記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Innovation in Aging  

Background and Objectives: Advancing age might impair real-world navigation ability. The use of mobile devices by older adults has grown rapidly in recent years. Navigation applications (apps) in mobile devices may facilitate the freedom of outings for older adults. Our aim is to investigate age-related differences in real-world app-based navigation walking in terms of accuracy, efficiency, and gaze behavior; and to explore clinical factors associated with navigation walking in older adults. Research Design and Methods: A total of 20 community-dwelling older adults and 16 young adults completed a route navigation task using a navigation app while recording their gaze behavior. Outcomes were compared in both groups and a general linear regression was used to explore clinical factors associated with app-based navigation walk in older adults. Results: Compared with young participants, older participants had more stops and root errors and less fixation time, smaller amplitude of saccades. Additionally, older adults were more likely to glance at their smartphones while app-based navigation walking. Furthermore, gait speed and the following assessment scores were significantly associated with navigation walking in older adults: Mini-Mental State Examination, Life-Space Assessment, and the short version of the Mobile Device Proficiency Questionnaire. Discussion and Implications: For app-based navigation walks, differences in accuracy and gaze behavior were found to exist with age. Additionally, efficient real-world navigation walks in older adults require the extent of life space and proficiency with mobile devices, along with walking speed and cognitive function. It is possible that age-related functional decline, such as the visual field and shifting attention between mobile devices and the real world, may have influenced the results. The study also suggests the need to understand the level of proficiency with mobile devices so that older adults can continue to go out freely. These findings give the basis for providing older adults with appropriate navigation assistance. Translational Significance: Real-world navigation ability is known to decline with age. Many older adults are now using mobile devices, but little is known about their accuracy and gaze behavior while using navigation applications. Our study revealed that older participants exhibited more stops and errors, smaller saccade angles and fixation durations, and glanced at smartphones more frequently than younger participants during navigation tasks. Efficient navigation was associated not only with cognitive and physical function but also with life space and mobile device proficiency. Our findings provide valuable insights for enhancing the use of technology by older adults and improving their navigation in the real world.

DOI： 10.1093/geroni/igad108

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記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

垂水研究に参加した高齢者を対象として、墓参りと抑うつ症状およびアパシーとの関連を調べた。評価項目は高齢者うつ尺度、墓参りに関する項目(墓参りの有無、頻度、移動時間、移動手段、供花)などとした。高齢者を墓参状況により、頻繁群240名(週1回以上、平均74.9±6.4歳、女性170名)、不定期群346名(週1回未満、平均73.8±6.4歳、女性195名)、非墓参群52名(墓参せず、平均74.6±7.1歳、女性32名)に分けて検討した。その結果、非墓参群は墓参群と比較して、アパシー有病率が有意に高かった。潜在的共変量調整後のポアソン回帰分析の結果、非墓参群はアパシーと有意に関連していた。以上のように、高齢者において墓参りをしないこととアパシーには有意な関連があることが示された。

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Journal of the American Medical Directors Association  

Objectives: This study aimed to clarify the association between changes in satisfaction with meaningful activities and the occurrence of depressive symptoms before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Design: A population-based prospective cohort study (Tarumizu Study). Setting and Participants: A total of 231 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years without depressive symptoms at baseline. Methods: The participants completed baseline (June to December 2018, before the COVID-19 pandemic) and follow-up (September to December 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic) assessments. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and defined by a GDS-15 score of ≥5. Participants selected meaningful activities from the 95 activities included in the Aid for Decision-Making in Occupation Choice, and their satisfaction levels were evaluated. Satisfaction with the most meaningful activities was assessed as to whether it was maintained/improved or decreased at follow-up. Results: In the follow-up survey, 31 (14.3%) participants reported the occurrence of depressive symptoms. Compared with before the COVID-19 pandemic, the rates of meaningful activities during the COVID-19 pandemic decreased for interpersonal interaction and social life and increased for leisure, sports, self-care, and domestic life. Logistic regression analysis revealed that changes in satisfaction with meaningful activity were associated with the occurrence of depressive symptoms after adjusting for demographic variables, baseline GDS scores, cognitive and physical status, and instrumental activities of daily living (odds ratio, 2.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.17–6.59, P = .020). Conclusions and Implications: To avoid decreasing satisfaction with meaningful activities, supporting older adults may be protective against the occurrence of depressive symptoms. Our findings highlight the need for health care professionals to not only encourage older adults to participate in activities for their mental health but also consider whether the activities are meaningful or satisfying for them.

