1 month of >/=27 were significantly associated with subsequent independent gait (odds ratio, 21.6, 95% CI, 6.40-73.20; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Admission BBS scores predicted FIM walking level 6 or 7, which denotes modified independent or independent gait, after 3 months, the optimal cut-off for BBS scores being >/=13 among inpatients with first stroke in a rehabilitation facility. Patients with poor balance on admission whose BBS scores had improved to >/=27 at 1 month after admission were likely to achieve modified independent or independent gait within 3 months after admission.

DOI： 10.1016/j.pmrj.2015.01.009

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Greater physical activity (PA) is associated with better memory performance and greater hippocampal volume in older adults. However, most studies to date assessed PA via questionnaires and thereby lacked objective characterization of PA (eg, intensity, duration, etc.). Thus, we currently do not have a comprehensive understanding of PA characteristics that are important for neuroprotection, especially among older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Thus, using triaxial accelerometers, we examined the association between light- and moderate-intensity PA, total duration of PA, hippocampal volume, and memory in older adults with MCI. METHODS: This cross-sectional study involved 310 older adults with MCI who completed neuropsychological tests of memory, and structural magnetic resonance imaging. Participants were instructed to wear the accelerometer on an elastic band on their hip at all times for 2 weeks. Average daily duration of light, moderate, and total PA (min/day) was calculated. RESULTS: Moderate PA was associated with hippocampal volume (beta = .167, p = .003) after controlling for age, but light PA (beta = -.021, p = .713) and total PA (beta = .011, p = .844) were not. Both light and moderate PAs were not associated with memory performance. Structural equation modeling demonstrated that moderate PA was not directly associated with memory but significantly contributed to hippocampal volume; hippocampal volume loss was significantly and directly associated with poor memory performance. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that the benefits of moderate PA on memory among older adults with MCI are mediated by hippocampal volume. Furthermore, light PA may not reduce dementia risk among older adults with MCI.

DOI： 10.1093/gerona/glu136

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Our aim was to determine whether baseline measures of cognitive functioning, walking speed, and depressive status are independent predictors of limitations in instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in older adults. The cross-sectional study involved 1329 community-dwelling adults, aged 75 years or older. At baseline, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Symbol Digit Substitution Test (SDST), Geriatric Depressive Scale (GDS), and a word list memory task were completed, and self-reported IADLs and walking speed were recorded. The longitudinal study involved 948 participants without baseline IADL limitation, which was assessed at baseline and 15-month follow up, using the three Kihon Checklist subitems. In cross-sectional analyses, participants with IADL limitation demonstrated greater GDS scores, slower walking speeds, and lower MMSE, word list memory task, and SDST (only for women) scores relative to those without IADL limitation. In the longitudinal analyses, baseline walking speed (men: OR 0.98; women: OR 0.97, p<0.05) and word list memory task scores (men: OR 0.84; women: OR 0.83, p<0.05) in both sexes and SDST scores in women (OR 0.96, p=0.04) were independent predictors of subsequent IADL limitation. Walking speed, memory, and processing speed may be independent predictors of IADL limitation in older adults.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph120303002

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether frailty is an important and independent predictor of incident depressive symptoms in elderly people without depressive symptoms at baseline. DESIGN: Fifteen-month prospective study. SETTING: General community in Japan. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 3025 community-dwelling elderly people aged 65 years or over without depressive symptoms at baseline. MEASUREMENTS: The self-rated 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale was used to assess symptoms of depression with a score of 6 or more at baseline and 15-month follow-up. Participants underwent a structural interview designed to obtain demographic factors and frailty status, and completed cognitive testing with the Mini-Mental State Examination and physical performance testing with the Short Physical Performance Battery as potential predictors. RESULTS: At a 15-month follow-up survey, 226 participants (7.5%) reported the development of depressive symptoms. We found that frailty and poor self-rated general health (adjusted odds ratio 1.86, 95% confidence interval 1.30-2.66, P < .01) were independent predictors of incident depressive symptoms. The odds ratio for depressive symptoms in participants with frailty compared with robust participants was 1.86 (95% confidence interval 1.05-3.28, P = .03) after adjusting for demographic factors, self-rated general health, behavior, living arrangements, Mini-Mental State Examination, Short Physical Performance Battery, and Geriatric Depression Scale scores at baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggested that frailty and poor self-rated general health were independent predictors of depressive symptoms in community-dwelling elderly people.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jamda.2014.08.017

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The decrease in serum insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) with aging is related to the neurobiological processes in Alzheimer's disease. IGF-1 mediates effects of physical exercise on the brain, and cognition has a common pathophysiology with physical function, particularly with gait. The aim of this study was to examine whether mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and slow gait are associated with the serum IGF-1 level. A population survey was conducted in 3355 participants (mean age, 71.4 years). Cognitive functions (attention, executive function, processing speed, visuospatial skill, and memory), gait speed, and demographic variables were measured. All cognitive functions and gait speed were associated with the IGF-1 level (p < 0.001). The association of IGF-1 with slow gait was weakened by adjustment for covariates, but MCI and the combination of MCI and slow gait were independently related to the IGF-1 level in multivariate analysis (p < 0.05). Our findings support the association of a low IGF-1 level with reduced cognitive function and gait speed, particularly with a combination of MCI and slow gait.

DOI： 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.10.035

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Physical activity may help to prevent or delay brain atrophy. Numerous studies have shown associations between physical activity and age-related changes in the brain. However, most of these studies involved self-reported physical activity, not objectively measured physical activity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the association between objectively measured physical activity, as determined using accelerometers, and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). We analyzed 323 older subjects with MCI (mean age 71.4 years) who were recruited from the participants of the Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly. We recorded demographic data and measured physical activity using a tri-axial accelerometer. Physical activity was classified as light-intensity physical activity (LPA) or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Brain atrophy and the severity of white matter lesions (WML) were determined by MRI. Low levels of LPA and MVPA were associated with severe WML. Subjects with severe WML were older, had lower mobility, and had greater brain atrophy than subjects with mild WML (all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that more MVPA was associated with less brain atrophy, even after adjustment for WML (beta=-0.126, P=0.015), but LPA was not (beta=-0.102, P=0.136). Our study revealed that objectively measured physical activity, especially MVPA, was associated with brain atrophy in MCI subjects, even after adjusting for WML. These findings support the hypothesis that physical activity plays a crucial role in maintaining brain health.

DOI： 10.1016/j.exger.2014.12.011

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the associations between self-reported subjective physical and cognitive age, and actual physical and cognitive functions among community-dwelling older people aged 75 years and older. METHOD: The sample comprised 275 older adults aged 75-91 years. Two questions were asked regarding subjective age: 'How old do you feel physically?' and 'How old do you feel cognitively?' To assess physical functions, we measured handgrip strength, knee extension strength, standing balance and walking speed. Tests of attention, executive function, processing speed and memory were performed to assess actual cognitive function. RESULTS: Subjective physical and cognitive age was associated with performance on all of the physical and cognitive tests, respectively (p < 0.01). We also found that older adults who reported themselves as feeling older than their chronological age had a slower walking speed and lower scores for word-list memory recall than those who did not report themselves as feeling older than their actual age. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that promoting a fast walking speed and good memory function may help to maintain a younger subjective physical and cognitive age in older adults aged 75 years and older.

DOI： 10.1080/13607863.2014.967169

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

[Purpose] Older adults experience exhaustion-induced health problems, such as poor physical function and low physical activity levels. The associations between self-reported exhaustion and physical function and activity are not clear in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between self-reported exhaustion and physical function and activity in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. [Subjects] A total of 356 older adults with mild cognitive impairment (mean age = 71.6 +/- 0.3 years, 50.8% women) were included in this study. [Methods] Self-reported exhaustion was identified by one item from the Study of Osteoporotic Fractures index. Gait speed, gait endurance, and life space were also assessed. [Results] Sixty-two participants reported having exhaustion, giving a 17.4% prevalence of self-reported exhaustion among these individuals. Logistic regression analysis showed that the Life-Space Assessment score was the only parameter significantly independently associated with exhaustion status (adjusted odds ratio 0.97, 95% confidence interval 0.95-0.99). [Conclusion] These results suggest that self-reported exhaustion is associated with life space. Future research is needed to identify ways for older people with MCI to improve their exhaustion status.

DOI： 10.1589/jpts.26.1979,

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Many longitudinal studies have found that older adults with depressive symptoms or depression have increased risk of cognitive impairment. We investigated the relationships between depressive symptoms or depression, cognitive function, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and volumetric MRI measurements in older adults. A total of 4352 individuals aged 65 years or older (mean age 72 years) participated in the study. We investigated medical history and geriatric depression scale-15 (GDS-15) items to determine depression and depressive symptoms. Cognitive tests included the mini-mental state examination (MMSE), story memory, word list memory, trail-making tests, and the symbol digit substitution task. Of the 4352 participants, 570 (13%) fulfilled the criteria for depressive symptoms (GDS-15: 6 + points) and 87 (2%) were diagnosed with depression. All cognitive tests showed significant differences between the 'no depressive symptoms', 'depressive symptoms', and 'depression' groups. The 'depressive symptoms' and 'depression' groups showed lower serum BDNF (p < 0.001) concentrations than the 'no depressive symptoms' group. The 'depressive symptoms' group exhibited greater atrophy of the right medial temporal lobe than did the 'no depressive symptoms' group (p = 0.023). These results suggest that memory, executive function, and processing speed examinations are useful to identify cognitive decline in older adults who have depressive symptoms and depression. Serum BDNF concentration and atrophy of the right medial temporal lobe may in part mediate the relationships between depressive symptoms and cognitive decline.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.06.004

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Growing evidence supports the relationships between depressive symptoms, cognitive decline, and brain structural changes in older adults. The purpose of this study was to determine whether depressive symptoms are related to cerebral oxygenation during cognitive tasks in older adults. In this study, 80 elderly subjects (73.9 +/- 5.4 years, 34 males) were evaluated using multi-channel Near-infrared spectroscopy. Concentration changes (mmolcm/l) in oxy-hemoglobin (oxy-Hb), as the most reliable available indicator of changes in regional cerebral blood flow, in the right and left prefrontal cortex were measured during the Trail Making Test Part B (TMT-B). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the short Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Subjects were divided into a depressive group (GDS greater than or equal to 6) and non-depressive group (GDS lower than 6). In results, Oxy-Hb activation during the TMT-B was significantly smaller in the depressive group (n=13) than in the non-depressive group (n=67) in both the right and left prefrontal cortex. In the multivariate analysis, GDS scores were significantly negatively correlated with oxy-Hb activation after adjusting for age, gender and educational history (right, beta=-0.32, p=0.002; left, beta=-0.25, p=0.02). Less prefrontal activation in older adults with depressive symptoms may account for decline in executive function. Further studies are needed to investigate the influence of the less brain activation associated with depressive symptoms on future cognitive decline and structural brain changes in older adults.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archger.2014.07.003

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The purpose of this study was to examine whether the combined factors of physical performance, depressive symptoms and cognitive status are significantly associated with a history of falling in community-dwelling elderly. We performed a cross-sectional community-based survey, the OSHPE, from August 2011 to February 2012. In total, 5104 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older (mean age 72.0) participated in the OSHPE. Participants underwent a grip strength (GS) test, chair stand test (CST), Timed Up & Go (TUG) test, Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Of the 4481 participants who met our requirements, 645 (14.4%) participants reported falling at least once in the past year. In a signal detection analysis (SDA), we found that the combination of GDS (>/=6 points) and TUG (>/=10.6 s) had the highest fall rate (36.4%), and the combination of GDS (<6 points) and CST (<11.1 s) had the lowest fall rate (11.7%). The highest fall rate group had a significantly higher odds ratio (OR) compared with the lowest fall rate group after adjusting for other potentially confounding variables [OR 3.12 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.08-4.68) p<0.001]. The combination of depressive symptoms, TUG, and CST performance was strongly associated with a history of falling in community-dwelling elderly.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archger.2014.01.001

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVES: Few studies have reported the relationship between fear of falling (FoF) and mild and global cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults. We aimed to determine whether the status of cognitive impairment affects the prevalence of FoF in community-dwelling older adults. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional study among 4474 community-dwelling older adults who participated in the Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants underwent cognitive tests and were divided into three groups: cognitive healthy, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and global cognitive impairment (GCI). FoF and related variables, such as fall history, physical function, and depression, were also investigated. RESULTS: The prevalence of FoF was significantly different by group (p<0.001; healthy: 43.6%, MCI: 50.6%, GCI: 40.6%). Logistic regression analysis showed that GCI (odds ratio=0.63; 95% confidence interval=0.526-0.76) was independently associated with FoF, after controlling for confounding factors. Older adults with GCI showed the lowest prevalence of FoF, although they had the lowest physical function comparing with the other groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: MCI and GCI in community-dwelling older adults affect the prevalence of FoF in a completely different manner. Further study is required to determine whether insensitivity to FoF with GCI increases the risk of falling in older adults.

DOI： 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.02.018

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Gait ability and cognitive function are interrelated during both normal walking (NW) and dual-task walking (DTW), and gait ability is thus adversely affected by cognitive impairment in both situations. However, this association is insufficiently understood in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Here, we conducted a study with MCI participants, to examine whether the association depends on walking conditions and MCI subtypes. METHODS: We classified 389 elderly adults into amnestic MCI (n = 191) and non-amnestic MCI (n = 198), assessed their cognitive functions, and administered gait experiments under NW and DTW conditions. Gait ability was defined as gait speed. Five aspects of cognitive function were assessed: processing speed, executive function, working memory, verbal memory, and visual memory. RESULTS: Regression analysis adjusted for covariates showed a significant association between cognitive functions and gait speed. Processing speed and executive function correlated with gait speed during both NW and DTW (p < .05). Gait speed during DTW was also significantly associated with working memory (p < .001). Visual memory was associated during NW and DTW, particularly for amnestic MCI participants (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the idea that the association between gait speed and cognitive function depends on walking condition and MCI subtypes. Additional studies are necessary to determine the neural basis for the disruption in gait control in older adults with MCI.

