Language：Japanese   Publisher：Biocontrol Science and Technology  

Crab apple (Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill.) is native to Central Europe and successfully commercially grown in Indonesia. Management practices that increase biodiversity in agroecosystems are essential for mediating the negative impacts of intensive agriculture. This study aims to compare arthropod abundance and diversity between grass ground cover and Hydrangea intercropping in crab apple orchards and assess their impact on arthropod functional groups providing ecosystem services. In this study, arthropods were sampled using three types of traps, i.e. pitfall trap, yellow sticky trap, and pan trap. Arthropod specimens were identified by order and family, then categorised by their ecological role: detritivore, omnivore, herbivore, the natural enemy (predator and parasitoid), and pollinator. Our study collected 164 families belonging to the five examined functional groups. We found that the family composition of arthropods was significantly different between Hydrangea intercropping and grass ground cover in crab apple orchards. Grass ground cover supports the increase of herbivore and natural enemy populations and it’s related to enhancing biological control. In addition, Hydrangea intercropping increases pollinator species richness and contributes to pollination services. Pest management in crab apple orchards may benefit from a combination of grass ground cover to encourage natural enemies and Hydrangea intercropping to increase pollinators.

DOI： 10.1080/09583157.2024.2383290

Scopus

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Japanese Forest Society  

<p>This study aimed to detect arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal spores in the forest soil and investigate fluctuations in spore density over time. Soil samples were collected from 11 sites in Kagoshima Prefecture between June and November 2014 and subjected to spore extraction using the wet-sieving method. The spores produced by AM fungi were detected in samples from 10 locations, but none were found in the soil collected from a pine forest near the active crater of Sakurajima. Low spore densities were observed in samples from three sites, including one located near the Sakurajima crater. At locations where significant seasonal changes in the spore density of AM fungi were observed, spore density was high in June, decreased afterward, and remained low until November. No significant correlation was observed between spore density and distance from the nearest pine tree or distance from <i>Miscanthus sinensis</i> in pine forests. Furthermore, we observed no significant difference in spore density between the soil samples collected from beneath AM trees and those collected from under ectomycorrhizal trees in a broadleaf forest.</p>

DOI： 10.4005/jjfs.105.275

Scopus

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Agrivita  

Bark and ambrosia beetles are commonly found in forest ecosystems, and their fungal symbionts act as plant pathogens. Accurate information on the presence and population levels of bark and ambrosia beetles is becoming an increasingly crucial to protect the forest ecosystem. This study compared multiple-funnel and bottle traps to monitor the bark and ambrosia beetles in two types of mahogany forest. Multiple-funnel and bottle traps were made from transparent polyethylene terephthalate bottles and baited with 95% ethanol. Two different mahogany forest management (monoculture and polyculture with coffee plants) were used in this study. A total of 2,367 bark and ambrosia beetle specimens were trapped in this study. This research recorded ten genera of Scolytinae and one Platypodinae genus. Xyleborus spp., X. crassiusculus, and P. cavipennis are three predominated ambrosia beetles collected in mahogany monoculture and polyculture. Euplatypus parallelus was identified as a representative of Platypodinae. Results showed that multiple-funnel traps baited with ethanol are effective to catch individuals and several species of bark and ambrosia beetles in mahogany forests. The choice of multiple-funnel or bottle traps is an important consideration in trap-based programs for monitoring or detecting invasive species in forest ecosystems.

DOI： 10.17503/agrivita.v45i3.4295

Scopus

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Tree Health Research Society, Japan  

DOI： 10.18938/treeforesthealth.26.2_79

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Tree Health Research Society, Japan  