DOI： 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.03.010

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記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Healthcare (Switzerland)  

Evidence suggests that optimism has a positive impact on health status. Attentional bias modification (ABM) may be beneficial for enhancing optimism, but its effective application requires a detailed investigation of the association between attentional bias and optimism. This study aimed to determine the association between attentional bias and optimism based on different task types. Eighty-four participants completed the attentional bias measures using the dot-probe task (DPT), emotional visual search task (EVST) paradigms, and psychological assessments. Optimism was assessed using the Life Orientation Test-Revised with subscales for optimism and pessimism. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression analysis were applied to investigate the association between optimism and attentional bias. Neither the attentional bias derived from DPT nor EVST was significantly correlated with optimism total score or subscales. Regression analysis also showed no association between attentional bias and optimism (DPT, β = 0.12; EVST, β = 0.09), optimism subscales (DPT, β = 0.09; EVST, β = 0.17), or pessimism subscales (DPT, β = −0.10; EVST, β = 0.02). Our findings showed no evidence that attentional biases derived from either the DPT or EVST measures are associated with optimism or pessimism. Further studies are needed to effectively adapt the ABM to enhance optimism.

DOI： 10.3390/healthcare11040617

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PubMed

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Psychogeriatrics  

Background: It has been shown that involvement in religious activities has a positive impact on psychological aspects. In this study, the relationship between grave visitation, a standard religious activity in Japan, and depression and apathy symptoms was investigated among older adults in Japan. Methods: A total of 638 older adults who participated in a community-based health check survey (Tarumizu Study 2019) were interviewed regarding the presence or absence of grave visitation, frequency, travel time, means of transportation, and flower offerings. Apathy and depressive symptoms were measured using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15). The participants were categorised into three grave visitation groups, namely, frequent (more than once per week), occasional (less than once per week), and non-visiting. Outcomes were compared between the frequency groups, and Poisson regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between grave visitation frequency and apathy and depression. Results: Of the participants, 91.8% reported regular grave visitation. The non-visiting group had a significantly higher prevalence of apathy symptoms (44.2%) than the visiting groups. Furthermore, using the frequent group as the reference, Poisson regression analysis adjusted for potential covariates demonstrated that no grave visitation was significantly related to apathy (prevalence ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–2.05, P = 0.049). Conclusions: Not practising grave visitation was significantly related to apathy among older adults. Helping older adults to visit graves may prevent apathy by facilitating motivation and increasing activity.

DOI： 10.1111/psyg.12945

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PubMed

その他リンク： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/psyg.12945

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

地域在住高齢者を対象とした横断研究を実施し、主観的記憶障害を有する高齢者における冷蔵庫管理の意義について検討した。2020年9月～10月に鹿児島県在住の高齢者を対象に自記式質問紙調査を実施し、282名を解析対象とした。調査項目は主観的記憶障害の有無、初期認知症徴候観察リスト、冷蔵庫管理に関する質問などとした。高齢者を主観的記憶障害あり群74名、主観的記憶障害なし群192名に分けて検討した。その結果、主観的記憶障害あり群ではなし群と比較して、冷蔵庫管理ミスが有意に多かった(P=0.008)。主観的記憶障害あり群では主観的記憶障害なし群と比較して、「冷蔵庫に同じものがたくさんある/賞味期限が切れたものがある」「冷蔵庫に何が入っているかわからない」「冷蔵庫の中に必要なものが見つからない」の4項目で冷蔵庫管理に関するエラーが多くみられた。さらに、主観的記憶障害は「本人が冷蔵庫の中身を知らない」という項目と関連していた(OR 7.44、P=0.02)。以上のように、主観的記憶障害を有する高齢者では冷蔵庫管理に関していくつかの問題を抱えていることが示された。

