Publishing type：Research paper (scientific journal)   Publisher：Wiley  

Abstract

Functional dipeptides carnosine and anserine are abundant in muscle. We determined the effect of short‐term dietary histidine (His) content on muscle carnosine and anserine contents and meat quality of broilers. Three groups of 28‐day‐old female broilers were fed diets with His contents of 67%, 100%, or 150% of requirement for 10 days before market (His contents 0.21%, 0.32%, and 0.48%, respectively). The carnosine and anserine contents of 0‐h aged muscle significantly increased with dietary His content; in particular, the carnosine content was 162% higher in the His 0.48% group than in the His 0.32% group. The contents of both peptides also increased with dietary His content in 48‐h aged muscle, but carnosine was not detected in 0‐ and 48‐h aged muscle of the His 0.21% group. The drip loss, cooking loss, shear force, and pH of meat were not affected by the dietary His content. The 2‐thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances contents of 24‐ and 48‐h aged muscles were lower in the His 0.48% group than in the other groups, and the a* and b* values were lower in the His 0.21% group. These results suggest that short‐term dietary His content affects imidazole dipeptide contents, antioxidative capacity, and color of broiler meat.

DOI： 10.1111/asj.13856

Other Link： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/asj.13856

Language：English   Publisher：Japan Poultry Science Association  

<p>The concentration of <i>N</i>^τ-methylhistidine in plasma provides an index of skeletal muscle protein breakdown. This study aimed to establish a quantitative method for measuring the concentrations of <i>N</i>^τ-methylhistidine and its isomer <i>N</i>^π-methylhistidine in chicken plasma, using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry with stable isotope dilution analysis. The acceptable linear ranges of detection were 1.56–50.00 μmol/L for <i>N</i>^τ-methylhistidine and 0.78–25.00 μmol/L for <i>N</i>^π-methylhistidine. The proposed method detected changes in the plasma levels of <i>N</i>^τ-methylhistidine and <i>N</i>^π-methylhistidine in response to fasting and re-feeding. These results suggest that the method developed in this study can be used for the simultaneous measurement of <i>N</i>^τ-methylhistidine and <i>N</i>^π-methylhistidine in chicken plasma.</p>

DOI： 10.2141/jpsa.2023017

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CiNii Research

Language：English   Publisher：Japan Poultry Science Association  

<p>Exogenous nutrients are essential for body and skeletal muscle growth in newly hatched chicks, and delaying post-hatch feeding negatively affects body growth, meat yield, and meat quality. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of delayed post-hatch feeding on the metabolic profiles of broiler chickens using a combination of targeted and untargeted metabolomics. Newly hatched chicks had either immediate free access to feed (freely fed chicks) or no access to feed from 0 to 2 days of age (delayed-fed chicks); both groups were subsequently provided feed <i>ad libitum</i> until 13 days of age. Untargeted metabolomic analysis was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, whereas targeted metabolomic analysis of amino acids was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography with <i>ortho</i>-phthalaldehyde derivatization. Delayed feeding increased the plasma levels of sucrose, maltose, serotonin, lactitol, gentiobiose, xylitol, threonic acid, and asparagine, and decreased the plasma levels of creatinine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid. In addition, the digestibility of the nitrogen-free extract (starch and sugar) and the cecal butyric acid concentration increased in chicks subjected to delayed feeding. In contrast, delayed feeding did not affect muscle protein degradation or digestibility in chicks. Taken together, our results indicate that delaying feeding until 48 h post-hatch alters multiple metabolic pathways, which are accompanied by changes in intestinal carbohydrate digestion and cecal butyric acid content in broiler chickens.</p>

DOI： 10.2141/jpsa.2023032

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CiNii Research

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：FEBS Open Bio  

β2-Adrenoceptor (β2-AR) signaling decreases the transcriptional activity of forkhead box O (FoxO), but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated how β2-AR signaling regulates the protein abundance of FoxO and its transcriptional activity in skeletal muscle. We observed that stimulation of β2-AR with its selective agonist, clenbuterol, rapidly decreased FoxO1 mRNA expression, and this was accompanied by a decrease in either FoxO1 protein level or FoxO transcriptional activity. We subsequently observed that miR-374b-5p and miR-7a-1-3p were rapidly upregulated in response to β2-AR stimulation. Transfection with mimics of either miRNA successfully decreased FoxO1 mRNA. Moreover, because β2-AR stimulation increased cAMP concentration, pretreatment with an adenylyl cyclase inhibitor canceled out these effects of β2-AR stimulation. These results suggest that β2-AR stimulation results in rapid upregulation of miR-374b-5p and miR-7a-1-3p in myotubes, which in turn results in a decrease in FoxO1 mRNA expression via the β2-AR–cAMP signaling pathway.