DOI： 10.18938/treeforesthealth.25.2_67

Language：Japanese  

In order to investigate the patterns of damage due to outbreak of zonate leaf blight of Camellia sasanqua, we observed in the field to classify types of lesions on the basis of morphological criteria and studied seasonal variations in the occurrence of each type. Consequently, these lesions were classified into five types; "without rim", "brown with rim", "white with rim", "irregular", and "with rim only". "Without rim" caused defoliation, while the others didn't. "Without rim", "brown with rim", and "irregular" produced propagules, which cause infection. Propagules were found throughout the year, especially in periods with high rainfall and the temperature from 15 to 28°C. "Without rim" appeared frequently in periods with high rainfall and mean temperature from 15 to 25°C. "Brown with rim" appeared frequently in high temperature seasons, while "white with rim" in low temperature seasons. It was suggested that a part of the former changed into the latter. Most of "irregular" appeared frequently on young leaves. "With rim only" was suggested that this type of lesion was just beginning to emerge, because this type was very small and appeared suddenly in early spring. From these properties, it was shown that "without rim" caused acute damage with defoliation, while "brown with rim" and "irregular" caused chronic damage. Therefore, it's suggested that different types of lesions play different roles in expansion cycle of this disease.

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/10232/00031127

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：樹木医学会  

Language：Japanese  

From October 2013 to July 2014, we set up nets with different degrees (0, 25, 50, 75, 100%) and patterns (horizontal stripes, vertical stripes, checkered pattern) of front visibility interruption between sika deer and food, and observed the behavior of sika deer at the Hirakawa Zoo, Kagoshima city. Some deer were wary of the net at the beginning of the experiment, but the wariness gradually decreased. Statistically significant differences were observed in the time between entry to the beast house and the first touch to the net in experiments with food conducted in October and November 2013. Deer tended to approach sooner and touch the net earlier when facing nets with low degrees of front visibility interruption. The higher the degree of interruption, the weaker the deer pushed the net. This tendency was more apparent for the nets with checked patterns as well as in June and July. We discussed factors to be considered in the construction of hedges to prevent the intrusion of sika deer.

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Language：Japanese  

We surveyed the damage of young Japanese cedar, Cryptomeria japonica, trees planted in February 2015 caused by the Japanese hares, Lepus brachyurus brachyurus, in the cedar plantation in Tarumizu City, Kagoshima Prefecture, during the period from March to October 2015. The damage was observed on 0.7% of planted trees about a month after planting, and the accumulated damage rate increased linearly with time. The incidence of new damage on each survey occasion conducted every 2 to 3 months ranged 5.5 to 8.1%, and in October, eight months after planting, 19.0% of the planted trees were damaged and 10.3% of the damaged trees were damaged repeatedly. Cutting on stems and/or branches occupied 91.4%, mixed damage of stem and/or branch-cutting and peeling occupied 6.1%, and peeling occupied 2.5% of the total damage. Most cutting events occurred on lateral branches. A total of 6 trees were dead within 8 months after planting, of which 3 trees were damaged by the hare. One damaged tree was withering in October 2015. The tree height of 4 damaged trees was shorter than that of other trees planted around them, and the stems of the two trees were cut at their terminal part. The incidence of the damage was significantly lower by the trees planted in the area ≦10m from the adjacent stand and on skidding roads than those planted in the other areas.

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/10232/00031123

Language：Japanese  

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Other Link： http://hdl.handle.net/10232/00031122

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Mammal Society of Japan  

<p>To investigate the characteristics of home ranges of <i>Apodemus speciosus</i>, we tracked 17 male and eight female mice using radiotelemetry in an evergreen broad-leaved forest dominated by <i>Pasania edulis</i> and an adjacent <i>Cryptomeria japonica</i> plantation in southern Kyushu. Seventeen and 19 home ranges of males and females, respectively, were estimated by the 95% minimum convex polygon method. Home range sizes and distances between them successively detected during the night became larger during the acorn dropping season, from late September to late November, and one mouse moved approximately 100 m within three hours. Home ranges sometimes overlapped among mice in the boundary area of the two forests. Spatial arrangement and size of home ranges, and movement within home ranges of <i>Apodemus speciosus</i>, varied between individuals. Among them, three mice had home ranges that extended into both forests and nests in the cedar plantation during the acorn dropping season. They constantly moved from the cedar plantation to the broad-leaved forest and vice versa. Such mice are thought to contribute to seed dispersal from the broad-leaved forest to its adjacent conifer plantation.</p>

DOI： 10.11238/mammalianscience.58.23

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Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