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本老年社会科学会  

高齢者は認知機能の低下に伴い複雑な手段的日常生活活動(IADL)から障害され次第に基本的日常生活活動(BADL)に困難をきたす.主観的認知機能低下や軽度認知機能障害の段階においても服薬管理などのIADLが低下し,家電製品の使用に困難を有す.筆者らが開発した生活行為工程分析表は,生活行為を詳細に工程分析することにより,ADLの障害部分と残存部分を明らかにすることができる.たとえば,洗濯では「洗濯物をしまう」は障害されやすいが,「洗濯物を干す」「洗濯物を取りこむ・たたむ」といった手続き的記憶を活用できる工程では認知症の重度者でも残存しやすかった.生活行為工程分析に基づいた3ヵ月の目標指向的なリハビリテーションによって,IADL,とくに目標として多かった洗濯において介入効果が得られた.在宅での生活行為を詳細に分析することで支援ポイントが明確となり,環境への介入等によって認知機能は変化せずとも自立度を高める可能性が示された.また認知機能が低下しても残存する工程を生かすことで在宅生活の継続の一助となり得る.(著者抄録)

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health  

Older adults are more likely to have age-related sleep problems, which may result in the reduction of cognitive functions. This study was designed to examine the relationship between sleep onset problem and subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) among community-dwelling older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. In this study, 186 older adults aged 65 and above were enrolled and were instructed to respond to an online survey. This survey comprised questions regarding sleep quality (four items such as sleep duration, use of sleep medication), SCC (six domains), and sociodemographic information (eight items such as age, gender, stress condition). We classified the participants into two groups according to the presence or absence of sleep onset problem and examined the relationship between each SCC domain. The sleep onset problem (+) (n = 70) group had significantly higher frequency of scheduled memory decline, misplacement, disorientation in time, word recall decline, and forgetfulness. Furthermore, the sleep onset problem affected the participants’ scheduled memory after adjusted for potential covariates (OR, 2.28; 95%CI, 1.13–4.73; p = 0.02). Older adults with sleep onset problem may need to be evaluated for SCC and supported in term of both sleep status and SCC.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph20010156

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)北隆館  

主観的もの忘れを訴える高齢者の中には特定の生活行為に制限が生じている者がおり、その背景には視覚探索機能低下の影響が考えられる。そこで本稿では主観的もの忘れの時期から低下しやすい生活行為の特徴とそれらの生活行為と視線行動との関連性について著者らが行っている研究の一部を紹介する。(著者抄録)

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本作業療法研究学会  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health  

Patients with heart disease are more likely to experience social frailty due to physical inactivity, which may affect meaningful activities such as hobbies. This study aimed to investigate (1) the association between heart disease and social frailty in community-dwelling older adults and (2) the characteristics of meaningful activities in community-dwelling older adults with heart disease. Data from 630 older adults who participated in a community-based health survey were obtained, including clinical history, meaningful activities, social frailty and psychosomatic functions. Participants were divided into two groups: those with heart disease (n = 79) and those without (n = 551), and comparisons were made. Social frailty was observed in 23.7% of participants with heart disease, and logistic regression revealed significant associations with heart disease and social frailty after adjusting for potential covariates (OR, 1.97; 95% CI, 1.06 3.67; p = 0.032). Participants with heart disease did not differ significantly in terms of satisfaction or performance; their frequency of engagement in meaningful activities was significantly lower than without heart disease (p = 0.041). These results suggest that heart disease and social frailty are associated in community-dwelling older adults, and that this demographic is inclined to engage in meaningful activities less frequently.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph192215167

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記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)ワールドプランニング  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)ワールドプランニング  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)ワールドプランニング  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Psychogeriatrics  

Background: Impairment of activities of daily living in patients with dementia has a fundamental and lasting impact on their quality of life and requires a detailed assessment. This study investigated to clarify characteristic of basic activities of daily living (BADL) processes with the severity of cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults with dementia using the Process Analysis of Daily Activity for Dementia (PADA-D). Methods: Participants were recruited from outpatient departments of 24 hospitals, daycare centres, and home rehabilitation services in Japan. The severity of cognitive impairment was determined using the Mini-mental State Examination (mild: score ≥ 20; moderate: 10 ≤ score < 20; severe: score < 10). Patient's BADL were assessed according to the PADA-D by observation of the occupational therapist and interviews with family members. Basic information and the scores of BADL items of the PADA-D were compared between the three groups. Subsequently, we compared the percentage of independent or non-independent processes included in the sub-items of BADL in the PADA-D. Results: A total of 143 patients were included in the analysis. Performance on BADL was shown to decrease significantly with increasing severity of cognitive impairment. The percentage of all BADL processes performed ranged from 58% to 100% in mild, 38% to 97% in moderate, and 0% to 88% in severe. Some of the processes included in BADL of PADA-D showed no significant differences in independence between the three groups. Discussion/Conclusion: Most BADL processes differed with respect to different independence rates depending on the severity of cognitive impairment of the older adults with dementia. However, some BADL processes were not associated with the severity of cognitive impairment. Our findings may suggest that a detailed BADL assessment of patients with dementia is useful in terms of caregiver education to avoid excessive caregiving and in predicting BADL impairment.