DOI： 10.1186/1471-2377-14-67

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

AIM: Several operative definitions and screening methods for sarcopenia have been proposed in previous studies; however, the opinions of researchers still differ. We compared the prevalence of sarcopenia using two different algorithms: (i) the European working group on sarcopenia in older people (EWGSOP)-suggested algorithm using gait speed as the first step; and (ii) the muscle mass and strength algorithm. METHODS: A population-based, cross-sectional survey of adults aged over 65 years was carried out. Data on a total of 4811 participants were available for analysis. Gait speed, grip strength and appendicular skeletal muscle mass were assessed to determine sarcopenia. Appendicular skeletal muscle mass was estimated from bioimpedance analysis measurements and expressed as skeletal muscle mass index. Grip strength and skeletal muscle mass index were considered to be low if they fell below the threshold of the lowest 20% of values measured in a subset of healthy subjects. We compared the prevalence rates of sarcopenia determined by the two algorithms. RESULTS: The prevalence rate of sarcopenia in a representative sample of older Japanese adults was 8.2% for men and 6.8% for women based on the EWGSOP algorithm. The two algorithms identified the same participants as sarcopenic, the only difference being the EWGSOP algorithm classified an additional seven participants (0.15%) into sarcopenia compared with the muscle mass and strength algorithm. CONCLUSION: It is debatable whether inclusion of gait speed is necessary when screening for sarcopenia in community-dwelling older adults. Future research should examine the necessity of including gait speed in algorithms and the validity of cut-off values.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.12210

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Olfactory impairment constitutes one of the earliest signs of Alzheimer's disease in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. We investigated which aspects of neuropsychological measures are correlated with olfactory identification performance among older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Total of 220 participants with mild cognitive impairment (mean age 71.7 years) were examined. Odor identification was assessed using the Open Essence test. Participants underwent comprehensive neurocognitive evaluation, including measures of verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, attention/executive function, and processing speed. We examined associations between olfactory function and cognitive performance scores. Participants with severe hyposmia exhibited significantly poor verbal and visual memory performance, attention/executive function, and slower processing speed scores compared with those without severe hyposmia. In multivariable logistic regression models, better performance scores on verbal and visual memory were significantly associated with decreased likelihood of severe hyposmia after adjusting for age, sex, education, and other cognitive performance scores. These findings suggest that olfactory impairment might be more closely associated with memory loss compared with other aspects of cognitive functioning in mild cognitive impairment subjects.

DOI： 10.1093/chemse/bjt052

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVE: The clinical relationship between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cognitive function or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is not well-understood. The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between serum BDNF and cognitive function and MCI, and determine whether serum BDNF level might be a useful biomarker for assessing risk for MCI in older people. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 4463 individuals aged 65 years or older (mean age 72 years) participating in the study. We measured performance in a battery of neuropsychological and cognitive function tests; serum BDNF concentration. RESULTS: Eight hundred twenty-seven participants (18.8%) had MCI. After adjustment for sex, age, education level, diabetes, and current smoking, serum BDNF was associated with poorer performance in the story memory, and digit symbol substitution task scores. Serum BDNF was marginally associated with the presence of MCI (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.41, 1.00-1.99) when BDNF was 1.5 SD lower than the mean value standardized for sex and age, education level, diabetes, and current smoking. CONCLUSION: Low serum BDNF was associated with lower cognitive test scores and MCI. Future prospective studies should establish the discriminative value of serum BDNF for the risk of MCI.

DOI： 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00069

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

AIM: This study sought to confirm the test-retest reliability and validity of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology functional assessment tool (NCGG-FAT), a newly developed assessment of multidimensional neurocognitive function using a tablet personal computer (PC). METHODS: This study included 20 community-dwelling older adults (9 females, aged 65-81 years). Participants were administered the NCGG-FAT twice, separated by approximately 30 days to determine test-retest reliability. To test the validity of the measure, participants underwent established neurocognitive measurements, including memory, attention, executive function, processing speed and visuospatial function within a week from the first administration of the NCGG-FAT. RESULTS: Test-retest reliability was in an acceptable range for each component of the NCGG-FAT, with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.764 to 0.942. Each task in the NCGG-FAT showed a moderate to high correlation with scores on widely-used conventional neurocognitive tests (r = 0.496 to 0.842). CONCLUSION: We found that the NCGG-FAT using a tablet PC was reliable in a sample of community-dwelling older adults. The NCGG-FAT might be useful for cognitive screening in population-based samples and outcomes, enabling assessment of the effects of intervention on multidimensional cognitive function among older adults.

DOI： 10.1111/ggi.12014

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Dual-task walking (DTW) is thought to involve activation of the prefrontal cortex in healthy adults and to be affected by cognitive impairment. However, it is unclear whether prefrontal cortex activation is involved in DTW in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. This study examined brain activation during DTW among older adults with mild cognitive impairment using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. METHODS: Sixteen older adults (aged 75.4 +/- 7.2 years, women n = 6) performed gait experiments under normal walking and DTW conditions. We used a design with 60-s blocks consisting of a 10-s rest standing as pre-resting period, a 20-s walking task period, and a 30-s rest standing as post-resting period. Walking speed was measured during a 20-s walking task. Changes in oxy-hemoglobin were measured in the prefrontal area during gait experiments. RESULTS: Walking speed was slower during DTW compared with normal walking (p < 0.001). The oxy-hemoglobin level during DTW was higher than during normal walking (p < 0.001) and was correlated with executive function, as measured by Stroop interference (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that DTW is associated with prefrontal activation among older adults with mild cognitive impairment. The brain activation during DTW was correlated with executive function. Additional studies are necessary to elucidate the effects of cognitive impairment on the association between prefrontal activity and walking under various conditions.

DOI： 10.1007/s40520-013-0119-5

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: The risk of falling is associated with cognitive dysfunction. Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) exhibit an accelerated reduction of brain volume, and face an increased risk of falling. The current study examined the relationship between baseline physical performance, baseline gray matter volume and falls during a 12-month follow-up period among community-dwelling older adults with MCI. METHODS: Forty-two older adults with MCI (75.6 years, 43% women) underwent structural magnetic resonance imaging and baseline physical performance assessment, including knee-extension strength, one-legged standing time, and walking speed with normal pace. 'Fallers' were defined as people who had one or more falls during the 12-month follow-up period. RESULTS: Of the 42 participants, 26.2% (n = 11) experienced at least one fall during the 12-month follow-up period. Fallers exhibited slower walking speed and shorter one-legged standing time compared with non-fallers (both p < .01). One-legged standing time (sec) (standardized odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 0.89 [0.81, 0.98], p = .02) was associated with a significantly lower rate of falls during the 12-month follow-up after adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, and history of falling in the past year at baseline. Voxel-based morphometry was used to examine differences in baseline gray matter volume between fallers and non-fallers, revealing that fallers exhibited a significantly greater reduction in the bilateral middle frontal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus. CONCLUSIONS: Poor balance predicts falls over 12 months, and baseline lower gray matter densities in the middle frontal gyrus and superior frontal gyrus were associated with falls in older adults with MCI. Maintaining physical function, especially balance, and brain structural changes through many sorts of prevention strategies in the early stage of cognitive decline may contribute to decreasing the risk of falls in older adults with MCI.

DOI： 10.1186/1471-2377-13-102

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVE: Preventive strategies for frailty and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are important for avoiding future functional decline and dementia in older adults. The purpose of this study was to use a population-based survey to ascertain the single and combined prevalence of frailty and MCI and to identify the relationships between frailty and MCI in older Japanese adults. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: General community. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 5104 older adults (aged 65 years or older, mean age 71 years) who were enrolled in the Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly (OSHPE). MEASUREMENTS: Each participant underwent detailed physical and cognitive testing to assess frailty and MCI. We considered the frailty phenotype to be characterized by limitations in 3 or more of the following 5 domains: mobility, strength, endurance, physical activity, and nutrition. Screening for MCI included a standardized personal interview, the Mini-Mental State Examination, and the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Functional Assessment Tool (NCGG-FAT), which included 8 tasks used to assess logical memory (immediate and delayed recognition), word list memory (immediate and delayed recall), attention and executive function (tablet version of Trail Making Test-part A and B), processing speed (tablet version of digit symbol substitution test), and visuospatial skill (figure selection). RESULTS: The overall prevalence of frailty, MCI, and frailty and MCI combined was 11.3%, 18.8%, and 2.7%, respectively. We found significant relationships between frailty and MCI (the odds ratio adjusted for age, sex, and education was 2.0 (95% confidence interval 1.5-2.5). CONCLUSIONS: Using the OSHPE criteria, we found more participants with MCI than with frailty. The prevalence of frailty and MCI combined was 2.7% in our population. Future investigation is necessary to determine whether this population is at increased risk for disability or mortality.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jamda.2013.03.010

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This study evaluated brain activity during unaccustomed treadmill walking using positron emission tomography (PET) and [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose. Twenty-four healthy elderly females (75-82 years) participated in this study. Two PET scans were performed after 25 min of rest and after walking for 25 min at 2.0 km/h on a treadmill. Participants were divided into low and high step-length variability groups according to the median coefficient of variation in step length during treadmill walking. We compared the regional changes in brain glucose metabolism between the two groups. The most prominent relative activations during treadmill walking compared to rest in both groups were found in the primary sensorimotor areas, occipital lobe, and anterior and posterior lobe of the cerebellum. The high step-length variability group showed significant relative deactivations in the frontal lobe and the inferior temporal gyrus during treadmill walking. There was a significant relative activation of the primary sensorimotor area in the low step-length variability group compared to the high step-length variability group (P = 0.022). Compared to the low step-length variability group, the high step-length variability group exhibited a greater relative deactivation in the white matter of the middle and superior temporal gyrus (P = 0.032) and hippocampus (P = 0.034) during treadmill walking compared to resting. These results suggest that activation of the primary sensorimotor area, prefrontal area, and temporal lobe, especially the hippocampus, is associated with gait adaptability during unaccustomed treadmill walking.

DOI： 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.11.008

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

AIM: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between dual-task performance and neurocognitive measures in community-dwelling older people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS: A total of 98 subjects (mean age 74.8 years, 52.0% female) participated in the study. We compared 36 participants with amnestic MCI (aMCI) with 62 participants with non-amnestic MCI (non-aMCI) on dual-task performance as measured by reaction time responses. The relationships between dual-task performance and multiple domains of neurocognitive functions, including general cognitive function, visual memory, working memory, executive function and processing speed, were examined. RESULTS: Although there were no statistically significant group differences in simple reaction times (P = 0.734), the aMCI group showed significantly slower dual-task reaction times than the non-aMCI group (P = 0.012). Using multiple regression analysis, we found that there was a significant relationship between executive function and dual-task reaction times (beta = 0.298, P = 0.006). CONCLUSION: These results showed that aMCI subjects showed a specific deficit in dual-task performance compared with non-aMCI subjects, and poor dual-task performance was associated with declines in executive function in older people with MCI. Future longitudinal and interventional studies should investigate the use of dual-task testing with varying levels of cognitive demand in older adults at risk of dementia.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2012.00898.x

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

AIM: The detection of the early stages in amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is considered important in diagnosing progression to Alzheimer's disease. The current study sought to investigate differences in cognitive function between control subjects with no memory loss (control), and subjects in the early stage of aMCI (EMCI) and late stage of aMCI (LMCI). METHODS: A total of 100 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and over were recruited from 1543 potential subjects. Subjects were classified into three groups based on the degree of objective memory impairment; control (n=29), EMCI (n=34) and LMCI (n=37). Multiple neuropsychological tests were carried out to examine cognitive function. RESULTS: The EMCI individuals showed lower cognitive function relative to controls; not only in logical memory, but also in letter fluency (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in neuropsychological scores between the EMCI and LMCI groups, except for category fluency and logical memory. In addition, the EMCI subjects' logical memory score showed a significant relationship with letter fluency, category fluency and digit span backward test performance (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the application of multiple neuropsychological tests might be useful in diagnosing older adults with EMCI and LMCI.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2012.00865.x

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

Exercise training has been shown to increase physical function in the elderly. However, the effects of exercise on elderly individuals with amnestic aMCI are unclear. The aim of this RCT was to investigate the effect of multicomponent exercise on gait in the elderly. Fifty elderly individuals with aMCI (age: 65-92 years) participated in the study and were randomly allocated to a multicomponent exercise or control group. Multicomponent exercise training was performed for 90 min, twice a week over six months. Gait was analyzed at baseline and after the six month intervention. Gait analysis was performed on an eleven meter walkway at each subject's comfortable walking speed. A miniature tri-axial accelerometer was attached to the L3 spinous process and was used to analyze gait speed, stride length, stride time, and the harmonic ratio (HR) (representing the smoothness of trunk movement). There were no differences in the participant characteristics or gait parameters between the groups at baseline. After adjustment for covariates the multicomponent exercise program had a significant (p<0.05) effect on gait speed, stride length, and the vertical HR. Through improving gait, multicomponent exercise training improves the physical health of the elderly with aMCI.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archger.2012.09.003

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

This study sought to investigate the relationship between going outdoor daily and prefrontal cortex activation during execution of the VFT using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in community-dwelling older adults. Blood oxygenation changes in left and right prefrontal cortices were measured in twenty older adults (mean age 76.1 +/- 6.7 years) by NIRS during VFT performance. In this task, participants were required to pronounce as many nouns as possible beginning with the letters "Shi," "I," and "Re." Changes in oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hb) levels during the VFT were compared between two groups defined by the frequency of going outdoors: daily or non-daily within a week. Participants in both groups exhibited significantly increased oxy-Hb levels in the left and right prefrontal cortices during the VFT compared to a resting baseline condition. After controlling for age and gender, there were significant group-by-condition interactions on oxy-Hb levels with less activation during the execution of the VFT over both cortices in the non-daily group (left: F=4.76, p=0.04; right: F=6.32, p=0.02). These findings indicate that going outdoors daily is associated with increased activation in the prefrontal cortices during VFT performance in community-dwelling older adults.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archger.2012.08.017

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

AIM: Restriction of life-space is associated with physical performance and functional decline in older adults. Little is known about the factors associated with life-space in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with life-space in older adults with aMCI. METHODS: The study participants were 69 older adults (mean age 74.5 years, males 56.5%) who were identified with aMCI. Life-space mobility was measured using a Japanese translation of the life-space assessment (LSA). Age, sex, cognitive function (general function, executive function and processing speed), physical performance, instrumental activities of daily living status (IADL) and fear of falling (FoF) were measured as potential relevant factors. RESULTS: Univariate analysis showed that the LSA was associated with FoF, sex, physical performance, processing speed and IADL. In the stepwise regression analysis, FoF, processing speed and IADL maintained a significant association with the LSA scores, although sex and physical performance did not reach significance. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the restrictions of life-space in older adults with aMCI were more affected by the FoF, slower processing speed and restricted IADL than sex or physical performance.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2012.00878.x

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Although much evidence supports the hypothesis that cognitive function and physical function are interrelated, it is unclear whether cognitive decline with mild cognitive impairment influences trainability of physical performance in exercise intervention. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between cognitive function at baseline and change in physical performance after exercise intervention in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. METHODS: Forty-four older adults diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment based on the Peterson criteria (mean age 74.8 years) consented to and completed a 6-month twice weekly exercise intervention. The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test was used as a measure of physical performance. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Trail Making Test Part B, Geriatric Depression Scale, baseline muscle strength of knee extension, and attendance rate of intervention, were measured as factors for predicting trainability. RESULTS: In the correlation analysis, the change in TUG showed modest correlations with attendance rate in the exercise program (r = -0.354, P = 0.027) and MMSE at baseline (r = -0.321, P = 0.034). A multiple regression analysis revealed that change in TUG was independently associated with attendance rate (beta = -0.322, P = 0.026) and MMSE score (beta = -0.295, P = 0.041), controlling for age and gender. CONCLUSION: General cognitive function was associated with improvements in physical performance after exercise intervention in subjects with mild cognitive impairment. Further research is needed to examine the effects of exercise programs designed to address cognitive obstacles in older adults with mild cognitive impairment.