<p>In order to examine the seasonal changes in the colonization rates of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi in the roots of <i>Cryptomeria japonica</i>, we collected roots from mature trees and seedlings in Takakuma Experimental Forest of Kagoshima University from January 2012 to November 2013. We stained sample fine root segments and observed AM fungi by microscopy. As a result, all the individuals of <i>C. japonica</i> examined in this study were colonized by AM fungi. Colonization rates were low from January to May for both mature trees and seedlings. They drastically increased in June and then decreased until August. They recovered after summer from September till November for mature trees and till October for seedlings, and decreased again. Colonization rates showed quite similar patterns of seasonal change between the two years both for mature trees and seedlings, but were generally higher in mature trees than in seedlings. Colonization rates showed significant positive correlation with mean air temperature in total, but more precisely, they increased with the increase in temperature below 22℃, but decreased above that temperature. Precipitation also showed significant positive correlation with colonization rates, but this seem to be an indirect relationship reflecting the relationship between colonization rate and air temperature.</p>

DOI： 10.4005/jjfs.100.3

Scopus

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Other Link： https://agriknowledge.affrc.go.jp/RN/2010921259

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Tree Health Research Society, Japan  

<p>To determine the roles of ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) in plant growth at different successional stages, we investigated the growth and ectomycorrhization of <i>Pinus thunbergii</i> and <i>Lithocarpas edulis</i> seedlings, grown on four types of soil : <i>P. thunbergii</i> forest soil (P-Soil), sterilized P-Soil (SP-Soil), <i>L. edulis</i> forest soil (L-Soil), and sterilized L-Soil (SL-Soil) from Sakurajima, where volcanic eruptions have formed various stages of succession. No mycorrhiza formed for either species on sterilized soil. The mycorrhization rate of <i>P. thunbergii</i> seedlings was significantly higher on P-Soil than L-Soil, while the rate of <i>L. edulis</i> seedlings did not differ significantly between these soil types. The growth of mycorrhizal <i>P. thunbergii</i> seedlings was significantly greater than that of non-mycorrhizal seedlings on both forest soils, indicating the importance of EMF in the growth of <i>P. thunbergii</i> seedlings. Conversely, the growth of mycorrhizal <i>L. edulis </i>seedlings was similar to that of non-mycorrhizal seedlings on both forest soils, suggesting that the initial growth of <i>L. edulis </i>seedlings was mainly influenced by nutrients from acorns.</p>

DOI： 10.18938/treeforesthealth.22.4_187

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：日本哺乳類学会  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese  

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Mammal Society of Japan  

<p>In order to elucidate the effects of thinning on <i>Apodemus speciosus</i> and <i>A. argenteus</i> populations in Japanese cedar <i>Cryptomeria japonica</i> plantations, we conducted population surveys in two sites composed of a plantation and an evergreen broad-leaved forest in southern Kyushu, Japan. In one site, about 50% of the volume of cedar trees in the plantation were cut in September 2012. All mice inhabiting the plantation disappeared just after thinning. New individuals of <i>A. speciosus</i> and <i>A. argenteus</i> began to be captured in the plantation three and six months after thinning, respectively, and both mice species recovered in the third year after thinning, when the ground vegetation had recovered. Meanwhile, in the non-thinning site, the number of trapped mice did not largely change throughout the year in 2012. These results show that thinning should produce pronounced impacts on mice populations through drastic disturbances of habitat condition, and the effects are larger and longer for <i>A. argenteus</i> than for <i>A. speciosus</i>. However, we also suggest that mice populations can recover within three years after thinning.</p>

DOI： 10.11238/mammalianscience.57.287

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

[in Japanese]

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.127.0_587

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

[in Japanese]

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.127.0_347

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (bulletin of university, research institution)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

[in Japanese]

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.125.0_372

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

[in Japanese]

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.125.0_185

Language：English   Publisher：Springer Japan  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.124.0.450.0

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.124.0.754.0

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Tree Health Research Society, Japan  

DOI： 10.18938/treeforesthealth.16.2_63

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Language：English  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.122.0.319.0