DOI： 10.1111/psyg.12894

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PubMed

その他リンク： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/psyg.12894

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本認知症学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本認知症学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本認知症学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本作業療法士協会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本作業療法士協会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本作業療法士協会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本作業療法士協会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本作業療法士協会  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Psychogeriatrics  

Aim: Older adults with subjective memory complaints (SMC) may experience very minor difficulties in daily activities. Although caregivers and occupational therapists who support community-dwelling older adults are aware of the existence of characteristic behaviours related to refrigerator management, no specific studies have been conducted. This study aimed to examine the implications of refrigerator management for older adults with SMC. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was sent to 3000 randomly selected members of Consumer's Co-operative Kagoshima. Of the returned responses, a total of 282 older adults were analyzed. Analyzed subjects were divided into two groups: SMC (+) group (n = 74) and SMC (−) group (n = 192). A questionnaire was created by four occupational therapists and used to assess the characteristics of analyzed subjects and their abilities to manage the refrigerator. The observation list for early signs of dementia was also utilised. A multiple logistic analysis was performed to examine the association between SMC and refrigerator management. Results: The SMC (+) group had a significantly higher number of refrigerator management errors than the SMC (−) group (P = 0.008). The SMC (+) group had more errors than the SMC (−) group in the following four items regarding refrigerator management; the refrigerator has a lot of the same foods / expired food, the person does not know what's in the refrigerator, the person cannot find what he/she needs in the refrigerator. Moreover, SMC was associated with the item ‘the person does not know what is in the refrigerator’ (odds ratio 7.44, 95% CI 1.51–43.8, P = 0.02). Conclusions: Our results showed that older adults with SMC had several problems regarding refrigerator management. Evaluating refrigerator management among older adults with SMC may help consider multifaceted support.

DOI： 10.1111/psyg.12893

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PubMed

記述言語：英語   出版者・発行元：John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd  

地域在住高齢者におけるアパシーとフレイルとの横断的な関連について検討した。健康診断調査(垂水調査)に参加した地域在住高齢者882名(平均74.4±6.4歳、女性62.1%)を対象とした。アパシーはGeriatric Depression Scale-3Aで評価し、フレイルは基本チェックリスト(下位尺度;日常生活関連動作、運動器機能、低栄養状態、口腔機能、閉じこもり、認知機能)で評価した。その結果、209名(23.7%)でアパシーが認められた。交絡因子調整後の多項ロジスティック回帰分析の結果、アパシーはプレフレイルおよびフレイルと有意に関連していた。アパシーを有する高齢者では有さない高齢者と比較して、基本チェックリストの日常生活関連動作、運動器機能、口腔機能、認知機能に問題を呈する割合が有意に高かった。以上から、包括的なフレイル評価の重要性が示され、アパシーは老年期の健康に広範かつ有害な影響を及ぼす可能性が示唆された。

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本作業療法士協会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本作業療法士協会  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：International Psychogeriatrics  

Objectives: To clarify the characteristic of impaired and unimpaired Instrumental Activities of daily living (IADL) processes with the severity of cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults with Alzheimer's disease (AD) using the Process Analysis of Daily Activity for Dementia (PADA-D). Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: 13 medical and care centers in Japan. Participants: 115 community-dwelling older adults with AD. Methods: The severity of cognitive impairment was classified by Mini-Mental State Examination (20 ≥ mild group, 20 < moderate group ≥ 10, 10 < severe group), and IADL scores and eight IADL items in PADA-D were compared among three groups after adjusting for covariates. Rate of five feasible processes included in each IADL of PADA-D was compared. Results: IADL score showed a decrease in independence with the severity of AD except for Use modes of transportation and Managing finances, which was especially pronounced in Shopping (F = 25.58), Ability to use the telephone (F = 16.75), and Managing medication (F = 13.1). However, when the PADA-D was examined by process, some processes that were impaired and unimpaired with the severity of cognitive impairment were clear. For example, Plan a meal was impaired (ES = 0.29) with the severity, but Prepare the food was not in Cooking performance. Conclusions: We suggested that detailed process analysis in IADLs can clarify the characteristic of processes that are impaired and unimpaired with the severity of cognitive impairment in older adults with AD living in the community. Our findings may be useful for rehabilitation and care in IADL to continue living at home.