DOI： 10.1002/2211-5463.13368

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Language：English   Publisher：Warm Regional Society of Animal Science, Japan  

<p>This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with dried thinned Tankan (<i>Citrus tankan </i>Hayata) powder on the lipid peroxidation, drip-loss, and color of the <i>pectoralis major</i> muscle of broiler chickens. Thirty male broiler chickens (Ross 308) were allocated to three groups at 14 days of age. The control group was fed a standard diet and the remaining two groups were fed the standard diet supplemented with thinned Tankan<i> </i>at concentrations of 2.0% or 4.0% until 28 days of age. The body mass, body mass gain, feed intake, and the tissue masses of the broilers did not differ among the groups, but the 4.0% thinned Tankan-supplemented diet was associated with a higher feed conversion ratio than the control group. Feeding either the 2.0% or 4.0% thinned Tankan<i>-</i>supplemented diet was associated with redder <i>pectoralis major</i> muscle and a higher muscle α-tocopherol concentration than the control chickens. Furthermore, feeding the 4.0% thinned Tankan<i>-</i>supplemented diet was associated with lower muscle malondialdehyde content and lower drip-loss than the control chickens. Thus, thinned Tankan<i> </i>supplementation changes the color, increases the α-tocopherol concentration, and reduces the lipid peroxidation and drip-loss of the meat of broiler chickens.</p>

DOI： 10.11461/jwaras.65.17

CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Frontiers in Animal Science  

We aimed to examine the effects of cyclical high ambient temperature (HT) and dried Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract (DNE) supplementation on the growth performance, muscle lipid peroxidation level, and muscle drip loss of broiler chickens. Twenty-four 15-day old broiler chickens (Chunky strain ROSS 308) were divided into four treatment groups that were fed diets with or without 2.0% DNE under thermoneutral (25 ± 1°C) or cyclical HT (35 ± 1°C for 8 h/day) conditions. Supplementation of DNE did not affect the growth performance of the chicks, but HT reduced their feed intake, the weights of breast muscle and heart. In addition, supplementation with DNE ameliorated the negative effects of cyclical HT on feed intake and breast muscle mass. Furthermore, cyclical HT increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and drip loss over 48 h of storage of the breast muscle, and these effects were ameliorated by DNE. Collectively, we conclude that dietary supplementation with DNE reduces the muscle MDA concentration and drip loss of broiler chickens kept under HT conditions.

DOI： 10.3389/fanim.2022.914772

Scopus

Language：English   Publisher：Japan Poultry Science Association  

<p>This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of dried neem (<i>Azadirachta indica</i>) leaf extract (DNE) on lipid peroxidation and the expression of genes encoding mRNAs in antioxidant enzymes in the pectoralis major muscle of chickens. A total of 24 male broiler chickens (ROSS308) were divided into three groups (<i>n</i>＝8) at 21 days of age. The control group of chickens was fed a basal diet, and the remaining two groups of chickens were fed a basal diet supplemented with DNE at a concentration of 0.5% or 2.0% until 35 days of age. Growth performance (body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio) and tissue weights did not differ among the three groups. The 2.0% DNE-supplemented diet decreased the muscle malondialdehyde content, a marker of lipid peroxidation, and drip loss compared to the control chickens. In addition, the expression of genes encoding mRNAs of antioxidant enzymes (i.e., Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, Mn-superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase 7, and catalase) were higher in the pectoralis major muscle of chickens fed the 2.0% DNE-supplemented diet than in the control chickens. Therefore, DNE supplementation increased the expression of genes encoding mRNAs in antioxidant enzymes and reduced lipid peroxidation and drip loss in the pectoralis major muscle of broiler chickens.</p>