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.122.0.520.0

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.123.0.Pb157.0

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.123.0.Pb146.0

Language：English   Publisher：The Mycological Society of Japan  

<p><i>Rhynchophorus ferrugineus</i> is a tropical pest of palms that has recently invaded Japan, where winter temperatures fall below 0˚C. Because activities of the weevil at temperatures <13˚C are extremely limited, it appears difficult for them to overwinter in Japan. However, the temperature of palm tissues damaged by this weevil has been observed to be higher than air temperature. Here, we looked for the cause of this temperature increase. First, we measured the temperature of damaged palm tissues and showed it to be between 30˚C and 40˚C, even in winter. Next, we isolated yeasts from the body of weevils and infested palm tissues and obtained 36 yeast strains, mostly <i>Candida tropicalis</i> and <i>C. ethanolica</i>. Then, we analyzed the soluble sugar composition in palm tissues and found that it included glucose, sucrose, and fructose. Because at least <i>C. tropicalis</i> can ferment some of these sugars, the temperature increase may be attributed to fermentation of microbes, including yeasts.</p>

DOI： 10.47371/mycosci.myc51215

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.121.0.735.0

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.121.0.721.0

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

We captured adult Japanese pine sawyer, <I>Monochamus alternatus</I>, after aerial application of microcapsules containing fenitrothion (MEP-MC) using live traps with chemical attractants in 10 Japanese black pine stands in Sakurajima. MEP was detected from the adults captured in the stands 39, 51, and 33 days after aerial application of MEP-MC in 2004, 2005, and 2006, respectively. Adults contaminated with MEP were also captured in unsprayed pine stands 4&sim;5 km away from the MEP-sprayed area 4 and 5 days after aerial application in 2004 and 2005, respectively. Based on the data of the capture of adults and detection of MEP from the adults captured in MEP-sprayed and unsprayed pine stands, we estimated the mortality of the adults due to MEP-MC application in 2005 and 2006 as 62 and 76%, respectively, in the sprayed stand, and 62 and 66%, respectively, in an adjacent pine stand to the MEP-sprayed area. These results suggest that aerial application of MEP-MC would be an effective measure to prevent the prevalence of pine wilt disease.

DOI： 10.4005/jjfs.91.377

Language：Japanese  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Forestry Society  

<I>Monochamus alternatus</I> adults were artificially inoculated with the entomopathogenic fungus, <I>Beauveria bassiana</I>, just after emergence, and reared individually with a <I>Pinus thunbergii </I>sapling in an outdoor cage. The infection resulted in high adult mortalities both at 7 and 14 days after emergence and a significant decrease in adult longevity from 36.5 to 7.5 days. The infection also decreased maturation feeding activities; the percentage of adults which ceased maturation feeding within 7 days after emergence increased from 38 to 92%, the total amount of maturation feeding decreased to less than 1/10, and the percentage of saplings with maturation feeding scars decreased from 81 to 61%. As a result, the mortality of saplings decreased from 77 to 51%. However, the effects of the infection on the percentage of saplings with feeding scars and the mortality of saplings were not significant at 7 days after infection. These results indicate that the infection of <I>M. alternatus</I> adults with<I> B. bassiana</I> can control pine wilt disease, although the effects of the infection become evident after a certain period of time from the infection. Thus, the infection might be less effective in areas where the pine wood nematode departs from <I>M. alternatus</I> adults soon after their emergence from the logs.

DOI： 10.4005/jjfs.91.313

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (other academic)  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.120.0.724.0

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.120.0.710.0

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Ornithological Society of Japan  

In order to identify the frugivorous bird species with the potential to disperse the seeds of broad-leaved trees and herbaceous plants into conifer plantations, we caught birds with mist nets and sampled their faeces in a Japanese cedar <i>Cryptomeria japonica</i> plantation and neighbouring areas in southern Kyushu, Japan. In the autumn-winter period, intact seeds of six broad-leaved tree species and one herbaceous plant species were recovered from the faeces of nine individuals of five frugivorous bird species: seeds of <i>Maesa japonica</i> and <i>Rubus buergeri</i> from the faeces of the Red-flanked Bluetail <i>Tarsiger cyanurus</i>; <i>Eurya japonica</i>, <i>Callicarpa japonica</i> and the herbaceous plant <i>Tubocapsicum anomalum</i> from the faeces of the Pale Thrush <i>Turudus pallidus</i>, <i>E. japonica</i> from the faeces of the Red-billed Leiothrix <i>Leiothrix lutea</i>, <i>R. buergeri</i> from the faeces of the Japanese Bush Warbler <i>Cettia diphone</i>, and <i>Celastrus orbiculatus</i> from the faeces of the Japanese White-eye <i>Zosterops japonicus</i>. In the spring-summer period, intact seeds of one broad-leaved tree species, <i>Rubus palmatus</i> var. <i>palmatus</i>, were recovered from the faeces of the Eurasian Jay <i>Garrulus glandarius</i>. It has been shown that these six frugivorous bird species at least have a role as the seed dispersers of broad-leaved trees and herbaceous plants into conifer plantations.