DOI： 10.1017/s1041610222000552

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記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Psychogeriatrics  

Background: Frailty is a multidimensional condition characterised by reduced physical and psychological resilience. Older adults also frequently demonstrate apathy, suggesting that it shares similar neuro-physiological pathways with frailty. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the association between apathy and frailty as defined by a comprehensive assessment. Methods: We analyzed 882 older adults (mean age: 74.4 ± 6.4 years; 62.1% female) who participated in a community-based health check survey (Tarumizu Study). Apathy was measured by the Geriatric Depression Scale-3A, a three-item subset of the Geriatric Depression Scale-15, and frailty by the Kihon Checklist of physical, psychological, functional, and social status. Associations were examined by multinomial logistic regression with frailty status (robust, pre-frailty, frailty) as the dependent variable, apathy as the independent variable, and sociodemographic factors, medications, cognitive function, functional capacity, and mood symptoms as potential confounders. Results: Apathy was observed in 23.7% of individuals, and logistic regression revealed significant associations with both pre-frailty and frailty after confounder adjustment (pre-frailty: odds ratio (OR) 1.80, 95% CI 1.22–2.64; frailty: OR 3.24, 95% CI 1.63–6.42). Participants with apathy also exhibited greater deficits in the Kihon Checklist subdomains instrumental activities of daily living (P = 0.022), physical function (P < 0.001), oral function (P < 0.001), and cognitive function (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Our findings underscore the importance of comprehensive frailty assessment and demonstrate that apathy can have pervasive deleterious effects on geriatric health.

DOI： 10.1111/psyg.12867

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その他リンク： https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full-xml/10.1111/psyg.12867

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(株)三輪書店  

＜文献概要＞本研究の目的は,地域在住高齢者が重要とする作業種目について,性別・年代別の特徴を大規模横断研究にて分析することである.地域コホート研究に参加した60〜89歳の高齢者のうち,重要な作業に関するデータが得られた1,002名を解析対象とした.作業選択意思決定支援ソフト(Aid for Decision-making in Occupation Choice:ADOC)を用いて,参加者が選択した最も重要な作業種目について,作業カテゴリ別に件数を集計し,χ2検定および残差分析を用いて性別と年代別の比較を行った.さらに,有意差がみられた作業カテゴリについて,具体的作業種目を集計した.その結果,女性は屋内活動や対人交流を含む作業を,男性は仕事や趣味活動を重要な作業としており,壮年期は仕事,超高齢期は社会活動を重要な作業としていた.これは,高齢化先進都市における地域在住高齢者の重要とする作業についての基礎的資料であり,性別や年齢を考慮した作業に基づく実践の重要性を示唆するものである.

その他リンク： https://search-tp.jamas.or.jp/index.php?module=Default&action=Link&pub_year=2022&ichushi_jid=J02304&link_issn=&doc_id=20220510110024&doc_link_id=10.11477%2Fmf.5001202973&url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.11477%2Fmf.5001202973&type=%88%E3%8F%91.jp_%83I%81%5B%83%8B%83A%83N%83Z%83X&icon=https%3A%2F%2Fjk04.jamas.or.jp%2Ficon%2F00024_2.gif

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics  

Objectives: This cross-sectional study investigates the associations among satisfaction with meaningful activities, and social frailty in community-dwelling Japanese older adults. Methods: We analyzed data from 596 older adults (mean age 74.2 ± 6.4 years, female 63.6%) who participated in the Tarumizu Study 2019, a community-based health survey. Participants selected meaningful activities from 95 activities using the Aid for Decision-Making in Occupation Choice (ADOC) tool. Satisfaction was evaluated from 1 to 5, and those who were assigned a rating of 4 or 5 were operationally classified as the high satisfaction group (n = 487), with others occupying the low satisfaction group (n = 109). Both groups were evaluated based on the ADOC, social frailty (Makizako's five items), physical function, depressive symptoms, cognitive function, and higher-level competence. Results: Of the 596 participants, 18.7% showed prevalence of social frailty. The low satisfaction group had a significantly higher prevalence of social frailty (low satisfaction 28.4% vs. high satisfaction 16.4%, P = 0.004) and depressive symptoms (low satisfaction 30.3% vs. high satisfaction 17.9%, P<0.01), and poor higher-level competence (P = 0.026) than the high satisfaction group. Logistic regression analysis showed that social frailty (Odds Ratio 1.78, 95% Confidence Interval 1.068–2.990, P = 0.027) was significantly associated with satisfaction with meaningful activity after adjusting for covariates. We found no significant differences in categories of meaningful activities between the low and high satisfaction groups (P = 0.549). Conclusions: This study suggested that social frailty was associated with satisfaction with meaningful activities, regardless of the degree or category of satisfaction.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archger.2022.104665