DOI： 10.2141/jpsa.0200120

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CiNii Research

Language：Japanese   Publisher：Scientific Reports  

Eggs play important roles as food resources and nutraceuticals, to alleviate malnutrition and to improve health status in the world. Since free amino acids contribute to the nutritional values and food tastes, we investigated a total of 81 eggs from five chicken breeds, which are Australorp, Nagoya (NGY), Rhode Island Red (RIR), Shamo (SHA), Ukokkei, and two F1 hybrids (NGYxRIR and SHAxRIR) to test impact on genetic differences in 10 egg traits, 20 yolk amino acid traits, and 18 albumen amino acid traits. One-way ANOVA revealed significant breed effects on 10 egg traits, 20 yolk amino acid traits, and 15 albumen amino acid traits. Moreover, a significant heterosis effect on yolk aspartic acid was identified. In addition, positive correlations were found broadly among traits within each trait category (egg traits, yolk amino acid traits, and albumen amino acid traits), whereas there were basically no or weak correlations among the trait categories. These results suggest that almost all traits can be dramatically modified by genetic factor, and there will be partially independent production systems of amino acids into yolk and albumen. Since there will be typical quantitative genetic architecture of egg contents, further genetic analyses will be needed.

DOI： 10.1038/s41598-021-81660-3

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：PLoS ONE  

Chicken eggs play an important role as food resources in the world. Although genetic effects on yolk and albumen contents have been reported, the number of chicken genotypes analyzed so far is still limited. To investigate the effect of genetic background on 10 egg traits, 19 yolk amino acid traits, and 19 albumen amino acid traits, we evaluated a total of 58 eggs from five genotypes: two Japanese indigenous breeds (Ukokkei and Nagoya) and three hybrids (Araucana cross, Kurohisui, and Boris Brown) under a floor rearing system. One-way ANOVA revealed significant effects of genotype on 10 egg traits, 8 yolk amino acids (Asp, Glu, Ser, Gly, Thr, Tyr, Cys, and Leu), and 11 albumen amino acids (Asp, Glu, Asn, Ser, Gln, His, Ala, Tyr, Trp, Phe, and Ile) contents. Moderate to strong positive phenotypic correlations among traits within each trait category (size and weight traits, yolk amino acid traits, and albumen amino acid traits), whereas there were basically no or weak correlations among the trait categories. However, a unique feature was found in the Araucana cross indicating moderate positive correlations of amino acids between yolk and albumen. These results suggest that genetic factors can modify not only the size and weight of the egg and eggshell color but also yolk and albumen free amino acids contents.

DOI： 10.1371/journal.pone.0258506

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Language：Japanese   Publisher：Animal Science Journal  

To create high-quality eggs by using different breed and feed materials, we investigated free amino acid contents and taste sensor traits using two chicken breeds (Rhode Island Red; RIR and Australorp; AUS) fed two feeds (mixed and fermented feeds). Two-way ANOVA revealed significant breed and feed main and interaction effects on albumen bitterness and a significant interaction effect on yolk bitterness. Albumen from RIR fed mixed feed and AUS fed fermented feed was higher bitterness, whereas yolk from those groups was lower bitterness. Significant breed effects were detected in four albumen amino acid traits (His, Met, Ile, and Lys) and a yolk His, whereas significant feed effects were found in 15 albumen amino acid traits (Asp, Glu, Ser, His, Gly, Thr, Ala, Tyr, Val, Met, Trp, Ile, Leu, Lys, and Pro) and a yolk cystine trait. Compared to albumen amino acids, yolk amino acids had limited effects by breed and feed. The present results suggest that genetic and nutritional factors can alter not only amino acid contents but also sensor values of bitterness, indicating that selecting the combination of breed and feed enable us to make amino acids enriched and taste added designer eggs in future.

DOI： 10.1111/asj.13510

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Publishing type：Research paper, summary (national, other academic conference)  

J-GLOBAL

Event date： 2022

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Presentation type：Symposium, workshop panel (nominated)  

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Language：Japanese  

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