DOI： 10.3838/jjo.58.187

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.120.0.269.0

Language：English   Publisher：The Mycological Society of Japan  

<p>Endophytic fungi were isolated from leaves of <i>Neolitsea sericea</i>, a major lauraceous tree in the laurel forests of southern Kyushu, collected from the understory layer of broadleaf and conifer stands. <i>Cytosphaera</i> sp. and a species of Ascomycetes in leaf blade segments, plus a xylariaceous species and <i>Phomopsis</i> spp. in petiole segments, were isolated at relatively high frequency. In general, isolation frequencies of endophytes were higher in petiole than blade segments. In blade segments, patterns of endophyte isolation were quite different among stands, while relatively similar in petiole segments. Significant effects of sampling sites or canopy vegetation were rarely detected.</p>

DOI： 10.47371/mycosci.myc49229

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：English   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.119.0.728.0

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.119.0.639.0

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.119.0.112.0

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.119.0.734.0

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Forestry Society  

In 2004 and 2005, we applied non-woven fabric strips inoculated with <I>Beauveria bassiana</I> conidia (NFS) to infested logs, then covered them in various ways, and compared the mortality of <I>Monochamus alternatus</I> adults emerging from the logs. Covering of the logs with a woven polyethylene sheet (blue sheet, #1500) without openings resulted in a high mortality of adults emerging from the logs. The mortality within 15 days after capture was 86% in Kagoshima and 80% in Sakurajima. Application of NFS increased the adult mortality to 100% and 96% in Kagoshima and 91% in Sakurajima. <I>B. bassiana</I> conidia appeared on 37&sim;100% of captured adults. However, covering of NFS-applied logs with a blue sheet with openings on both cut end sides or at the center of the upper side of log piles reduced the adult mortality to 92% and 86%, respectively. The adult mortality was also high, 96%, when NFS-applied logs were covered with a biodegradable organic sheet. However, the percentage of adults with <I>B. bassiana</I> conidia was low, 21%, suggesting that the high adult mortality might not be mainly caused by infection with <I>B. bassiana</I>. These results indicate that <I>M. alternatus</I> adults can be controlled efficiently by applying NFS to infested logs and covering them with a blue sheet anywhere in Japan.

DOI： 10.4005/jjfs.89.262

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Chiba University  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Forestry Society  

To examine the applicability of non-woven fabric strips with <I>Beauveria bassiana</I> conidia (NFS) to the control of <I>Monochamus alternatus</I> adults in southern Kyushu, we piled 1 m<SUP>3</SUP> of <I>Pinus thunbergii</I> logs infested with <I>M. alternatus</I> in each of two outdoor cages, and placed 2,500 cm<SUP>2</SUP> of NFS on one of these piles in May 2003. We covered each log pile with a blue vinyl sheet containing two triangular openings (the base: 50 cm, the height: 40 cm) on both cut end sides of the log piles. We captured adult beetles every day and reared them individually to determine the longevity and infection by <I>B. bassiana</I>. Infection by <I>B. bassiana</I> did not affect the average rate of food consumption. By applying NFS, the percentage of adults on which <I>B. bassiana</I> produced conidia increased from 2 to 34 % and the mortality rate of adults 15 days after emergence from 20 to 52 %. These mortality rates were similar to those obtained by the same application test to 0.2 m<SUP>3</SUP> of logs in 2001, suggesting that the dose of NFS per log volume might determine the efficiency of <I>B. bassiana</I>. The mortality rate and infection rate in this study were lower than those reported in Kanto District. We discussed the problems to be solved for the improvement of the efficiency of NFS-application in southern Kyushu.