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：一般社団法人 日本老年療法学会  

<p>Healthy Aging（WHO）や世界的な作業療法の潮流を受け，個人にとって意味のある活動（Meaningful Activity; MA）を基にした作業療法実践が重要視されてきている。MAは「個人，集団，地域にとって個別的意味があり，納得のいく経験を促すために選択され，遂行される作業」と定義されているが，世界的なコンセンサスは得られていない。しかし，地域在住高齢者のMAを発掘し，MAに焦点を当てた実践によってIADLやQOLに効果があることが分かってきた。我々が取り組んでいる地域在住高齢者に対するMA調査においても，MAの満足度と抑うつやアパシーとは有意な関連があり，MAの満足度を高める支援が必要と考える。さらに，身体フレイルを有する高齢者は身体活動を，認知機能障害を有する高齢者は認知活動をそれぞれMAとして選択する割合が有意に低く，フレイルの各側面に応じてMAが影響を受けることも分かった。住み慣れた地域で自分らしく暮らし続けるためにMAに従事し満足できるよう，本人のできることを最大限に活かした作業療法を展開していきたい。</p>

DOI： 10.57270/jgts.2022_004

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics  

Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to clarify the association between physical and social frailty, cognitive impairment, and meaningful activity in older adults. Methods: Data were obtained from 747 older adults (mean age, 74.7 ± 6.2 years; women, 63.9%) who participated in a community-based health check survey (Tarumizu Study 2018). Physical frailty, cognitive impairment, and social frailty were evaluated using the Fried phenotype model (exhibiting one or more of the criteria, including having a pre-frailty status); computerized cognitive test including memory, attention, executive functions, and processing speed (having a score below an age-education adjusted reference threshold in one or more domains); and Makizako's 5 items (exhibiting one or more of the criteria, including having a pre-frailty status), respectively. Participants selected meaningful activities from the 95 activities included in the Aid for Decision-Making in Occupation Choice, after which their satisfaction and performance were evaluated. Meaningful activities were categorized into physical activity, cognitive activity, social activity, and other daily activity. Results: The physical frailty group was significantly less likely to choose physical activity over other activities (p < 0.05). The cognitive impairment group was significantly less likely to choose cognitive activity over other activities (p < 0.01). The multi-domain frailty group (including cognitive impairment) was significantly less likely to choose social activity over other activities (p < 0.05). No significant differences in satisfaction and performance were observed according to frailty status. Conclusions: Our findings indicated that physical and social frailty and cognitive impairment may affect participation in meaningful activities corresponding to these domains.

DOI： 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104616

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Healthcare (Switzerland)  

Background: The psychological condition and frequency of going out (FGO) of community-dwelling older adults after the spread of COVID-19 will provide insights for supporting the daily lives of community-dwelling older adults. Going out is defined as moving from one’s own home to a place or region beyond one’s own home and is considered to reflect the daily and social life of community-dwelling older adults. This study investigates the relationship between the FGO and current psychological condition after the second wave of COVID-19 in community-dwelling older adults in Japan. Methods: This study adopted a self-administered questionnaire by mail. A total of 493 members of CO-OP Kagoshima were included in the analysis and divided into two groups according to the change in FGO. Multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted after a bivariate analysis to investigate the relationship between the FGO and psychological condition. Results: Significant differences were noted between the groups with decreased FGO and those with increased/unchanged FGO in general and pandemic-related psychological condition. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between FGO and psychological condition, such as mental fatigue, not smiling as much as before, and anxiousness to go outside. Conclusion: Community-dwelling older adults may have experienced a decrease in the frequency of going out and a detrimental effect on their psychological condition after the COVID-19 pandemic. This finding may inform strategies to identify priorities for psychological approaches altered by COVID-19 to prevent confinement and stress in older adults.