DOI： 10.2147/CIA.S39434,

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

AIMS: This study aimed to identify differences in the implementation of cognitive activities and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) between healthy individuals and subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS: The study included 2,498 cognitively healthy subjects (mean age, 71.2 +/- 5.1 years) and 809 MCI subjects (mean age, 71.8 +/- 5.4 years). The subjects were interviewed regarding their participation in cognitive activities and the implementation of IADLs. RESULTS: We found a significant association between participation in any cognitive activities (p < 0.001), using a bus or a train (p < 0.001), and MCI. After adjusting for covariates, cognitive activity of any type remained significantly associated with MCI (p < 0.005) but not with the implementation of IADLs. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed that greater participation in cognitive activity was associated with lower odds of MCI. Participation in cognitive activities may reflect differences between healthy and MCI subjects. To clarify the causal relationship between cognitive activities and MCI, further studies are required.

DOI： 10.1159/000355553,

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND/AIMS: High fitness levels play an important role in maintaining memory function and delaying the progression of structural brain changes in older people at risk of developing dementia. However, it is unclear which specific regions of the brain volume are associated with exercise capacity. We investigated whether exercise capacity, determined by a 6-min walking distance (6MWD), is associated with measures of logical and visual memory and where gray matter regions correlate with exercise capacity in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS: Ninety-one community-dwelling older adults with MCI completed a 6-min walking test, structural magnetic resonance imaging scanning, and memory tests. The Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Logical Memory and Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Tests were used to assess logical and visual memory, respectively. RESULTS: The logical and visual memory tests were positively correlated with the 6MWD (p < 0.01). Poor performance in the 6MWD was correlated with a reduced cerebral gray matter volume in the left middle temporal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, and hippocampus in older adults with MCI. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a better 6MWD performance may be related to better memory function and the maintenance of gray matter volume in older adults with MCI.

DOI： 10.1159/000354189,

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: To examine the effect of multicomponent exercise program on memory function in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and identify biomarkers associated with improvement of cognitive functions. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Subjects were 100 older adults (mean age, 75 years) with MCI. The subjects were classified to an amnestic MCI group (n = 50) with neuroimaging measures, and other MCI group (n = 50) before the randomization. Subjects in each group were randomized to either a multicomponent exercise or an education control group using a ratio of 1ratio1. The exercise group exercised for 90 min/d, 2 d/wk, 40 times for 6 months. The exercise program was conducted under multitask conditions to stimulate attention and memory. The control group attended two education classes. A repeated-measures ANOVA revealed that no group x time interactions on the cognitive tests and brain atrophy in MCI patients. A sub-analysis of amnestic MCI patients for group x time interactions revealed that the exercise group exhibited significantly better Mini-Mental State Examination (p = .04) and logical memory scores (p = .04), and reducing whole brain cortical atrophy (p<.05) compared to the control group. Low total cholesterol levels before the intervention were associated with an improvement of logical memory scores (p<.05), and a higher level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor was significantly related to improved ADAS-cog scores (p<.05). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The results suggested that an exercise intervention is beneficial for improving logical memory and maintaining general cognitive function and reducing whole brain cortical atrophy in older adults with amnestic MCI. Low total cholesterol and higher brain-derived neurotrophic factor may predict improvement of cognitive functions in older adults with MCI. Further studies are required to determine the positive effects of exercise on cognitive function in older adults with MCI. TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN-CTR UMIN000003662 ctr.cgi&quest;function&hairsp;&equals;&hairsp;brows&action&hairsp;&equals;&hairsp ;brows&type&hairsp;&equals;&hairsp;summary&recptno&hairsp;&equals;&hairsp;R000004 436&language&hairsp;&equals;&hairsp;J.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0061483,

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVES: To identify appropriate clinical tests for determining the demand for personal care in older Japanese people. DESIGN: Cross-sectional observation study. SETTING: Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly (Obu, Aichi) and Tsukui Ordered Useful Care for Health (241 day-care centres) cohorts in Japan. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 10 351 individuals aged 65 years or older (6791 with personal care and 3560 without personal care) participated in the study. MEASURES: Physical performance tests included grip strength, the chair stand test, walking speed at a comfortable pace, and the timed up-and-go test. Personal care was defined as participants who had been certified in the national social long-term care insurance in Japan. RESULTS: Individuals who received personal care showed a significantly poorer performance than those without personal care for all physical performance tests (p<0.001). Gait speed was the most useful of the physical performance tests to determine the demand for personal care (receiver operating characteristic curve statistics: men, 0.92; women, 0.94; sensitivity: men, 86; women, 90; specificity: men, 85; women, 85). After adjustment for age, sex, cognitive impairment and other physical tests, all physical performance tests were individually associated with the demand for personal care. A slow gait speed (<1 m/s) was more strongly correlated with the demand for personal care than other performance measures (gait speed OR: 5.9; 95% CI: 5.0 to 6.9). CONCLUSIONS: Clinical tests of physical performance are associated with the demand for personal care in older people. Preventive strategies to maintain physical independence may be required in older adults who show a gait speed slower than 1 m/s. Further research is necessary to confirm these preliminary results.

DOI： 10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002424

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: There has been much interest in exercise interventions as a primary behavioral prevention strategy against cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multicomponent exercise program on physical and dual-task performances in community-dwelling older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). METHODS: Fifty older adults (23 women) with aMCI (mean age, 76 years) were randomized to an intervention (n=25) or a control group (n=25). The intervention group received a multicomponent exercise program for 90 minutes/day, 2 days/week, or 40 times over six months. The multicomponent exercises included aerobic exercise, muscle strength training and postural balance retraining, which was conducted under multi-task conditions to stimulate attention and memory. Participants in the control group attended two health promotion education classes within six months. Physical and dual-task performances were measured before randomization and after six months. Dual-task performances using reaction times with balance and cognitive demands were measured. RESULTS: The improvement effects on dual-task performances with both balance and cognitive demands were not statistically significant: reaction time with balance demand F1,45=3.3, p=0.07, and cognitive demand F1,45=2.6, p=0.12. However, there was a significant group-by-time interaction on maximal walking speed, which decreased significantly in the control group (F1,45=5.9, p=0.02). CONCLUSION: This six-month multicomponent exercise program improved maximal walking speed in older adults with aMCI; however, it did not improve dual-task performances assessed by reaction times.

DOI： 10.3275/8760

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

UNLABELLED: BACKGROUND: To examine the effects of a multicomponent exercise program on the cognitive function of older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). METHODS: DESIGN: Twelve months, randomized controlled trial; SETTING: Community center in Japan; PARTICIPANTS: Fifty older adults (27 men) with aMCI ranging in age from 65 to 93 years (mean age, 75 years); INTERVENTION: Subjects were randomized into either a multicomponent exercise (n = 25) or an education control group (n = 25). Subjects in the multicomponent exercise group exercised under the supervision of physiotherapists for 90 min/d, 2 d/wk, for a total of 80 times over 12 months. The exercises included aerobic exercises, muscle strength training, and postural balance retraining, and were conducted using multiple conditions to stimulate cognitive functions. Subjects in the control group attended three education classes regarding health during the 12-month period. MEASUREMENTS were administered before, after the 6-month, and after the 12-month intervention period; MEASUREMENTS: The performance measures included the mini-mental state examination, logical memory subtest of the Wechsler memory scale-revised, digit symbol coding test, letter and categorical verbal fluency test, and the Stroop color word test. RESULTS: The mean adherence to the exercise program was 79.2%. Improvements of cognitive function following multicomponent exercise were superior at treatment end (group x time interactions for the mini-mental state examination (P = 0.04), logical memory of immediate recall (P = 0.03), and letter verbal fluency test (P = 0.02)). The logical memory of delayed recall, digit symbol coding, and Stroop color word test showed main effects of time, although there were no group x time interactions. CONCLUSIONS: This study indicates that exercise improves or supports, at least partly, cognitive performance in older adults with aMCI.

DOI： 10.1186/1471-2377-12-128

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Many studies have suggested that social network, leisure activity, and physical activity can have protective effects against dementia and Alzheimer's disease. However, previous studies have not examined the relationship between daily activities and brain atrophy in older adults. This study aimed to explore what kind of daily activities were associated with atrophy of the medial temporal area including the entorhinal cortex (MTA-ERC) in older adults. METHODS: In total, 122 older adults (aged 65 and over) with subjective memory complaints or a Clinical Dementia Rating of 0.5 underwent magnetic resonance imaging, and MTA-ERC atrophy was assessed by the voxel- based morphometry method. Based on magnetic resonance imaging data, the subjects were divided into atrophy and non-atrophy groups. Daily activities were assessed using a 20-item questionnaire (e.g., instrumental activities of daily living, social activities), and we compared activity participation between the groups. RESULTS: The atrophy group (n=37) showed significantly lower participation in 4 out of 20 activity items (cleaning, intellectual activity, culture lessons, and using a personal computer) than the non-atrophy group (n=85). Summed scores of these 4 items (range from 0 to 4) were significantly associated with MTA-ERC atrophy even after adjustment for age, sex, education status, and Mini-Mental State Examination score. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, MTAERC atrophy was associated with cognitive activities or household-related activities requiring planning.

DOI： 10.3275/8297

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: Dual-task walking is believed to be more cognitively demanding than normal walking and alters trunk movement among older adults. However, the possible association between brain atrophy and spatiotemporal gait parameters, particularly during dual-task walking, is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the relationship between dual-task walking and brain atrophy. METHODS: One hundred ten elderly adults (aged 65-94 years, women n = 55) underwent magnetic resonance imaging scanning and gait experiments under normal and dual-task walking conditions. Linear accelerations of the trunk were measured in vertical, anteroposterior, and mediolateral directions using a triaxial accelerometer attached to the lower trunk. Gait speed, stride length, and cadence were recorded. The harmonic ratio, a measure of trunk stability, was computed separately in each direction to evaluate the smoothness of trunk movement during walking. Brain atrophy was quantitatively assessed using magnetic resonance image data. RESULTS: Gait speed, stride length, cadence, and harmonic ratio in all directions were lower in dual-task walking than in normal walking (p < .05). The dual-task-related changes in harmonic ratio were independently correlated with brain atrophy adjusted for subject characteristics only in the vertical direction (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings support the hypothesis that dual-task walking is more cognitively demanding than normal walking. Decreased trunk stability during dual-task walking is associated with brain atrophy. Additional studies are necessary to elucidate the effects of regional brain atrophy on the control of walking.

DOI： 10.1093/gerona/glr214

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

AIMS: The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of exercise intervention on vascular risk factors in older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS: Community-dwelling older adults who met the definition of MCI using the Petersen criteria (n = 100; mean age = 75.3 years) were randomly allocated to the exercise (n = 50) or education control group (n = 50). Participants in the exercise group exercised under the supervision of physiotherapists for 90 min/day, 2 days/week, 80 times for 12 months. Anthropometric profiles, blood markers, blood pressure, and physical fitness (the 6-min walking test) were measured. Total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and TC/HDL-C risk ratio measurements were taken from blood samples. RESULTS: The exercise group showed significantly reduced TC and TC/HDL-C risk ratio after training compared with baseline levels (p < 0.001, p = 0.004). However, no significant reduction was found for the control group (p = 0.09, p = 0.09). Physical fitness also significantly improved after exercise intervention compared with the control group (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Exercise intervention was associated with positive changes in important vascular risk factors related to cognitive decline and vascular disease in older adults with MCI.

DOI： 10.1159/000343486,

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

AIM: The current study sought to determine which types of cognitive function are related to atrophy of the bilateral medial temporal areas including the entorhinal cortex (MTA-ERC) in elderly adults. METHODS: The subjects were 96 elderly adults (mean age 75.3 years) with mild cognitive impairment. Subjects underwent Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised, logical memory I and II (WMS-R, LM I and II), Rey complex figure retention tests after 3 and 30 min (RCF-3 min and RCF-30 min), digit span backword (DSB), digit symbol-coding (DSC), Stroop Color and Word Test-Interference List (SCWT-IL) as well as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and were divided into elderly adults without or with mild to moderate MTA-ERC atrophy, and those with severe atrophy. RESULTS: In all subjects, MTA-ERC atrophy showed significant relationships with age (r = 0.43), education (r = -0.25), WMS-R, LM I (r = -0.21), DSC (r = -0.32), and SCWT-IL (r = 0.32). The mild to moderate atrophy group showed significant relationships between MTA-ERC atrophy and age (r = 0.34), DSC (r = -0.28), and SCWT-IL (r = 0.25). In contrast, in the severe atrophy group, MTA-ERC atrophy was correlated significantly with RCF-3 min (r = -0.70) and RCF-30 min (r = -0.74). The linear regression model included demographic variables and cognitive tests; two variables to survive the step-wise analysis were age (beta = 0.374) and SCWT-IL (beta = 0.247) in all subjects. Age (beta = 0.301), and RCF-30 min (beta = -0.521) and age (beta = 0.460) remained as a significant variable in the mild to moderate atrophy and severe atrophy groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: Executive function tests such as SCWT-IL may be useful as a screening tool to identify mild to moderate MTA-ERC atrophy and a decline in the RCF test may suggest severe MTA-ERC atrophy in elderly adults with MCI.

DOI： 10.1159/000334845

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: In spite of a number of reports about various factors associated with the fear of falling (FoF) among older adults (such as age and physical function), the relationship between FoF and cognitive decline remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: To determine which cognitive function is related with the prevalence of FoF in older adults. METHODS: Participants were 101 older adults (mean age 75.1 years; 48.5% males). Of these, 54 older adults (53.4%) were classified as the fear group on the basis of the presence of FoF. Age, gender, the Timed Up and Go test (TUG), fall history, the Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale, the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised-Logical Memory I (WMS-LM I), the delayed memory test, digit symbol coding, digit span and verbal fluency were measured as potential relevant factors. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis revealed that TUG [odds ratio (OR) 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-1.83; p = 0.004], WMS-LM I (OR 1.20, 95% CI 1.07-1.35; p = 0.002) and fall history (OR 4.38, 95% CI 1.53-12.51; p = 0.006) were independently associated with FoF. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that a lower prevalence of self-reported FoF is associated with memory decline among older adults. Insensitivity to FoF may be one of the characteristics of psychological change with memory decline.

DOI： 10.1159/000336988

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

AIM: The purpose of this study was to determine the predictors of interruption to living at home as a result of death, hospitalization, or admission to a long-term care facility in frail elderly people enrolled in a home visit rehabilitation service. METHODS: A total of 311 patients entered a home visit rehabilitation service within a study period of 1 September, 2005 to 31 March, 2010, 146 of whom met the criteria to be enrolled in this study and gave consent. Of these, 73 received a continuous home visit rehabilitation service (continuous group) of over 2 years and 73 experienced interruption to this service due to death, hospitalization, or admission to a long-term care facility (interruption group). The following physical, social, and medical factors were recorded and analyzed: age, sex, care level, disease diagnoses, gait disability, cognitive impairment, living with another person and cause of the interruption to the home-visit rehabilitation service. We compared each item between the interruption and continuous groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify the significant predictors of interruptions to living at home. RESULTS: Patients in the interruption group demonstrated significantly lower functioning in activities of daily living (ADL), gait ability and lower cognitive status, and higher rates of respiratory diseases and cancer compared with the continuous group. On logistic regression analysis, ADL score (odds ratio [OR]=0.97, p<0.01), and the presence of respiratory diseases (OR=4.35, p=0.04) and cancer (OR=13.46, p<0.01) were significantly associated with interruptions to living at home. CONCLUSIONS: Lower ADL functioning, respiratory diseases and cancer were significant predictors of interruption to living at home in frail elderly adults.