DOI： 10.4005/jjfs.89.79

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Forestry Society  

In order to evaluate the role of <i>Apodemus</i> mice in invasion of <i>Pasania edulis</i> Makino into a plantation of Japanese cedar, <i>Cryptomeria japonica</i> D. Don, we studied the primary dispersal of acorns from parent trees, secondary dispersal of acorns by mice, and seedling establishment in the plantation and adjacent evergreen broad-leaved forest at the Kagoshima University Forest from April 2003 to January 2005. By primary dispersal, acorns were dispersed on average 2.4 m from the crown edge of the parent trees, and the maximum distance of invasion into the plantation by primary dispersal was 4.4 m from the border of the forests of two types. Of the 200 magnet-attached acorns we placed in the broad-leaved forest in autumn of 2003 and 2004, mice transported 66 and 58 acorns, respectively, into the plantation. The maximum distance from the border to cache site in the plantation was 34.5 m in 2003 and 18.5 m in 2004. Six acorns cached in 2003 remained intact until the next spring. In the plantation, the density of seedlings decreased with the distance from the border, but within 10 m of the border, the density did not differ significantly from that in the broad-leaved forest. From these results, we concluded that wood mice contribute to the invasion of <i>P. edulis</i> into the plantation as an important seed disperser.

DOI： 10.4005/jjfs.89.113

Language：Japanese   Publisher：THE JAPANESE FORESTRY SOCIETY  

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.118.0.74.0

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Japanese Forestry Society  

In order to evaluate the role of frugivorous birds in the dispersal of broad-leaved tree seeds in a plantation of Japanese cedar, <i>Cryptomeria japonica</i> D. Don, we monitored seed rain with 120 seed traps distributed over the plantation and an evergreen broad-leaved forest close to the plantation at the Kagoshima University Forest from October 2002 to April 2004. The numbers of bird-dispersed seeds and their seed species deposited in the traps in the plantation were significantly larger than those derived from naturally fallen fruits. Seasonal and yearly variation of bird-dissemination was observed in the plantation; the frugivorous birds deposited more seeds in the autumn-winter season than in the spring-summer season, and in 2002 than in 2003. In the plantation, naturally fallen fruits were localized around the broadleaved forest, while the bird-dispersed seeds were widely dispersed randomly. We also conducted a bird census in the study area for 43 days from February to December 2003. We observed 14 frugivorous bird species in the study area, and among them, the Brown-eared Bulbul, <i>Hypsipetes amaurotis</i>, was observed most frequently. These results suggest that frugivorous birds, especially <i>H. amaurotis</i> plays an important role in seed dispersal in the conifer plantation.

DOI： 10.4005/jjfs.88.515

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Chiba University  

Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本森林学会  

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.117.0.368.0

Language：Japanese   Publisher：日本森林学会  

DOI： 10.11519/jfsc.117.0.552.0

Language：Japanese   Publisher：The Mycological Society of Japan  

DOI： 10.11556/msj7abst.50.0.86.0

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Kagoshima University  

In order to examine the applicability of automatic cameras with an infrared censor switch, we set the cameras to take photographs of mammals and birds in an evergreen broad-leaved forest of Takakuma University Forest of Kagoshima University during the period from December 2002 to December 2004. A total of 1733 photographs were taken of 11 species of mammals such as Apodemus mouse and wild boars, nine species of bird, and some arthropods. We identified the species and in some cases determined the behavior of each individual. Data obtained from photographs revealed the diurnal pattern of activities on the ground surface, the effects of weather conditions, and the characteristics of acorn handling in Apodemus mice. The diurnal and seasonal activities of wild boar in the study site can also be estimated. These results suggest that automatic cameras with an infrared censor switch are promising tools in wildlife surveys.