DOI： 10.3390/healthcare10030439

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health  

The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to analyse the differences in meaningful activities and psychosomatic function depending on the driving status of community-dwelling older adults. Data from 594 older adults were obtained, including activities meaningful to individuals and psychosomatic functions, such as grip strength, depression, cognitive function, and ability of activity. Participants were divided into active driving (n = 549) and after driving cessation (n = 45) groups. In addition, the active driving group was operationally divided into three groups: high-frequency group (n = 387), medium group (n = 119), and infrequent group (n = 42). In the after driving cessation group, grip strength, and Japan Science and Technology Agency Index of Competence scores were significantly lower. Furthermore, the proportion of apathy and physical and social frailty was significantly higher in the after driving cessation group. Regarding meaningful activity, domestic life scores in the after driving cessation group were significantly higher than those of the active driving group. Decreased driving frequency in the active driving group was associated with weak muscle strength, lack of interest, and low activity. This study demonstrated that meaningful activity differed based on the driving status. Hence, we should support the activities of older adults who are considering driving cessation.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph182413270

Scopus

PubMed

出版者・発行元：三輪書店  

DOI： 10.11477/mf.5001202798

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本作業療法研究学会  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health  

Regular exercise may be associated with better self-rated health and sleep status. However, this correlation among various age groups, such as young, middle-aged, and older people, as well as during the COVID-19 pandemic, has not been examined. This study examined the correlation between regular exercise and self-rated health and sleep quality among adults in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected using an online survey conducted between February 26 and 27, 2021. A total of 1410 adults in Japan (age range, 20–86 years) completed the online survey. Regular exercise was divided into: (1) more than 30 min of moderate exercise a day, (2) more than 2 days per week, and (3) continuous for 1 year or longer. Self-rated health and sleep quality were assessed using the Likert scale. After adjusting for multiple confounders, regular exercise was correlated with decreased poor self-rated health and poor sleep quality in middle-aged adults; however, no significant correlation was observed among young and older adults. The promotion of regular exercise among middle-aged people during the COVID-19 pandemic may contribute to better self-rated health and sleep quality status.

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph181910515

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Gerontology  

Introduction: The ability to use everyday technology (ET) is becoming increasingly necessary for maintaining domestic and social lives. For older adults, difficulties with using ETs can begin at the mild cognitive impairment (MCI) state and may indicate increasing cognitive decline. The aim of this study was to conduct a detailed investigation into the ability to use ETs among Japanese older community-dwelling adults at 3 stages of cognitive function and the ability to carry out daily activities. Method: We analyzed family members' responses to questions about older adults with cognitive decline in their families. A total of 168 older adults with subjective memory complaints (SMC) or cognitive decline and inconvenience in daily life were analyzed. A questionnaire was used to assess the characteristics, ability to use ETs, and ability to manage refrigerator contents, all of which can be early signs of dementia. Participants were divided 3 groups by the type of dementia: SMC (n = 77), MCI (n = 36), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) (n = 55) for comparison. Result: The observation list of early signs of dementia (OLD) total score indicated a significant positive correlation with the number of ET errors (r = 0.37, p < 0.001) and number of difficulties with refrigerator management (r = 0.18, p = 0.031). Regarding number of ET errors, there was a significant main effect for the 3 groups, and the SMC group made significantly fewer errors than the AD group (p = 0.02). In 7 of the 11 ET categories, errors with using ETs were associated with all 3 groups, with the SMC group making fewer errors, and the AD group making more. Regarding difficulties with refrigerator management, 2 out of 9 problems were associated with the 3 groups, with the SMC group having fewer difficulties and the AD group having more. Discussion/Conclusion: The results indicated that the ability to use ETs and to manage refrigerator contents begins to decline at the SMC stage. Further evaluation of the ability to use ETs is needed for older adults with SMC so that adequate support in the context of the individual can be provided.