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

AIM: The purpose of this study was to examine factors related to fear of falling (FOF) in elderly adults who showed no reduced performance regarding independent instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). METHODS: A total of 119 elderly adults participated in the study (mean age, 75.7+/-7.2 years, women, n=60). We investigated the prevalence of FOF, anamnesis, medications, body pain, and history of falls, the Geriatric Depression Scale, International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Life-Space Assessment (LSA). The Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and one-legged standing time were measured to evaluate physical performance. Participants were divided into elderly adults with FOF (FOF group) and those without FOF (non-FOF group). The unpaired t-test or chi-square test was used for group comparisons. Multiple logistic regression analysis was then performed to examine the factors associated with FOF. RESULTS: The prevalence of FOF was 51.3% overall. The FOF group had a higher prevalence of anamnesis, body pain, and history of falls than the non-FOF group. The FOF group had lower LSA scores, longer durations on the TUG, and shorter durations on the one-legged standing test than the non-FOF group. On multiple logistic regression analysis, LSA (total score, 120 points) was significantly associated with FOF (odds ratio: 0.96, 95% confidence interval=0.93-0.99). CONCLUSION: Fear of falling was significantly associated with life space in community-dwelling elderly adults who showed no reduced performance regarding IADL. In future, it will be necessary to clarify any possible causal relationship by longitudinal investigations.

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether declining performance in aspects of physical functioning, including lower extremity muscle strength, 1-legged balance, walking speed, and exercise capacity, is associated with atrophy of medial temporal areas in community-dwelling older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: General community in Japan. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling older adults 65 years and older with a Clinical Dementia Rating of 0.5 or memory complaints were enrolled in this study. This study examined 34 participants with amnestic MCI (aMCI) and 58 nonamnestic MCI (non-aMCI) participants. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The following physical performance tests were conducted: muscle strength of knee extension, 1-legged standing time, 5-m walking test, and 6-minute walk test (6MWT). The z scores of the voxel-based specific regional analysis system for Alzheimer's disease were determined to assess the degree of atrophy in the bilateral medial temporal areas including the entorhinal cortex (MTA-ERC). RESULTS: In the aMCI group, 6MWT performance was associated with MTA-ERC atrophy (beta=-.462, P=.014) after controlling for age. In the stepwise multiple regression analyses, 6MWT and body mass index were found to be significant determinants of MTA-ERC atrophy in all participants (R(2)=.275), as well as the aMCI and non-aMCI groups when analyzed separately (R(2)=.418 and R(2)=.216, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: A decline in exercise capacity was found to be more closely associated with atrophy of the MTA-ERC compared with other aspects of physical functioning in older adults with MCI, especially the amnestic type. These findings suggest that it is important for future studies to investigate the effects of increased aerobic activity and improved fitness on brain volume in older adults at risk of developing dementia.

DOI： 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.07.195

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

The purpose of this study was to determine the interrelationships between lower limb muscle performance, balance, gait and falls in older people using structural equation modeling. Study participants were two hundred and thirteen people aged 65 years and older (mean age, 80.0 +/- 7.1 years), who used day-care services in Japan. The outcome measures were the history of falls three months retrospectively and physical risk factors for falling, including performance in the chair stand test (CST), one-leg standing test (OLS), tandem walk test, 6m walking time, and the timed up-and-go (TUG) test. Thirty-nine (18.3%) of the 213 participants had fallen at least one or more times during the preceding 3 months. The fall group had significantly slower 6m walking speed and took significantly longer to undertake the TUG test than the non-fall group. In a structural equation model, performance in the CST contributed significantly to gait function, and low gait function was significantly and directly associated with falls in older people. This suggests that task-specific strength exercise as well as general mobility retraining should be important components of exercise programs designed to reduce falls in older people.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archger.2010.11.003

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Many older people fall when they perform tasks which require increased attention. The aim of this study was to determine differences in reaction times, during simple-, dual- and triple-task conditions requiring differing levels of motor coordination, balance control and cognitive attention, between groups of fallers and non-fallers in community-dwelling older individuals. METHODS: The study involved the recruitment of 87 older individuals living at home, 57 women and 30 men aged 75 to 91 years. Reaction times, measured by pushing a handheld button as quickly as possible in response to a visual stimulus, were measured in four conditions: 1) quiet standing (simple-task); 2) counting backward during quiet standing (dual-task with cognitive demand); 3) stepping in place (dual-task with balance demand); and 4) counting backward while stepping in place (triple-task with cognitive and balance demands). RESULTS: Twenty-nine (33.3%) participants had fallen at least once during the past year. There were no statistically significant differences in reaction times between non-fallers and fallers during any of the tasks. Reaction times were significantly longer during the dual- and triple-tasks compared with the simple-task conditions in both groups. The ratio between reaction times during dual-tasks with balance demands (stepping in place) and those in the simple-task condition were significantly related to a history of falls and showed the highest odds ratio (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.06- 9.45, p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Relative changes in reaction times during a dual-task with balance demands were related to a history of falls in community-dwelling older individuals. Reaction times in dual-task conditions with a balance demand were more sensitive to past falls than those during a dual-task with cognitive demands.

DOI： 10.3275/6763

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

AIM: To investigate the incidence of falls and fall-related fractures in disabled elderly people utilizing long-term care insurance, and influence of gender, age, disabled level is examined. METHODS: Subjects were 8,335 elderly people (mean age, 82.2+/-7.4 years). Falls and fractures were investigated retrospectively for the one year study period either via a self-report questionnaire, or via care workers and/or family members when the subjects had cognitive impairments. The care workers gave are a free description about for the fall that had occurred when using the facilities. RESULTS: Men showed significantly higher rate of falls (26.8%) than women (24.6%). In women, there was a significant difference in fall rates between the severely disabled group (26.4%) and the moderately disabled group (23.5%). Women showed a significantly higher rate of fractures (12.2%) than that of men (4.5%). In relationship between fall-related fractures and potential correlates, there was a significant relation between women and the fall-related fractures [OR 2.5, 95%CI 1.7-3.6]. The severely disabled group showed a significantly higher rate of falls in the toilet, on the other hand, the moderately disabled group showed significantly higher rate of falls during exercise and recreation or standing. CONCLUSION: The rate of falls in women was lower than men in this study population. The result may be affected by the lower proportion of women in the moderately disabled group compared with men. Only gender was significantly associated with the incidence of fall-related fractures in disabled elderly people.

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

BACKGROUND: It is argued that a multidimensional approach is necessary for burden assessment. Reducing caregiver burden is a social problem in the ageing Japan society. We examined the combined effect of factors affecting the care burden among community-dwelling handicapped people and their caregivers. METHODS: The participants were 49 handicapped people (aged 53-104 years) who received home-visit rehabilitation, and their 49 caregivers (age 42-85 years). Caregivers were provided questionnaires consisting of questions on social support, subjective well-being, self-efficacy with regard to care continuation, the Motor Fitness Scale and caregiver burden. Care recipients were assessed using the Bedside Mobility Scale and the Barthel Index. RESULTS: We prepared the hypothesis model using structural equation modeling with the bootstrap method within outcome measures. The hypothesis model did not fit the data well. The impact of the Motor Fitness Scale was shifted from the caregiver burden to care self-efficacy and well-being, having a cooperator for care and variable of spouse caregiver or others associated with caregiver well-being in the revised model. The fit of the revised model was acceptable (goodness of fit index, 0.903; comparative fit index, 0.998; root mean square error of approximation, 0.017). In the revised model, the care recipients' disabled state was associated with caregiver burden. In addition, higher burden and poor motor fitness of caregivers might lead to lower care self-efficacy in providing continuous care and lower caregiver well-being. CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that the program to reduce caregiver burden should focus on aspects of the care recipients' disabled state, the caregivers' well-being, fitness, and care self-efficacy.

DOI： 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2009.00523.x

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

AIM: This study examined the factors associated with burdens on the primary caregivers of community-dwelling disabled people. METHODS: Participants were 78 disabled people (40 men, 38 women; mean age 77.8+/-11.5 years) who received home-based physical therapy and/or occupational therapy, and their 78 caregivers (20 men, 58 women; mean age 66.8+/-10.2 years). The caregiver burden was assessed using the short version of the Japanese version of the Zarit Caregiver Burden Interview (J-ZBI_8). In addition, the primary caregivers completed questionnaires about burdens arising from supporting the activities of daily living (ADL) using a visual analogue scale, available social support, subjective well-being, and the Motor Fitness Scale. The performance of the disabled subjects was assessed using the Bedside Mobility Scale and the Barthel Index. The disabled subjects and the caregivers were divided into higher burden (J-ZBI_8 score, 10 points and over) and lower burden groups (J-ZBI_8 score, 9 points and under) to compare the group differences in the measurements. RESULTS: The disabled participants in the lower burden group (n=41) showed significantly higher Bedside Mobility Scale scores and Barthel Index scores than those in the higher burden group (n=37). The primary caregivers in the higher burden group showed significantly higher burden due to supporting the ADL, lower subjective well-being, and lower social support as compared to those in the lower-burden group. CONCLUSION: The burden levels of the primary caregivers relating to the mobility and ADL of their recipients were assessed. The caregivers with higher burden showed less social support and low subjective well-being.

PubMed

出版者・発行元：(一社)理学療法科学学会  

[目的]新型コロナウイルス感染症(COVID-19)の感染拡大予防対策に伴う外出自粛時期前後での運動教室に参加していた地域在住高齢者における身体活動量の変化を調べた。[対象と方法]対象は地域在住高齢者15名、2019年9月(緊急事態宣言前)と2020年4月(緊急事態宣言中)における身体活動量と生活空間(LSA)の変化を比較した。身体活動量は3軸加速度計を用いて計測した。[結果]緊急事態宣言前に比べて緊急事態宣言中は2割の者で町外への外出(生活空間レベル5)をしておらず、LSAスコアが低下傾向であったが、有意な変化ではなかった。身体活動量も有意な変化はなかった。[結語]2020年4月中旬時点において運動教室に参加していた高齢者は、生活範囲の顕著な変化および身体活動量の低下は認められなかった。(著者抄録)

DOI： 10.3390/jcm9051386

PubMed

出版者・発行元：(公社)日本理学療法士協会  

【目的】地域在住高齢者の有する腰痛と膝痛が、急性もしくは慢性疼痛であるかの違いによって身体機能に及ぼす影響を明らかにする。【方法】地域コホート研究(垂水研究2018)に参加した65歳以上の高齢者735名を対象とした。質問紙により急性・慢性疼痛の有無を聴取し、歩行速度および握力との関連を分析した。【結果】ロジスティック回帰分析の結果、慢性疼痛の有無は歩行速度低下と有意に関連していたが(調整後オッズ比2.55、p=0.001)、急性疼痛との関連はなかった(調整後オッズ比1.19、p=0.632)(年齢、性別、GDS-15、内服薬数、ASMI、握力を共変量)。急性・慢性疼痛の有無と握力低下との関連はなかった(急性疼痛有無:調整後オッズ比1.22、p=0.477。慢性疼痛有無:調整後オッズ比0.85、p=0.530)。【結論】地域在住高齢者において、慢性疼痛を有することと歩行速度低下との関連が示唆された。(著者抄録)

出版者・発行元：(一社)理学療法科学学会  

[目的]自己の歩行に対する主観的な評価である日本語版modified Gait Efficacy Scale(日本語版mGES)と客観的な運動機能評価との関連性が転倒経験の有無により異なるかを検討すること。[対象と方法]対象は65歳以上の地域在住高齢者で転倒経験により転倒群13名と非転倒群50名に分けた。日本語版mGES、重心動揺、Timed up and go(TUG)の測定を行った。[結果]転倒経験の有無にかかわらず、日本語版mGESと重心動揺との関連は認められなかった。日本語版mGESとTUGでは、非転倒群のみで有意な相関関係を認め、転倒群では有意な関連を認めなかった。[結語]歩行の主観的評価と客観的評価の関連性は転倒経験の有無によって異なることが示唆された。(著者抄録)

出版者・発行元：日本理学療法士学会  

<p>【目的】地域在住高齢者の有する腰痛と膝痛が，急性もしくは慢性疼痛であるかの違いによって身体機能に及ぼす影響を明らかにする。【方法】地域コホート研究（垂水研究2018）に参加した65 歳以上の高齢者735 名を対象とした。質問紙により急性・慢性疼痛の有無を聴取し，歩行速度および握力との関連を分析した。【結果】ロジスティック回帰分析の結果，慢性疼痛の有無は歩行速度低下と有意に関連していたが（調整後オッズ比2.55，p = 0.001），急性疼痛との関連はなかった（調整後オッズ比1.19，p = 0.632）（年齢，性別，GDS-15，内服薬数，ASMI，握力を共変量）。急性・慢性疼痛の有無と握力低下との関連はなかった（急性疼痛有無：調整後オッズ比1.22，p = 0.477．慢性疼痛有無：調整後オッズ比0.85，p = 0.530）。【結論】地域在住高齢者において，慢性疼痛を有することと歩行速度低下との関連が示唆された。</p>

DOI： 10.15063/rigaku.11722

出版者・発行元：理学療法科学学会  

<p>〔目的〕自己の歩行に対する主観的な評価である日本語版modified Gait Efficacy Scale（日本語版mGES）と客観的な運動機能評価との関連性が転倒経験の有無により異なるかを検討すること．〔対象と方法〕対象は65歳以上の地域在住高齢者で転倒経験により転倒群13名と非転倒群50名に分けた．日本語版mGES，重心動揺，Timed up and go（TUG）の測定を行った．〔結果〕転倒経験の有無にかかわらず，日本語版mGESと重心動揺との関連は認められなかった．日本語版mGESとTUGでは，非転倒群のみで有意な相関関係を認め，転倒群では有意な関連を認めなかった．〔結語〕歩行の主観的評価と客観的評価の関連性は転倒経験の有無によって異なることが示唆された．</p>