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Kagoshima University  

We surveyed the nesting and foraging sites of herons in Tarumizu City and Sakurajima, Kagoshima Prefecture, during the period from March to December, 2004. We observed 7 species of herons, Egretta alba, E. intermedia, E. garzetta, Bubullcus ibis, Ardea cinerea, Nycticorax nycticorax, and Butorides striatus, in the study area. A. cinerea and E. garzetta were observed much more frequently than the other five species of herons. Foraging sites differed among the heron species. A. cinerea and B. ibis had a strong preference for a certain type of habitat and foraged exclusively at fish farms and farmlands, respectively. While, three egrets foraged in various types of habitat, such as fish farms, farmlands, rivers, and tidal flats, but the main foraging sites differed among the three. E. alba and E. garzetta foraged more frequently on fish farms, and E. intermedia foraged mainly in rivers and on farmland. We observed seven colonies/nests in the study area. All colonies and most nests were occupied by two or more species of heron throughout the study period. Colonies were established in stands that seemed to be protected from invasion by natural enemies. Nests were established in stands that were smaller in area than those with colonies and located near to foraging sites of herons. Nests were less stable than colonies. We discuss the way to conserve herons without harmful effects on daily human activities.

Language：Japanese   Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)  

Publisher：The Japanese Forestry Society  

DOI： 10.11519/jfs.115.0.P3054.0

Publisher：The Japanese Forestry Society  

DOI： 10.11519/jfs.115.0.P3063.0

Publisher：The Japanese Forestry Society  

DOI： 10.11519/jfs.114.0.62.0

Publisher：The Japanese Forestry Society  

DOI： 10.11519/jfs.114.0.135.0

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Kagoshima University  

In order to examine the virulence of the pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer) Nickle, we inoculated PWN extracted from the Japanese pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus Hope, collected in pine stands on Sakurajima Island (Sakurajima population) and a virulent isolate (Ka-4) into susceptible Pinus thunbergii seedlings in August 2000 and July 2001. By January 2001, 30 % and 17 % of the seedlings inoculated with Ka-4 and the Sakurajima population in August 2000 had been killed, respectively, and the difference in the percentages of wilted seedlings was statistically significant. However, the total percentage of wilted seedlings by September 2001 did not differ significantly between the isolates (Ka-4: 59%, Sakurajima population: 47%). The oleoresin flow began to decrease 4 days after inoculation of both isolates of PWN and to stop 2 weeks after inoculation. Xylem dysfunction occurred 4 and 6 weeks after inoculation in Ka-4 and the Sakurajima population inoculated seedlings, respectively. PWN were extracted from most wood chips sampled from the trunks of inoculated seedlings 2 weeks after inoculation in 2001. The density of PWN extracted from 1 cm3 wood chip sample did not differ significantly between the isolates. From these results, we can conclude that the virulence of the Sakurajima population is sub equal to the virulent isolate, Ka-4. A weak virulence of the Sakurajima population might not explain the 2-3 year delay in the invasion of pine wilt disease from the severely damaged pine stands on Ohsumi Peninsula and its prevalence in the eastern area of Sakurajima Island.

Language：English   Publisher：Mycological Society of Japan  

Language：English   Publisher：Ecological Society of Japan  

Event date： 2019.10

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：熊本県民交流館パレア  

Event date： 2019.10

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：鹿児島大学  

Event date： 2019.10

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：鹿児島大学  

Event date： 2019.10

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：鹿児島大学  

Event date： 2019.10

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：鹿児島大学  

Event date： 2019.10

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：鹿児島大学  

Event date： 2019

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Event date： 2018.10

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：琉球大学  

Event date： 2018.10

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Venue：琉球大学  

Event date： 2017.10

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Venue：長崎ウエスレヤン大学(長崎県諫早市)  

Event date： 2017.10

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：長崎ウエスレヤン大学(長崎県諫早市)  

Event date： 2017.10

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Venue：長崎ウエスレヤン大学(長崎県諫早市)  

Event date： 2016.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：クローバープラザ(福岡県春日市)  

Event date： 2016.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：クローバープラザ(福岡県春日市)  

Event date： 2016.11

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：クローバープラザ(福岡県春日市)  

Event date： 2016.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：日大生物資源科学部  

Event date： 2016.3

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：日大生物資源科学部  

Event date： 2016

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[in Japanese]

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Event date： 2015.10

Language：Japanese   Presentation type：Oral presentation (general)  

Venue：ホルトホール大分  

Event date： 2015.10

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Venue：ホルトホール大分  

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Venue：鹿児島  

国内学会

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Venue：鹿児島  

国内学会

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Venue：鹿児島  

国内学会

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国内学会

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国内学会

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