DOI： 10.1159/000518390

Scopus

PubMed

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本作業療法士協会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本作業療法士協会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本作業療法士協会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：(一社)日本作業療法士協会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本作業療法研究学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本作業療法研究学会  

記述言語：日本語   出版者・発行元：日本作業療法研究学会  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry  

Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to clarify the relationship between apathy, meaningful activities, and satisfaction with such activities of older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Methods: We analyzed 235 older adults with MCI (≥65 years, mean age: 76.9 ± 6.4 years, women: 63.4%) who participated in a community-based health check survey (Tarumizu Study 2018). MCI was defined as at least 1.5 SD below the reference threshold (age- and education-adjusted score) on one or more of the computerized cognitive test including memory, attention, executive functions, and processing speed. Apathy symptoms were assessed using three of the 15 items of Geriatric Depression Scale. Participants selected meaningful activities from the 95 activities of the Aid for Decision-Making in Occupation Choice and evaluated their satisfaction and performance. Results: Apathy in MCI was prevalent by 23.8%. The categories of meaningful activities revealed no difference, with, or without apathy. Logistic regression analysis showed that activity satisfaction was significantly associated with apathy after adjusting for age, sex, education, instrumental activities of daily living, depressive symptoms, and MCI subtype (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44–0.88, p = 0.008). Conclusions: Satisfaction with the activities that are deemed meaningful is associated with apathy among community-dwelling older adults with MCI.

DOI： 10.1002/gps.5544

Scopus

PubMed

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3390/jcm9051537

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：学位論文（博士）  

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph16142617

DOI： 10.3390/jcm9030795

PubMed

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）   出版者・発行元：Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra  

DOI： 10.1159/000506281

Web of Science

Scopus

PubMed

出版者・発行元：(株)ワールドプランニング  

今回筆者らは、地域在住の認知症者が自立した日常生活を送ることができるよう、必要とされる生活行為の具体化、および施行するリハビリテーションの焦点化を図ることを目的に、認知機能の低下に伴う各生活行為の障害を工程レベルで分析できる生活行為工程分析表(Process Analysis of Daily Activity for Dementia;PADA-D)を開発した。本研究では、地域在住の52人のアルツハイマー病(AD)患者を対象にPADA-Dを実施し、信頼性と妥当性を検討した。その結果、PADA-Dの総合得点およびIADL得点は、PSMS、Lawton IADL、HADLSと0.8以上の高い有意な相関が認められ、基準関連妥当性が確認された。また、Cronbachのα係数は、全体で0.96、BADLは0.94、IADLは0.90であり、高い内部一貫性が認められた。以上より、地域在住AD患者における生活行為工程分析表のADL観察評価としての有用性が示唆されたが、実用化に向けては他の信頼性、妥当性の検討が必要であると考えられた。(著者抄録)

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

DOI： 10.3390/ijerph16142617

出版者・発行元：(一社)日本作業療法士協会  

独居高齢者は孤立リスクや精神的不安を抱えており,自己の健康管理が必要との報告がある.本研究では要介護認定を受けた独居高齢者の生活実態と主観的健康観(以下,SRH)を調査した.対象者をSRHの高さで2群に分け比較したところ,年齢,情緒的・機能的支援者の有無,婚姻状況,IADLでGood SRH群の方が高値であった.要介護認定を受けた独居高齢者が生活を継続するにはADLが修正自立以上であり,良好なSRHを得るためには情緒的・機能的支援者がいて,IADLでは屋内家事は十分に,屋外家事もある程度行えることが重要である.作業療法士は独居高齢者の支援のために,ADL機能の変化,IADLの遂行頻度,情緒的・機能的支援者の状況の把握が必要である.(著者抄録)

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：英語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

担当区分：筆頭著者   記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

記述言語：日本語   掲載種別：研究論文（学術雑誌）  

J-GLOBAL

J-GLOBAL

J-GLOBAL

開催年月日： 2021年9月

記述言語：英語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催年月日： 2021年9月

開催年月日： 2021年9月

開催年月日： 2021年9月

開催年月日： 2021年9月

開催年月日： 2021年9月

開催年月日： 2020年9月 - 2020年10月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催年月日： 2020年9月 - 2020年10月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催年月日： 2020年9月 - 2020年10月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催年月日： 2020年9月 - 2020年10月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催年月日： 2019年9月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催年月日： 2019年9月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催年月日： 2019年6月

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

記述言語：日本語  

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：北海道  

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：北海道  

開催地：大分  

会議種別：口頭発表（一般）  

開催地：大分  

記述言語：日本語   会議種別：ポスター発表  

開催地：沖縄