DOI： 10.1589/rika.35.263

Scopus

出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.47S1.I-28_1

出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.47S1.I-41_2

出版者・発行元：社団法人 日本理学療法士協会関東甲信越ブロック協議会  

<p>　「健康は第一の富である」（詩人・思想家、ラルフ・ワルド・エマーソン）と言われことがあるように、何事を行うにも健康であることが基本であり、我々にとって健康とは何事にも替えがたい優先順位の極めて高い状態と言えるかもしれません。</p><p>　2016年（平成28年）国民生活基礎調査によると、介護・支援が必要となった主な原因で最も多いのは認知症（18.0％）となっています。2000年に介護保険が始まって以来、介護の原因として最も多かった脳血管疾患（脳卒中）を認知症が上回る状況です。また、要支援者に限ってみてみると、高齢による衰 弱（16.6％：第２位）、骨折・転倒（15.2％：第３位）といった疾病とは分類しがたい原因が上位を占めています。そのため、記憶や注意力といった認知機能、筋力や歩行能力といった身体機能を良好な状態に維持することは、介護予防の観点から急務の課題となっています。</p><p>　『認知症』は予防できるのでしょうか･･･。現在のところ、認知症の予防または認知症の発症を遅らせることができる確な方法は明らかとなっていません。しかし、徐々に認知機能が衰えていく状況をくいとめて、認知機能を向上させ、脳機能を良好に維持して鍛えていくことで、認知症の発症を遅らせることができるのではないかと期待されています。</p><p>　その効果的は方法のひとつが、身体活動を促進することであるとされています。運動は比較的に低コストで実施が可能であり、認知症予防の取組の中核的な役割を果たす可能性が示唆されています。しかし、運動によって脳賦活を促進することを目指すうえでは、単純な運動課題では脳活動の活性化を促すことは難しいと言わざるを得ません。そのため、認知機能の改善・維持に対して効果的な介入方法を実践するためには、筋力トレーニングおよび柔軟運動、有酸素運動、脳賦活を促進する運動、健康行動技法などを効率的に組み合わせることが必要であり、とりわけ認知課題を負荷しながら（二重課題、多重課題）の有酸素運動などによって、より効率的に脳の活性化を図ることが期待されています。</p><p>　本講演では、日常のなかでもできる認知症および要介護の予防のための実践方法を交えながら、基本的な考え方を紹介します。認知症の予防、介護予防のための基本的な考え方と日常のなかで実践できる予防方法を習得し、明日からの生活に活かしてみませんか。</p>

DOI： 10.14901/ptkanbloc.38.0_0020

出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

<p>　高齢期の日常生活における「活動（activity）」を促進することは，健康寿命の延伸を目指すうえでの重要な課題のひとつと考える。ここでは，日常におけるさまざまな活動を「身体的活動（physical activity）」，「知的活動（cognitive activity）」，「社会的活動（social activity）」の大きく3つに分類して，高齢期におけるこれらの活動が健康関連指標へ及ぼす影響から，その意義と活動を促進するための取組について紹介する。</p><p>　身体的活動は，心疾患やがん，認知症などの発症リスクを軽減させることに寄与することが，数多くの先行研究によって報告されており，健康長寿のために身体的活動を促進することへ疑う余地はないであろう。しかしながら，身体的活動を増加させるほどに望ましいかについては慎重になるべきであろう。Leeら（2019）が高齢女性16,741名を対象に1日の歩数と死亡発生との関連を縦断的に調べたところ，約7,500歩に達するまでは1日歩数の増加は死亡リスク低減と関連したが，1日10,000歩に達することの付加的な利得は認められなかった。</p><p>　知的活動には，読書やパソコンの利用，ゲームなどが含まれ，これらの活動は認知症や軽度認知障害（mild cognitive impairment: MCI）の発症に対しての保護的な役割が報告されている。日常的なこれらの知的活動の促進は，認知機能の低下を抑制するうえで重要であろう。</p><p>　社会的活動においては，より複雑で高度な能力が求められることが多く，社会的活動は認知症の発症のほか，うつの発生の抑制にも有効であることが報告されている。</p><p>　これらの活動を日常生活において促進するためには，きっかけづくりと継続のためのモチベーションの維持が重要であり，いかに日常でのこれらの活動を多面的に促進していくかが健康長寿の鍵になると考えられる。</p>

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.47S1.I-5

出版者・発行元：(公社)日本理学療法士協会  

出版者・発行元：日本公衆衛生学会  

目的 食と運動の介護予防プログラムTAKE10!を用いて、郵便を利用した通信型の介入を行い、集客型の介護予防教室で認められたような食習慣の変化が認められるかどうかを検証し、集客型の教室が開催できない地域や時期における本プログラムの活用について考察する。方法 北海道の積雪寒冷過疎地域3町村に在住の70歳以上の高齢者143人(平均年齢77.6±5.0歳、男性45人、女性98人)を郵便による通信型介入を5ヵ月間行う介入群(72人)と行わない対照群(71人)に無作為に割付け、このうち、介入前後の調査会に出席し、質問紙を提出した介入群48人、対照群37人を解析対象者とし、介入前後の質問紙による調査(10の食品群の摂取頻度、Dietary Variety Score(DVS)、Food Frequency Score(FFS))から食習慣を比較した。また、介入群を調理従事群と非従事群に分け、両群のDVS、FFSの変化を解析した。結果 介入群は介入前と比較して介入後に、9食品群の摂取頻度、DVS、FFSが有意に増加したが、対照群には有意な変化が認められず、2群間における交互作用が認められた。また、調理従事群、非従事群の両群においてDVS、FFSは介入前後で有意に増加した。結論 TAKE10!プログラムは、通信型の介入が受け入れ可能な対象者において、集客型と同様な食習慣の変化ならびに、同一世帯内での共有を期待できると考えられ、集客型の教室が開催できない地域や時期においての活用は有効であると思われる。(著者抄録)

出版者・発行元：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

地域のエクササイズ教室に参加した地域在住高齢者248名(平均79.1±6.0歳、女性83.1%)を対象に、慢性痛と社会的フレイルとの関連を横断的に検討した。慢性痛の定義は、過去1ヵ月以内に6ヵ月以上持続する疼痛関連症状があることとした。社会的フレイルの定義は、五つの質問(外出頻度が少ない、友人を訪ねることがほとんどない、友人や家族の役にたたないと感じる、独居、他人との会話が毎日ない)のうち二つに該当する場合とした。身体機能は、椅子立ち上がりテストとTimed Up and Goテストを用いて評価した。55名(22.2%)が社会的フレイル基準に合致した。慢性痛の有病率は、社会的フレイル例50.9%、非社会的フレイル例29.0%であった(p=0.002)。年齢、性別、身体機能を調整後、慢性痛は社会的フレイルと有意に相関した(OR 2.13,95%CI 1.01〜4.48)。慢性痛は、外出頻度が少ないこと、友人を訪ねることがほとんどないこと、友人や家族の役にたたないと感じることとも有意に相関した。

出版者・発行元：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

地域在住高齢者4427名(女性51.4%、平均71.9歳)を対象に、睡眠時間および日中の過度な眠気(EDS)は社会的フレイルと関連するかを調べた。社会的フレイルは、「去年に比べて外出頻度が減少した」「友人の家を訪ねていない」「友人や家族の役に立っていない」「独居」「毎日だれかと会話していない」の五つの質問で評価し、このうち2項目以上該当した参加者を社会的フレイルと判定した。睡眠時間とEDSは自記式質問票により評価した。全参加者のうち、社会的フレイルの有症率は睡眠時間9時間以上群で18.3%、6時間未満群で9.9%、6.1〜8.9時間群で9.7%であった。EDSを呈する高齢者の社会的フレイル有症率は17.1%であった。複数の共変量で補正後、長い睡眠時間とEDSを呈することは社会的フレイルの高い有症率と関連することが示された。

出版者・発行元：(公財)明治安田厚生事業団  

抑うつ高齢者の身体活動量、BDNFおよび脳容量の変化に慢性疼痛が与える影響について検討した。高齢者機能健診に参加した65歳以上の地域在住高齢者59名(男性31名、女性28名、平均73.3±6.0歳)を対象とした。慢性疼痛なし群は36名、慢性疼痛あり群は23名であった。慢性疼痛あり群における各アウトカムの変化量同士の相関分析の結果、ΔGDS(老年期うつ病評価尺度)得点とΔMTL(内側側頭部)萎縮領域の割合との間に有意な正の相関関係が、Δ全脳萎縮領域の割合とΔ歩数との間に有意な負の相関関係が、Δ歩数とΔMVPA(中強度以上の身体活動)との間に有意な正の相関関係が認められた。一方、慢性疼痛なし群における各アウトカムの変化量同士の相関分析の結果では、慢性疼痛あり群と同様にΔ歩数とΔMVPAとの間に有意な正の相関関係が認められたものの、その他の有意な相関関係は認められなかった。

出版者・発行元：(株)ワールドプランニング  

本研究は、独居高齢者に焦点をあてて、心の理論と社会参加の関連について検討した。鹿児島県垂水市における垂水研究2017に参加した地域在住高齢者のうち独居者102人を対象とした。調査項目は、心の理論、年齢、性別、認知機能、抑うつ状態、社会参加、外出頻度、毎日の他者との会話の有無とした。心の理論の一次的信念課題はサリーとアン課題とし、同課題に「アンが宝物を移す様子を窓からサリーが見ている」という内容を加え「アンは、戻ってきたサリーがどこを探すと思うか」と質問し、二次的信念課題とした。一次的・二次的信念課題それぞれで、正解と不正解の2群に分けて単変量解析を行い、有意差を認めた項目を独立変数、正解・不正解を従属変数としたロジスティック回帰分析を行った。その結果、二次的信念課題において、社会参加が関連因子として抽出された。独居高齢者において、心の理論を保つために社会参加を支援することの重要性が示唆された。(著者抄録)

出版者・発行元：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

地域在住高齢者の社会的フレイル状態と筋量喪失および筋力低下の関連を調べるため、横断研究を実施した。2017年に垂水市で実施された地域健診に参加した高齢者353名(女性264名、平均75.4±6.5歳)のデータを用いた。社会的フレイルは、外出頻度の低さ、友人訪問がめったにないこと、友人・家族に対する無力感、独居、毎日の会話がないことのうち2つ以上を満たす場合とした。生体電気インピーダンス法を用いて四肢の骨格筋量を評価し、四肢の骨格筋量指数を算出した。さらに、利き手の握力を測定した。社会的フレイルの発生は14.7%に認められた。社会的フレイルの参加者は、社会的フレイルのない参加者と比較して筋力低下および骨格筋量喪失の割合が高いことが示された。共変量の影響を補正後、社会的フレイルは筋力低下と独立して関連したが、骨格筋量との独立した関連は認められなかった。

出版者・発行元：日本公衆衛生学会  

<p><b>目的</b>　食と運動の介護予防プログラムTAKE10!^®を用いて，郵便を利用した通信型の介入を行い，集客型の介護予防教室で認められたような食習慣の変化が認められるかどうかを検証し，集客型の教室が開催できない地域や時期における本プログラムの活用について考察する。</p><p><b>方法</b>　北海道の積雪寒冷過疎地域3町村に在住の70歳以上の高齢者143人（平均年齢77.6±5.0歳，男性45人，女性98人）を郵便による通信型介入を5か月間行う介入群（72人）と行わない対照群（71人）に無作為に割付け，このうち，介入前後の調査会に出席し，質問紙を提出した介入群48人，対照群37人を解析対象者とし，介入前後の質問紙による調査（10の食品群の摂取頻度，Dietary Variety Score (DVS), Food Frequency Score (FFS））から食習慣を比較した。また，介入群を調理従事群と非従事群に分け，両群のDVS，FFSの変化を解析した。</p><p><b>結果</b>　介入群は介入前と比較して介入後に，9食品群の摂取頻度，DVS，FFSが有意に増加したが，対照群には有意な変化が認められず，2群間における交互作用が認められた。また，調理従事群，非従事群の両群においてDVS，FFSは介入前後で有意に増加した。</p><p><b>結論</b>　TAKE10!^®プログラムは，通信型の介入が受け入れ可能な対象者において，集客型と同様な食習慣の変化ならびに，同一世帯内での共有を期待できると考えられ，集客型の教室が開催できない地域や時期においての活用は有効であると思われる。</p>

DOI： 10.11236/jph.66.11_681

PubMed

出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

<p>【はじめに・目的】</p><p>サルコペニアは加齢に伴う筋量や筋力の低下を特徴とする症候群であり，その改善や予防の対策は理学療法の重要な対象となる。近年，高齢者の認知・精神機能がサルコペニアに影響することが注目されているが，軽度認知機能低下（MCI）と抑うつ傾向について高齢者のサルコペニアとの関連性は未だ明らかではない。本研究は，横断的な調査を行い，MCIおよび抑うつ傾向とサルコペニアとの関連性を検討することを目的とした。</p><p> </p><p>【方法】</p><p>垂水研究2017に参加した地域在住高齢者380名のうち，認知症やうつ病の既往歴がある者，測定項目に欠損がある者を除く65歳以上の350 名（女性263名)を分析対象とした。Body mass index（BMI)，四肢骨格筋量 (生体電気インピーダンス法)，握力，通常歩行速度，National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology functional assessment tool（NCGG-FAT)，Geriatric depression scale 15 （GDS-15)により，身体・精神・認知機能を評価し，病歴や教育年数などの基本属性を聴取した。また，骨格筋量はAppendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Index (ASMI) (kg/m²) を算出し，Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia のアルゴリズムに従い，ASMI，歩行速度，握力の参照値からサルコペニアを定義した。NCGG-FATで年齢と教育歴を考慮した標準値より1.5SD以上の低下を認めた者をMCIとし，GDS-15が6点以上の者を抑うつ傾向とした。統計解析は，サルコペニア該当者と非該当者の2群に分け，カイ二乗検定およびロジスティック回帰分析を行い，MCIおよび抑うつ傾向とサルコペニアとの関係を調べた。有意水準は5% 未満とした。</p><p> </p><p>【結果】</p><p>サルコペニア該当者77名（22%），非該当者273名（78%）であった。サルコペニアの有無を従属変数として，年齢，教育年数，BMI，MCI，抑うつ傾向を独立変数としたロジスティック回帰分析（強制投入法）の結果，MCI（OR 2.72，95%CI 1.48-4.99，p=0.001）と抑うつ傾向（OR 2.54，95%CI 1.19-5.43，p=0.016）のいずれともに，サルコペニアと有意に関連していた。</p><p> </p><p>【結論】</p><p>本研究による横断的な分析の結果，MCIと抑うつ傾向はいずれともサルコペニアと関連があることが示唆された。この結果は，サルコペニアの予防戦略を検討する上で，認知機能や抑うつの評価を行う重要性を示していると考える。今後は，これらの関連性が将来的なサルコペニアの発生，要介護状態にどのように影響するのか縦断的に調査する必要がある。</p><p> </p><p>【倫理的配慮，説明と同意】</p><p>本研究は，鹿児島大学大学院医歯学総合研究科疫学研究等倫理委員会の承認を得て実施した。発表に関連し，開示すべき利益相反関係にある企業などはない。また，対象者には書面と口頭にて研究の目的・趣旨を十分に説明し，研究に対する参加の同意を得た。</p>

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.46S1.G-96_2

出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

<p>【はじめに・目的】</p><p>高齢者の閉じこもり予防は、運動器の機能向上や認知機能低下予防とともに介護予防事業で取り組むべき課題の一つとして重要視されている。現状では、すでに閉じこもり状態にある高齢者の特徴を報告する研究が多い一方で、縦断研究は少なく、閉じこもり発生を予測する因子については不明な点が多い。特にサルコペニアは、閉じこもり発生の強力な危険因子となることが予想されるが、両者の関連性は明らかでない。本研究の目的は、高齢者のサルコペニアと閉じこもり発生の関連性を明らかにすることであり、危険因子の解明によって閉じこもり予防のための理学療法介入の開発に寄与することが期待される。</p><p>【方法】</p><p>愛知県における高齢者機能健診に参加した5,104名のうち、要介護認定者、ベースラインで閉じこもり状態であった者を除いて、約15か月後の追跡調査に回答の得られた3,958名（男性1,980名、平均年齢71.8歳）を最終的な分析対象とした。閉じこもり状態の判定は、国内で広く使用される定義に倣い、「週に1回以上は外出していますか。」の質問に、いいえと回答した場合とした。サルコペニアはAsian Working Group for Sarcopeniaのアルゴリズムを用い、生体インピーダンス法(TANITA , MC-980A)による筋量と身体機能（握力または歩行速度）の両方の低下を有するものとした。基本属性（年齢，性，教育歴）に加えて、閉じこもり状態との関連が予想される因子として、【身体的要因：①身体活動、②転倒経験、③下肢痛】、【精神的要因：①抑うつ症状(Geriatric Depression Scale)、②認知機能(Mini–Mental State Examination)、③転倒恐怖感】、【社会的要因：①家族構成、②社会的役割、③友人との交流】の9項目を評価した。閉じこもりの発生の有無を従属変数、サルコペニアとその他の測定項目を独立因子とした多重ロジスティック回帰分析を全対象者、および年齢層別(前期高齢者／後期高齢者)に行った。</p><p>【結果】</p><p>83名(2.1%)で閉じこもり状態が新規発生した。多重ロジスティック回帰分析の結果、有意となったのは、年齢(OR[95%CI]=1.06 [1.02–1.10])、サルコペニア(1.98 [1.04–3.77])、友人との交流の減少(1.82 [1.03–3.23])であった。年齢層別分析の結果、前期高齢者では、社会的役割の減少(2.50 [1.06–5.91])が、後期高齢者ではサルコペニア(2.80 [1.06–5.91])と身体活動低下(2.85 [1.28–6.37])が新規の閉じこもり発生と関連していた。</p><p>【結論】</p><p>サルコペニアは、身体活動低下とともに後期高齢者の閉じこもりの独立した危険因子であった。一方で前期高齢者では社会的役割の減少と閉じこもり発生に有意な関連がみられた。閉じこもり予防のための理学療法介入を検討する上で、年齢層によってフォーカスすべき危険因子が異なることが示唆された。</p><p>【倫理的配慮，説明と同意】</p><p>本研究はヘルシンキ宣言に則り、対象者に研究の目的や検査内容、個人情報の保護について口頭と書面にて十分に説明した上で同意を得た。国立長寿医療研究センターの倫理・利益相反委員会の承認を受けて実施した。</p>

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.46S1.G-90_1

出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

<p>【はじめに・目的】</p><p>2013年の国民生活基礎調査（厚生労働省）による要介護原因をみると，転倒・骨折は12.2％を占め，特に女性では15.4％と認知症に次いで第2位となっている．転倒・骨折には骨粗鬆症やサルコペニアが大きく関与することが推察され，特に骨粗鬆症を有する高齢女性では転倒による骨折リスクが大きい．2005年における我が国の骨粗鬆症患者数は1280万人とされており，サルコペニア有病率は7.5％～8.2％と推測され，これらの有病率は高齢者の増加に伴い今後も増えていくことが予想される．骨粗鬆症とサルコペニア対策は，我が国において喫緊の課題となっており，骨粗鬆症とサルコペニアの関連性を調べた研究はみられるものの，骨粗鬆症と握力，歩行速度，筋量をそれぞれ検討した研究は限られている．</p><p> そこで今回，地域在住高齢女性における骨粗鬆症と握力，歩行速度，筋量との関係を明らかにすることを目的とした．</p><p>【方法】</p><p>垂水研究2017に参加した地域在住高齢者380名のうち，主要データに欠損の無い高齢女性266名を分析対象とした．研究デザインは横断研究であり，調査項目として年齢，骨粗鬆症の有無などの基本情報を聴取し，握力，歩行速度，四肢骨格筋量（生体電気インピーダンス法）を測定した．握力は18㎏，歩行速度は1.0m/s，補正四肢骨格筋量（ASMI，四肢骨格筋量㎏/身長m²）は5.7kg/m²を基準とし，それぞれの値を下回った場合を握力低下，歩行速度低下，筋量低下と定義した．これらの低下の有無と骨粗鬆症の有無の割合をχ²検定で比較した．また，握力低下，歩行速度低下，筋量低下のそれぞれを従属変数とし，独立変数を骨粗鬆症の有無，共変量に年齢を投入したロジスティック回帰分析を行った．</p><p>【結果】</p><p>骨粗鬆症の有病率は27.3％で，握力低下は28.6％，歩行速度低下は4.9％，筋量低下は50.0％が該当し，骨粗鬆症のある者では有意に筋量低下に該当する者の割合が高かった（p＝0.013）．ロジスティック回帰分析においても，筋量低下は骨粗鬆症と有意に関連しており（OR 2.0，95％CI 1.2-3.5，p＝0.014），年齢で調整したモデルにおいても筋量低下と骨粗鬆症との関連性は有意であった（OR 1.9，95％CI 1.1-3.4，p＝0.028）．</p><p>【結論】</p><p>骨粗鬆症を有する地域在住高齢女性において，筋力や歩行速度の低下は認められないものの，筋量が低下している可能性が示唆された．筋量の低下は，将来的に筋力や運動機能の低下を招き，転倒・骨折へと繋がっていく可能性が高い．骨粗鬆症を有する高齢女性においては，筋力や運動機能の評価だけではなく筋量を測定することにより，将来の運動機能低下や転倒・骨折予防のための介入の必要性を把握することが可能と思われる．今回は，問診のみで骨粗鬆症の有無を分類したため，骨粗鬆症の診断を受けていない対象者のなかにも骨密度が低下している者が含まれる可能性がある．今後は骨密度を測定し身体機能や筋量との関係性を検証する必要がある．</p><p>【倫理的配慮，説明と同意】</p><p>本研究は鹿児島大学大学院医歯学総合研究科疫学研究等倫理委員会の承認を受けて行った．ヘルシンキ宣言に基づき，参加者に文書と口頭にて説明し同意を得た．</p>

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.46S1.G-62_2

出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

<p>【はじめに、目的】</p><p> 高齢期において重要とされるフレイルのなかでも、社会的な側面に着目した社会的フレイルは、身体機能低下や障害発生に影響を与えることが報告されており、予防すべきものの一つであると考えられる。一方で、高齢期の機能維持において重要な睡眠状況との関連性については、十分に検討がなされていないのが現状である。本研究は、地域在住高齢者を対象として睡眠時間および過度の日中の眠気（excessive daytime sleepiness: EDS）と社会的フレイルの関連性を横断的に検討することを目的した。</p><p>【方法】</p><p> 高齢者機能健診National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology - Study of Geriatric Syndromesに参加した65歳以上の地域在住高齢者5,104名のうち、アルツハイマー病、パーキンソン病、うつ病の既往のある者、及びMini-Mental State Examinationが20点未満の者、欠損値がある者を除外した4,482名 (女性2,312名，男性2,170名，平均年齢72.0±5.5歳) を本研究の分析対象とした。睡眠状態の評価として、聴取した就寝時間と起床時間より睡眠時間を算出し、6時間以下、6～9時間、9時間以上の3群に群分けした。また、EDSは「日中、昼寝が必要なくらい眠くなることがありますか？」という質問に対して4件法で聴取し、「ほとんどいつも」と回答した者をEDSありとした。社会的フレイルは、独居である（はい）、去年に比べて外出頻度が減少した（はい）、友達の家を訪ねることがある（いいえ）、友達や家族の役に立っていると思う（いいえ）、毎日誰かと会話している（いいえ）の5項目のうち2項目以上該当した者をフレイルと判定した。睡眠時間およびEDSを独立変数、社会的フレイルを従属変数とした多重ロジスティック回帰分析（年齢、性別、教育歴、服薬数、BMI、うつ症状、歩行速度、MMSE、一日の平均歩行時間、喫煙歴、飲酒歴、慢性疾患で調整）を実施した。有意水準は5%未満とした。</p><p>【結果】睡眠時間が6時間以下の者は462名（10.3%）、9時間以上の者は770名（17.2%）であり、EDSを有する者は636名（14.2%）であった。また、社会的フレイルの有症率は495名（11.0%）であった。ロジスティック回帰分析の結果、睡眠時間が9時間以上（OR=1.46，95%CI: 1.14-1.87）およびEDSを有すること（OR=1.32，95%CI: 1.02-1.71）が有意な関連性を示した。</p><p>【結論】</p><p> 睡眠時間が長いことおよび過度の日中の眠気を有することが社会的フレイルと関連していることが明らかとなった。社会的フレイルを中心としたさらなる機能低下を予防するための理学療法的介入を講じる上で、睡眠状況の把握、改善の重要性を示す一助となると考えられる。今後は因果関係を示すために縦断的な検討が必要である。</p><p>【倫理的配慮，説明と同意】</p><p>本研究は、著者所属機関の倫理・利益相反委員会の承認を受けて実施した。ヘルシンキ宣言の趣旨に沿い、対象者には本研究の主旨および目的を口頭と書面にて説明を行い、書面にて同意を得た上で本研究を実施した。</p>

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.46S1.C-88_2

出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

<p>【はじめに、目的】</p><p>高齢者の歩行は、歩行速度だけでなく時空間指標を用いて多角的に歩行能力を評価する必要があると考えられている。歩行能力低下が認知機能低下や認知症と関連することが、疫学や脳画像データを用いた研究において歩行速度を中心に検討されてきた。しかし、歩行速度を含む歩行の時空間指標において、どの指標が認知症の発症と関連しているのかについては未だ十分な知見が得られていない。そこで、本研究は、時空間指標を用いて歩行能力を評価し、各指標が認知症の発症とどのような関係を有しているかについて、縦断調査により検討することを目的とした。</p><p>【方法】</p><p>本研究は、National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology - Study of Geriatric Syndromesデータベースより、2011年度に実施した調査に参加した者を抽出し、診療情報が得られない者、ベースラインにおいて認知症、パーキンソン病、脳卒中の病歴がある者、歩行測定が完遂出来なかった者を除く、4161名を対象にした。ベースラインにて、シート式下肢加重計（ウォークWay）を用いて歩行計測をした。計測路は2.4ｍ、加速・減速路は各々2mとし、通常歩行条件を5回計測した。歩行速度（m/s）の計測に加え、ストライド長（m）の平均ならびにcoefficient of variation（CV: %）を算出した。共変量として、一般特性、医学情報、服薬数、認知機能、身体活動習慣を聴取した。医療診療情報をもとに、追跡期間中の認知症の発症をアウトカムとした。</p><p>【結果】</p><p>対象者4161名（平均年齢72歳、女性53％）から、追跡期間（中央値44ヶ月）内に打ち切りになった者（死亡：114名、転出：36名）を除き、245名に認知症の発症がみられた。Cox比例ハザードモデルを用いた解析において、共変量無しのモデルでは歩行速度、ストライド長、ストライドCVの各指標において認知症の発症と有意な関連性が認められた（all p < 0.05）。しかし、共変量を投入したモデルでは歩行速度（hazard ratio(HR): 0.39 [95%CI: 0.20-0.74]）、ストライド長（HR: 0.33 [0.15-0.74]）と認知症の発症に有意な関連性が見られ、ストライドCVでは有意な関係性はみられなかった（HR: 1.05 [0.98-1.11]）。</p><p>【結論】</p><p>歩行能力の低下の中でも、歩行速度ならびにストライド長が認知症の発症に対して有意な関連性を有していた。認知症のリスク評価を行う場合には、認知機能評価だけでなく歩行能力についてもあわせて評価し、各個人の機能低下に応じた介入を行う必要があると考えられる。</p><p>【倫理的配慮，説明と同意】</p><p>本研究は、著者所属機関の倫理・利益相反委員会の承認を受け、対象者に対し本研究の主旨および目的を口頭と書面にて説明を行い、同意を得た後に実施した。</p>

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.46S1.C-91_2

出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

<p>　近年，理学療法の領域に限らず，疾病発症や障害発生の予防を目的とした取組の重要性はより一層に高まっており，社会ニーズに対応した研究課題としても重要な位置づけとなっている。とりわけ，予防理学療法領域においては，疾患の領域を問わずに発症予防のほか，重度化予防，さらには再発予防に至るまで，一連で包括的な視野が必要であり，すべてのライフステージが対象となり得るため，予防理学療法領域としての研究対象も幅広い。</p><p>　「予防」を達成するための戦略には，大きくは二つの重要な視点が求められるものと考える。ひとつは，目指すべき予防のターゲットにおける危険因子をいかに低減していくか，である。もうひとつは，保護因子をいかに強めていくかである。そのため，予防理学療法領域で行うべき課題として，予防すべき事象の危険因子と保護因子をどれだけ同定できるかが大切であろう。次には，その危険因子を低減し，保護因子を強化するための効果的な方法を明らかにすることであろう。さらには，そのことによって，まさに「予防」を達成できたかを示すことが最終的な目標となるであろう。これらの課題を達成するためには，研究課題と同時に，どのようなアウトカムを設定するかが非常に重要となる。また，その「予防」が達成されることの意義を明確にすることも重要であり，かつ，その意義が社会に与える影響を考慮することで，予防理学療法に関わる研究の社会還元価値がさらに高まるものと考える。</p><p>　本講演では，これまでに予防理学療法に関わるテーマで報告してきた研究成果の一部を紹介するとともに，これまでの研究活動を通して感じる今後の課題や展望についての意見を提示し，ディスカッションの基となる話題を提供したいと考える。</p>

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.46S1.C-27

出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

<p>【はじめに、目的】高齢者の転倒恐怖感は、歩行能力の低下や活動制限、ADL低下などと関連し、直近の転倒経験がない高齢者にも存在することが明らかにされている。近年、身体的フレイルはその後の転倒発生リスクを増大させることが報告されているが、身体的フレイルが転倒恐怖感に及ぼす影響は十分に明らかにされていない。</p><p> 本研究では、地域高齢者を対象とした4年間の縦断調査のデータから、身体的フレイルが4年後の転倒および転倒恐怖感に及ぼす影響を検討した。</p><p>【方法】高齢者機能健診National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology - Study of Geriatric Syndromesのデータベースのうち、2011年のベースライン調査と2015年の追跡調査の両方に参加した地域高齢者2,470名（平均71.1±4.7歳）を本研究の分析対象とした。なお、ベースライン時点で要支援・要介護認定、認知症、脳卒中、パーキンソン病、うつ病を有する者、Mini-Mental State Examination（MMSE）が20点未満の者は除外した。</p><p> ベースライン特性として、年齢、性別、服薬数、Geriatric Depression Scale、MMSE、身体的フレイルを評価した。なお、身体的フレイルに関しては、体重減少、筋力低下、疲労感、歩行速度低下、身体活動低下のうち1～2項目該当した場合をプレ・フレイル、3項目以上該当した場合をフレイルとした。アウトカムとして、ベースラインおよび4年後における過去1年間の転倒経験と転倒恐怖感を聴取した。</p><p>【結果】2,470名のうち、1,170名（47.4%）が身体的プレ・フレイル、90名（3.6%）が身体的フレイルであった。また、ベースラインにおいて318名（12.9%）が過去1年間に転倒経験があり、1,024名（41.5%）が転倒恐怖感を有していた。</p><p> ベースラインで転倒経験がない2,152名におけるロジスティック回帰分析の結果、4年後に転倒経験を有する確率は、ベースラインでプレ・フレイルもしくはフレイルであった者はそうでない者に対してオッズ比1.57（95%CI 1.20-2.04）であった（転倒恐怖感を含むベースライン特性による調整後, p<0.01）。同様に、ベースラインで転倒恐怖感がない1,446名におけるロジスティック回帰分析の結果、4年後に転倒恐怖感を有する確率は、ベースラインでプレ・フレイルもしくはフレイルであった者はそうでない者に対してオッズ比1.31（95%CI 1.03-1.66）であった（転倒経験を含むベースライン特性による調整後, p<0.05）。</p><p>【結論】地域高齢者において、身体的フレイルはその後の転倒発生に加え、転倒恐怖感にも影響する可能性が示された。高齢者の転倒恐怖感は転倒リスクとなるだけではなく、転倒経験から独立して要介護リスクとなることが先行研究で報告されているが、身体的フレイルの予防は転倒恐怖感の予防にも繋がる可能性があると考えられる。今後、転倒状況や転倒恐怖感についての時系列データを用いたより詳細な検討を行っていく必要がある。</p><p>【倫理的配慮，説明と同意】本研究は、著者所属機関の倫理・利益相反委員会の承認を受けて実施した。ヘルシンキ宣言の趣旨に沿い、対象者には本研究の主旨および目的を口頭と書面にて説明を行い、書面にて同意を得た上で本研究を実施した。</p>

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.46S1.C-55_2

出版者・発行元：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

日本人集団ベースの大規模コホート研究であるNational Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Study of Geriatric Syndromesに参加した高齢者4676名を対象に、フレイルの発現頻度とリスク因子との関連を評価した。ベースライン時と4年の追跡時における身体的フレイル状態を健常者、前フレイル、フレイルに分類した。平均追跡期間は47.9±1.8ヵ月であった。人口統計学的変数、医学的状態、転倒、うつ症状、認知機能に関する情報も収集した。52例(2.6%)が健常者からフレイル状態に進行した。前フレイルからフレイルへの進行は281例(12.0%)で認めた。死亡率はベースラインにおけるフレイル状態と共に上昇した。健常者46名(2.3%)、前フレイル112名(4.8%)、フレイル54例(15.6%)であった。ロジスティック回帰分析では、年齢、性別、BMI、転倒、老年期うつ病評価尺度、ミニメンタルステート検査、教育が新規フレイル発症と関連していた。ベースライン時点で前フレイル状態の参加者は、消耗、運動不足、筋力低下、可動性低下がフレイル進行と関連した。

出版者・発行元：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

知的活動や毎日の活動に参加していない高齢者はそれらの活動に参加している高齢者に比べて認知症発症のリスクが高いとの仮説を立て、これを検証した。調査対象は愛知県大府市在住の65歳以上の高齢者4564名(男性2275名、女性2289名、平均71.7±5.3歳)であった。これらの参加者が従事するライフスタイル行動数は平均10.6±2.4個であった。平均42.6ヵ月後、219名(4.8%)が新たに認知症を発症した。コックス比例ハザード回帰モデルによる生存分析では、日常会話(HR 0.56,95%CI 0.35〜0.89,P=0.015)、車の運転(HR 0.63,95%CI 0.45〜0.88,P=0.007)、買い物(HR 0.57,95%CI 0.34〜0.96,P=0.033)、野外活動/園芸(HR 0.71,95%CI 0.54〜0.94,P=0.016)を行う機会が多い参加者は認知症となる確率が有意に低かった。以上から、特定のライフスタイル行動は高齢者の認知症予防に重要な役割を果たす可能性があることが示された。

出版者・発行元：Maturitas  

DOI： 10.1016/j.maturitas.2018.06.008

Scopus

PubMed

出版者・発行元：Gerontology  

DOI： 10.1159/000486547

Scopus

PubMed

出版者・発行元：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

認知障害を有する地域在住高齢者において、不安全運転行動と認知機能との関連を調べた。65歳以上で、習慣的(週3回以上)に車の運転をしている高齢者159名を対象に、認知機能を調べ、路上試験中の不安全運転行動を評価した。不安全運転行動数に基づき、被験者を不安全運転行動が4回以上の高頻度群142名(男性70.4%、平均73.1±5.8歳)と3回以下の低頻度群17名(男性76.5%、平均67.9±3.6歳)に分けた。高頻度群は有意に年齢が高く、1日の運転回数が少なく、symbol digit substitution task(SDST)スコアが低かった。高頻度群は適切な確認なしの不安全運転行動が低頻度群よりも多かった。不安全運転行動数は年齢と中程度に有意に正に関連した。SDSTスコアは年齢群の補正後、不安全運転行動数と有意に関連した。

出版者・発行元：(公財)明治安田厚生事業団  

出版者・発行元：Annals of Geriatric Medicine and Research  

DOI： 10.4235/agmr.2018.22.1.3

Scopus

PubMed

出版者・発行元：(一社)理学療法科学学会  

[目的]脳卒中患者の回復期リハビリテーション病棟入院時情報から3ヵ月後の歩行自立を判別するための予測チャートを作成すること。[対象と方法]初発脳卒中患者251例を対象として、入院時の身体機能と認知機能、基本動作自立度、バランス能力、日常生活自立度から入院3ヵ月後の歩行自立を予測するための決定木を、信号検出分析法にて求めた。[結果]起居動作能力、バランス能力、認知機能が有意な予測因子として抽出され、入院3ヵ月後の歩行自立を予測するための決定木が得られた。[結語]脳卒中の回復期に適応した歩行自立の予測チャートが作成された。(著者抄録)

出版者・発行元：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

地域在住日本人高齢者における糖尿病歴のない慢性腎疾患(CKD)とフレイル構成要素との関連を調べた。参加者の住民8343名(男性3790名、平均73.7±5.5歳;女性4553名、平均73.5±5.5歳)を対象にベースライン評価を実施し、推定糸球体濾過量(eGFR)により四つのカテゴリーに分類した。フレイルの状態については、遅い歩行速度、筋力の弱さ、低い身体活動、極度の疲労、意図的でない体重減少の基準により定義した。多変量補正後、腎機能が最も低い群の参加者は腎機能正常の参加者と比較してフレイルのリスクが高かった(OR 1.57,95%CI 1.02〜3.50)。複数の交絡因子で補正後、eGFR 30未満はeGFR 60以上と比較して、体重減少(OR 2.14,95%CI 1.11〜4.12)、低い身体活動(OR 1.35,95%CI 1.01〜2.54)、遅いこと(OR 1.82,95%CI 1.36〜3.77)等の個別のフレイル構成要素の高リスクに関連することが示された。

出版者・発行元：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

フレイルを呈する地域在住高齢者514名を対象に、地域ベースの介入が障害予防に及ぼす影響について検討した。介入群257名(男性144名、女性113名、平均73.0±5.5歳)と非介入群(対照群)257名(男性142名、女性115名、平均73.2±5.9歳)に分類し、48ヵ月後の障害の発症率を比較検討した。さらに、介入プログラムの変数として想定される患者基礎データ、ベースライン時の全般的認知機能、握力、歩行速度、血液検査データを調査した。介入プログラムとして、歩行運動と健康教育を実施した。介入群257名うち147名が歩行運動、110名が健康教育クラスへの参加であった。48ヵ月後の障害の発症率は介入群が11.3%、対照群が19.8%であった(p=0.007)。障害を発症した者では服薬数、高齢、女性、高血圧患者が多かった。握力や歩行速度などの身体機能レベルは、障害を呈した者の方が低値を示していた。生存分析の結果、介入プログラムへの参加者の方が非参加者と比較して障害の発症可能性が有意に低値であった。また、高血圧、癌、服薬数、握力、血清中アルブミン等の交絡因子を補正後のCox比例ハザード回帰モデルでも、地域ベースの介入プログラムによって、障害の発症リスクが有意に低くなることが示された。

出版者・発行元：(NPO)愛知県理学療法学会  

【目的】回復期脳卒中患者に対する認知関連行動アセスメント(以下、CBA)の評価者間信頼性を検討した。【方法】理学療法士6名と日常業務でCBAを用いた評価を実施しており十分な臨床経験を有する言語聴覚士を評価者とし、脳卒中患者21名のCBAにおける6領域の重症度を5段階で評価させた。評価者間信頼性の検討は、理学療法士6名の評価結果と理学療法士を臨床経験年数で分けた2群の評価結果を言語聴覚士の評価結果を外的基準に比較して、領域別得点は重み付きκ係数、合計点は級内相関係数(2,1)を算出した。さらに、合計点はBland-Altman分析により系統誤差を確認した後、標準誤差を算出した。【結果】評価者間信頼性は重み付きκ係数が0.62〜0.92、級内相関係数(2,1)が0.86〜0.91と高かった。系統誤差の存在はなく、標準誤差は2〜3点であった。【結論】CBAの評価者間信頼性は高く、今後は多様な職種や環境での連携においても臨床応用が期待できると考えた。(著者抄録)

出版者・発行元：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

日本人の65歳以上の高齢者4151名(男性2038名、女性2113名、平均71.6±5.3歳)を対象に、認知症リスクの検出に用いられるNational Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Functional Assessment Tool(NCGG-FAT)とミニ・メンタル・ステート検査(MMSE)の妥当性について検討した。認知機能障害のスクリーニングには、NCGG-FATのうち物語・単語リスト記憶、注意・実行機能、処理速度、視空間スキルの各項目を評価した。平均43ヵ月のフォローアップ期間中、認知症と診断されたのは180名(4.3%)であった。認知機能テストと認知症発症率との関係を評価したCox比例ハザード回帰モデルでは、図形選択を除く各検査の成績と認知症リスクに関連が認められ、全補正後モデルでは認知症発症率と単語リスト記憶課題、Trail Making Test(TMT)-A、TMT-B、Symbol Digit Substitution Test(SDST)、MMSEとの間に有意な関連が認められた。このうち、SDSTは中等度の分類精度を示していた。また、サブグループ解析では、全般的認知障害のない被験者では認知機能検査と認知症発症率との有意な関連はなかった。NCGG-FATは高齢者の認知症リスク検出に有用なツールであることが示された。

出版者・発行元：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

高齢者3575名(男性1800名、女性1775名、平均71.7歳)を対象に、転倒の恐れ、転倒歴と歩行パラメータとの関連について検討した。対面インタビューによって転倒歴と転倒の恐れの有無を調査し、歩行速度、歩幅、ステップレート等の歩行パラメータの測定を行った。その結果、過去1年以内の転倒歴を有するのは465名(13.0%)、転倒の恐れを有するのは1467名(41.0%)であった。転倒の恐れを有する者では、そうでない者と比較して転倒歴が有意に高く、転倒歴を有する者では転倒の恐れを有する比率が有意に高値であった。年齢、性別、服薬数を補正後、歩行パラメータに関して有意な群間差が認められた。転倒の恐れを有する非転倒者では転倒の恐れがない非転倒者と比較して、歩行速度が有意に遅く、歩幅が短く、両脚時間が延長していた。同様に、転倒の恐れを有する転倒者では転倒の恐れがない転倒者と比較して、歩行速度が有意に遅く、歩幅が短く、ステップレートが低値であり、両脚時間が延長していた。転倒の恐れがない転倒者と転倒の恐れがない非転倒者では、歩行パラメータに差はなかった。高齢者の歩行パラメータは、転倒歴ではなく、転倒の恐れによって影響を受けることが示唆された。

出版者・発行元：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

地域高齢者において、睡眠の質が低く且つ身体活動が低い高齢者は認知機能が低い、という仮説を検証した。2013年、大府市と名古屋市において調査を施行し、地域高齢者5381名を解析対象とした。ミニメンタルステート検査(MMSE)によって認知障害の有無を検討し、National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology Functional Assessment Toolを用いてstory memory、注意、executive function、処理速度を評価した。さらに、質問票調査によって身体活動性を評価し、睡眠の質とともに認知機能との関連を検討した。その結果、身体活動あり+睡眠の質良好(Active+GS)群が2049名(男性1160名、女性889名、平均74.43±4.90歳)、身体活動あり+睡眠の質不良(Active+PS)群が803名(男性324名、女性479名、平均74.90±4.60歳)、運動不足+睡眠の質良好(Inactive+GS)群が1741名(男性827名、女性914名、平均75.56±5.37歳)、運動不足+睡眠の質不良(Inactive+PS)群が788名(男性278名、女性510名、平均75.79±5.37歳)であった。認知機能に関して群間差が認められ、inactive+PS群はactive+GS群よりもすべての認知機能検査結果が不良で、active+PS群はactive+GS群よりもtrail-making test,part B(TMT-B)とsymbol digit substitution task(SDST)の成績が劣っていた。以上、運動不足で睡眠の質が低い地域高齢者は認知機能が低い傾向にあることが示された。

出版者・発行元：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

日本人高齢者2580名を対象に、体組成パラメータと軽度認知障害(MCI)リスクとの関連、リスクに及ぼす性差の影響を検討した。認知機能検査でMCIを認める840名(男性395名、女性445名、平均71.9±5.5歳)とMCIのない1740名(男性807名、女性933名、平均71.3±5.2歳)に分類し、体組成パラメータとの関連を評価した。その結果、BMI、体重、体脂肪量(FM)に関して、MCI群と非MCI群との間に男女とも有意差は認められなかった。一方、除脂肪量(FFM)と体肢筋量(AMM)はMCI群の方が非MCI群より低く、上肢と下肢の筋量は男性MCI群の方が低値を示していた。女性では、上肢筋量とMCIとの関連はみられず、下肢筋量はMCI群で低下していた。また、男女ともFFMの最低四分位群では最高四分位群と比較してMCIが高リスクであり、男性ではAMMの最低四分位群でMCIリスクが高くなっていた。さらに、男性では上肢・下肢筋量の最低四分位群でMCIリスクが高値を示していた。高齢者における体組成パラメータのうち、男女ともに除脂肪量の低下とMCIが関連し、男性では体肢筋量とMCIとの間に関連があることが示された。

出版者・発行元：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

地域高齢者において糖尿病または高血圧を伴う腎機能とフレイルとの関連について検討した。全国調査に参加した9606名の地域高齢者を解析対象とした。推定糸球体濾過量(eGFR)値によって、60.0mL/分/1.73m2群、45.0〜59.9mL/分/1.73m2群、30.0〜44.9mL/分/1.73m2群、30.0mL/分/1.73m2未満群に分類し、フレイルの状況との関連を評価した。フレイルと判定されたのは888名(男性363名、女性525名、平均78.2±5.9歳)、フレイルなしとされたのは8718名(男性4206名、女性4512名、平均73.1±5.3歳)であった。フレイルを呈する者の方が合併症の罹患が多く、女性が多数であった。eGFRが60.0mL/分/1.73m2の正常範囲にあるフレイル者は他の三つのカテゴリー(45.0〜59.9mL/分/1.73m2群、30.0〜44.9mL/分/1.73m2群、30.0mL/分/1.73m2)と比較して少なかった。また、高血圧または糖尿病の病歴を有する者では、eGFRが低値を示す群においてフレイルのリスクが有意に高く、高血圧と糖尿病の両者の病歴を有するとさらにリスクが高まることが明らかになった。日本人高齢者において、腎機能の低下はフレイル発症の高リスクと関連することが示された。

出版者・発行元：(公社)日本理学療法士協会  

【目的】地域在住高齢者に適するようにShort Physical Performance Battery(以下、SPPB)算出方法の修正を試みた。【方法】高齢者4,328名をSPPB(0〜12点)で評価し、歩行速度と椅子立ち座りは対象者の測定値(四分位)を基に、立位バランスは立位保持の出来高によって配点した地域高齢者向けのSPPB community-based score(以下、SPPB-com)(0〜10点)を算出し、24ヵ月の要介護発生との関連を調べた。【結果】対象者の78.7%でSPPBが、10.5%でSPPB-comが満点であった。SPPB-comが4点以下で要支援・要介護発生率が高く(12.8%)、SPPB-com、年齢、女性、MMSEが要支援・要介護発生と有意に関連していた。【結論】SPPBを再得点化したSPPB-comは地域在住高齢者の要支援・要介護リスクを把握する指標として有益となることが示唆された。(著者抄録)

出版者・発行元：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

日本人の地域在住高齢者における座位時間と腎機能低下の関連について評価した。国立長寿医療研究センターが実施した老年症候群に関する研究("National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology-Study of Geriatric Syndromes")の65歳以上の参加者のうち、ベースラインに慢性腎臓病を認めなかった10,242例を対象とした。多重ロジスティック回帰分析において交絡因子を調整後、座位時間が上位4分の1の群(8時間以上)では下位4分の1の群(4時間未満)に比べ、腎機能低下(推定糸球体濾過量<60mL/min/1.73m2)のリスクが高かった。また座位時間が上位4分の1の群では、高血圧の既往あるいは癌および高血圧の既往を有するサブグループで腎機能低下リスクが増大していた。日本人の地域在住高齢者において、座位時間の上位レベルは腎機能低下と独立した関連を有することが示された。

出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

<p>【はじめに，目的】</p><p></p><p>脳卒中の予後予測において，機能的重症例に焦点をあてた機能的予後に関する検討は少ない。そこで，本研究の目的は，起居動作が自立しないまま回復期リハビリテーション病棟（以下，回復期病棟）に入院した脳卒中患者が，退院時に歩行動作が自立できるか否かを推察するために重要な入院時点での患者情報について探索することとした。</p><p></p><p></p><p>【方法】</p><p></p><p>対象は，船橋市立リハビリテーション病院の回復期病棟に入院した初発の脳梗塞もしくは脳内出血患者145例とした。このうち，入院当日の病棟カンファレンスで起居動作が自立していると判断された42例（28.9％）を除く103例（男性59例，女性44例，平均年齢69±12歳）を分析の対象とした。</p><p></p><p>研究デザインは後方視的観察研究であり，アウトカムを退院時病棟内歩行自立と定め，これに関連する入院時情報を調査した。</p><p></p><p>入院時情報は，対象の基本的属性（性別，年齢，身長，体重），医学的情報（疾患種別，損傷側，発症からこの入院までの日数），高次脳機能障害の有無（意識障害，失語症，失行症，半側空間無視，注意障害，病識低下，記憶障害），機能障害（下肢Brunnstrom stage（BRS）がIII以下である，中等度以上の感覚障害がある，健側筋力が低下している），動作能力（Berg Balance Scale（BBS））とした。</p><p></p><p>統計学的解析として，退院までに病棟内歩行が自立した者（自立群）とそうでない者（非自立群）の2群に分類し，入院時の情報について単変量解析（対応のないt検定，Mann-WhitneyのU検定，<i>χ²</i>検定による群間比較）を行った。次に，単変量解析にて有意差を認めた変数を独立変数，退院時病棟内歩行自立を従属変数とした多変量解析（多重ロジスティック回帰分析）を行った。最後に，多変量解析にて有意性が維持された連続変数についてReceiver Operating Characteristic（ROC）解析を行い，退院時病棟内歩行自立に対するカットオフ値を求めた。</p><p></p><p></p><p>【結果】</p><p></p><p>自立群は47例（45.6％），非自立群は56例（54.4％）であった。群間比較にて，自立群は，非自立群に比べ，有意に男性が多く（p＜0.05），若く（p＜0.01），高次脳機能障害の該当数が少なく（p＜0.05），BRSが低い例が少なく（p＜0.01），健側筋力低下例が少なく（p＜0.001），BBSが高かった（p＜0.001）。多重ロジスティック回帰分析にて，3項目以上の高次脳機能障害を有すること（オッズ比0.17，p＜0.05）とBBS（オッズ比1.11，p＜0.001）が，交絡因子での調整後も有意性を維持した。ROC解析にて，BBSのカットオフ値は22（感度0.76，特異度0.91，曲線下面積0.86，p＜0.001）と算出された。</p><p></p><p></p><p>【結論】</p><p></p><p>初発脳卒中患者において，回復期病棟への入院までに起居動作が自立していなくとも，高次脳機能障害が少なく，座位や起立などの抗重力能力が高ければ（BBS＞22），回復期病棟を退院するまでに整備された屋内環境での歩行が自立する可能性が高まる。</p>

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.2016.0991

出版者・発行元：日本転倒予防学会  

<p>　フレイルは，身体的な問題のみならず，認知機能障害やうつなどの精神・心理的問題，さらに独居や経済的困窮などの社会的問題を含む概念とされ，転倒リスクの把握のためにも，身体機能のみならず，認知機能や精神機能を評価することも重要となる。また，認知・精神機能低下を予防する，または改善を図ることは，転倒予防の側面からも有益となる。認知機能の領域による転倒への影響を調べてみると，なかでも注意や実行機能の低下が転倒のリスクを増大させる可能性が高い。また，複数の課題に同時に注意を向けるといった注意分配機能の低下は，転倒リスクを増大させる重要な要因のひとつとされている。転倒によって弊害となる心理的な要素として転倒恐怖感が挙げられ，転倒恐怖感を有していると活動制限を引き起こし，さらなる心身機能の低下を招き，より一層に転倒リスクを高めることにつながる。転倒予防のための介入として，身体機能面からの介入のみならず，注意や実行機能，注意分配機能（二重課題など）の側面からの介入も有効性が期待されている。また，運動介入を通じて身体機能の改善が図られ，そのことが転倒恐怖感の軽減やうつ徴候の軽減といった心理・精神的な状態の安定につながり，身体活動や社会活動の向上を促進して，転倒リスクの軽減に寄与するといった好循環をもたらすことが期待される。</p>

DOI： 10.11335/tentouyobou.3.3_5

出版者・発行元：日本運動疫学会  

<p>我々の研究グループは，軽度認知障害を有する地域在住高齢者を対象に，複合的運動プログラムが認知機能に及ぼす効果をランダム化比較試験によって検証し，その有効性を明らかにした。プログラムの有効性については，全般的認知機能や記憶に加え，脳萎縮の状態に有効性が認められた。本資料論文では，介入内容の紹介ならびに一般化可能性について着目し検討を行った。検証された複合的運動プログラムは，長期間の継続性も確認されており高齢者が実施しやすいものであったと考えられる。主に介護予防プログラムの1つとして実施されていることが多く，国内において広く用いられている。更に，運動の実施については特別な環境を必要としないため，新たに取り入れやすいプログラムであると考えられる。今後も，さまざまな場面において継続して取り組めるプログラムを目指し，継続した検討が必要である。</p>

DOI： 10.24804/ree.19.102

出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会宮城県理学療法士会  

フレイルは，高齢期において生理的予備能が低下することでストレスに対する脆弱性が亢進して不健康を引き起こしやすい状態と定義され，身体的な問題のみならず，精神・心理的問題，さらには社会的問題を含む概念とされる。しかし，これらの多側面でのフレイル判定方法が十分に確立している状況には至っていない。身体的フレイルに関しては，国際的に概ね共通した理解が図られており，わが国での大規模コホート研究によるデータも蓄積されてきており，地域高齢者における身体的フレイルの有症率は7.4％程度とされている。身体的フレイルと判定されると，悪化の一途をたどるわけではなく，適切な介入によって身体機能やADL能力の向上，さらにはフレイルからの脱却が期待されている。認知的フレイルや社会的フレイルに対しても，効果的な介入手段の検討が必要であり，個別を対象とした介入に留まらず，フレイル予防のための地域での人的・物的資源の拡充を含めた地域社会の環境体制の充実も課題のひとつであろう。<br>

DOI： 10.11342/mpta.28.3

出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

<p>【はじめに，目的】</p><p></p><p>がん罹患の高齢化を背景に，高齢がん罹患者の運動機能に着目した報告が増加している。実際に，高齢がん罹患者の歩行機能や筋力が低下していることが示されており，この対象への改善策が課題となっている。これらの報告のなかで，がんの罹患を判断するために，基本的には調査時の自己報告によって得られた情報を採用する場合が多い。しかしながら，その自己報告が正確なものであるかどうかは検証が必要であり，特に高齢者のがん罹患に関する妥当性の検証はなされていない。本研究では，75歳以上の地域在住高齢者を対象に，がん罹患に関する自己報告の妥当性を検証し，自己報告の有無による縦断的な機能変化を明らかにすることを目的とした。</p><p></p><p></p><p>【方法】</p><p></p><p>対象は，測定調査会に参加した75歳以上の地域在住高齢者411名のうち，がん罹患に関する調査データに不備のあった1名を除外した410名（男性169名，女性241名，平均年齢80.0±4.1歳）とした。ベースライン時におけるがんの自己報告については，がん罹患の有無，罹患時期，がんの種類などを面接聴取した。また，がんの発症を同定するために，後期高齢者医療制度における診療報酬請求（レセプト）情報を活用した。さらに，機能指標として運動機能，認知機能，および健康関連指標を測定した。統計解析は，レセプト情報によってがん罹患を同定された者のうち，がんの罹患を自ら報告した高齢者の陽性的中率を算出し，自己報告による妥当性を検証した。また，がん罹患者を自己報告群と非自己報告群に分類し，2群間の各変数を比較した。さらに，2群間における各機能の縦断的変化についても検討した。</p><p></p><p></p><p>【結果】</p><p></p><p>レセプト情報によると，ベースライン調査の時点でがんに罹患していた者は51名だった。このうち，がんに罹患したことを自ら報告した高齢者は28名であり，陽性的中率は54.9%だった。報告群と非報告群の比較では，年齢（p=0.710）と性別（p=0.601）に有意な差は認められなかった。また，測定したすべての変数で有意な差は認められなかった。さらに，二元配置分散分析の結果からも，交互作用の見られた項目はなかった。</p><p></p><p></p><p>【結論】</p><p></p><p>国立がん研究センターによると，40～69歳を対象とした自己報告によるがん罹患の陽性的中率は53%であった。本研究においても同等の結果が得られ，がん罹患に関しては自己報告による調査だけでは正確に把握することが難しいことを示唆するものであった。理由として，高齢者のなかにはがんに対して誤った理解や病識を有している方がおり，自らをがん罹患者と表出することに抵抗感がある可能性が挙げられた。また，自己報告の有無によって諸機能の差異は認められず，将来的な機能低下に影響を及ぼすことも明らかにされなかった。今後は，がん罹患の陽性的中率を上げる工夫をするとともに，虚弱な高齢がん罹患者に対して機能向上を目的としたアプローチを検討する必要がある。</p>

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.2016.1596

出版者・発行元：社団法人 日本理学療法士協会関東甲信越ブロック協議会  

<p>【目的】</p><p>訪問リハの利用者には，通所系サービスを利用しても活動範囲を拡大できない者がいる．本研究では，活動範囲と身体機能，年齢・性別，同居者有無，利用サービスなどの基本情報との関連する要因を明らかにすることを目的とした．</p><p>【方法】</p><p>平成28 年6月1日から29 年3月31日に訪問リハを利用していた265 名（男性127名，女性138 名，76 ±11歳）を対象とした．基本情報の他，訪問環境でも評価可能でエビデンスレベルが高いと判断した指標：握力，Bed side Mobility scale(BMS)，Short-form Berg Balance Scale（SF-BBS），Short Physical Performance Battery(SPPB)，FIM，Life Space Assessment(LSA) を評価した．LSA の最大活動レベルが3 以上235 名（屋外群）と3 未満30 名（屋内群）の2 群に分け群間比較を行った．更に，基本情報，FIM（認知），通所サービス利用有無を調整因子とし，LSA3 以上と未満を分ける指標を検定した．統計処理には対応のないt 検定，Mann-WhitneyU 検定，χ二乗検定，Fisher 正確確率検定，多重ロジスティック回帰分析を統計ソフトSPSS にて解析し，有意水準は5% とした．</p><p>【倫理的配慮】</p><p>ヘルシンキ宣言に基づき，筆者所属病院の倫理委員会で承認を得た．【結果】</p><p>屋内群と屋外群で握力，BMS，SF-BBS，SPPB，FIM 運動，FIM 認知の項目で群間に有意な差を認めた．屋内群と屋外群を分ける因子としては，独居（OR=0.29，CI=0.115-0.78）が阻害因子であり，握力（OR=1.09，CI=1.01-1.17）が促進因子であった．</p><p>【考察】</p><p>握力は，全身的な体力を反映している有用な指標とされており，活動範囲を想定する重要な項目であると考える．渡辺ら</p><p>（2005）は高齢期で家に閉じこもっている現象自体が将来の要介護や死亡発生率を高めると報告している．本研究の結果より，特に独居者に対しては利用開始時から介護支援専門員等と生活スタイルを含めた支援の在り方を意識する必要があることが確認できた．</p>

DOI： 10.14901/ptkanbloc.36.0_56

出版者・発行元：公益社団法人 日本理学療法士協会  

DOI： 10.14900/cjpt.44S1.42

記述言語：日本語 著書種別：学術書

記述言語：日本語 著書種別：学術書

記述言語：日本語 著書種別：学術書

記述言語：日本語 著書種別：映像

記述言語：日本語 著書種別：学術書