Faculty Profiles - OHTSUKA Akira

Papers - OHTSUKA Akira

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Goto T. . Impact on genetic differences among various chicken breeds on free amino acid contents of egg yolk and albumen . Scientific Reports11 ( 1 ) 2270 2021.12

Goto T. . Analyses of free amino acid and taste sensor traits in egg albumen and yolk revealed potential of value-added eggs in chickens . Animal science journal = Nihon chikusan Gakkaiho92 ( 1 ) e13510 2021.1

Nakamura Kiriko, Shishido Mitsuki, Shimamoto Saki, Ogawa Goichiro, Khandelwal Nikhil, Tatsugawa Kenji, Fujita Yoshikazu, Ohtsuka Akira, Ijiri Daichi . Effects of Supplementation with Dried Neem Leaf Extract on Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Enzyme mRNA Expression in the Pectoralis Major Muscle of Broiler Chickens . The Journal of Poultry Science 2021

Publisher：日本家禽学会

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of dried neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract (DNE) on lipid peroxidation and the expression of genes encoding mRNAs in antioxidant enzymes in the pectoralis major muscle of chickens. A total of 24 male broiler chickens (ROSS308) were divided into three groups (n = 8) at 21 days of age. The control group of chickens was fed a basal diet, and the remaining two groups of chickens were fed a basal diet supplemented with DNE at a concentration of 0.5% or 2.0% until 35 days of age. Growth performance (body weight, weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio) and tissue weights did not differ among the three groups. The 2.0% DNE-supplemented diet decreased the muscle malondialdehyde content, a marker of lipid peroxidation, and drip loss compared to the control chickens. In addition, the expression of genes encoding mRNAs of antioxidant enzymes (i.e., Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, Mn-superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase 7, and catalase) were higher in the pectoralis major muscle of chickens fed the 2.0% DNE-supplemented diet than in the control chickens. Therefore, DNE supplementation increased the expression of genes encoding mRNAs in antioxidant enzymes and reduced lipid peroxidation and drip loss in the pectoralis major muscle of broiler chickens.

DOI： 10.2141/jpsa.0200120

Shimamoto S. . Effects of cyclic high ambient temperature and dietary supplementation of orotic acid, a pyrimidine precursor, on plasma and muscle metabolites in broiler chickens . Metabolites10 ( 5 ) 2020.5

Kawaguchi M. . Feeding the outer bran fraction of rice alters hepatic carbohydrate metabolism in rats . Nutrients12 ( 2 ) 2020.2

Kohrogi R. . Effects of delaying post-hatch feeding on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression in the pectoralis major muscle of newly hatched chicks . Animal Science Journal91 ( 1 ) e13327 2020.1

Kohrogi Rukana, Shimamoto Saki, Nakashima Kazuki, Sonoda Daichi, Ohtsuka Akira, Ijiri Daichi . 孵化後雛の大胸筋における脂質過酸化と抗酸化酵素mRNA発現に与える孵化後給餌遅延の影響(Effects of delaying post-hatch feeding on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression in the pectoralis major muscle of newly hatched chicks) . Animal Science Journal91 ( 1 ) 1 of 7 - 7 of 7 2020.1孵化後雛の大胸筋における脂質過酸化と抗酸化酵素mRNA発現に与える孵化後給餌遅延の影響(Effects of delaying post-hatch feeding on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression in the pectoralis major muscle of newly hatched chicks)

Nakashima Kazuki, Ishida Aiko, Shimamoto Saki, Ijiri Daichi, Ohtsuka Akira . Insulin Stimulation of Protein Synthesis and mTOR Signaling in Chick Myotube Cultures . The Journal of Poultry Science57 ( 3 ) 205 - 209 2020

Publisher：日本家禽学会

Insulin stimulates protein synthesis in skeletal muscles. Protein synthesis is controlled by the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in skeletal muscles. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of insulin on protein synthesis and mTOR signaling in chick myotube cultures. Chick myotubes were incubated with insulin (1 µg/ml) for 1 h. Protein synthesis, measured using the surface sensing of translation method, was significantly increased by insulin. The phosphorylation of AKT (Thr308 and Ser473), p70 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (S6K1, Thr389), S6 ribosomal protein (Ser235/236), and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1, Thr37/46) was also significantly increased by insulin. These results suggest that insulin stimulates protein synthesis via mTOR signaling (phosphorylation of AKT, S6K1, S6 ribosomal protein, and 4E-BP1) in chick myotube cultures.

DOI： 10.2141/jpsa.0190082

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Zhang X. . Evaluation of effects of the dry-heat-processed sweet potato waste as broiler feed . Animal Science Journal90 ( 11 ) 1468 - 1474 2019.11

Shimamoto S. . Insulin acutely increases glucose transporter 1 on plasma membranes and glucose uptake in an AKT-dependent manner in chicken adipocytes . General and Comparative Endocrinology283 113232 2019.11

El-Deep M.H. . Dietary Moringa oleifera improves growth performance, oxidative status, and immune related gene expression in broilers under normal and high temperature conditions . Journal of Thermal Biology82 157 - 163 2019.5

Inoue H. . Effects of astaxanthin-rich dried cell powder from Paracoccus carotinifaciens on carotenoid composition and lipid peroxidation in skeletal muscle of broiler chickens under thermo-neutral or realistic high temperature conditions . Animal Science Journal90 ( 2 ) 229 - 236 2019.2

大小田勉，井之上弘樹，高橋宏敬，喜田克憲，多田司，井尻大地，大塚彰 . 官能評価と理化学検査数値から見るかごしま黒豚の肉質特性 . 日本暖地畜産学会報62 ( 1 ) 17 - 24 2019官能評価と理化学検査数値から見るかごしま黒豚の肉質特性Reviewed

張暁霄, 張煜坤, 井尻大地, 神田享志, 大塚彰 . ブロイラーの成育成績および肉質に及ぼす加熱乾燥サツマイモ加工残さ給与の影響 . 日本暖地畜産学会報62 ( 2 ) 107 - 114 2019

Publisher：日本暖地畜産学会

本研究ではブロイラー用飼料としての加熱乾燥サツマイモ加工残さ（D-SPW）の栄養評価を行った．生のサツマイモ加工残さを加熱真空乾燥（72℃，6 時間，絶対圧 15 kpa）して D-SPW を調製した．14 日齢の雄ブロイラー 16 羽を対照区および D-SPW 区に分け，トウモロコシおよび大豆粕を主原料とする前期飼料（14 〜 28 日齢；CP，20％；ME，13.0 MJ/kg）および後期飼料（29 〜42 日齢；CP，18％；ME，13.0 MJ/kg）を自由摂取させた．D-SPW 区のブロイラーには，前期および後期飼料にそれぞれ 28.4％および 25.5％の D-SPW を配合して与えた．D-SPW 区のブロイラーの栄養素の代謝能力は，脂質を除いて，対照区より低かったが，全期間の成育成績に区間差はなかった．浅胸筋および大腿筋の pH は死後 1 および 48 時間で，D-SPW 区が対照区よりも高い値を示した．浅胸筋，大腿筋および腹腔内脂肪の黄色度は D-SPW 区が対照区より低い値を示し，黄色度が最も D-SPW の影響を受けやすいことが示された．明度および赤色度に対する D-SPW の影響は限定的であった．浅胸筋および大腿筋の脂質含量は，D-SPW 区が対照区より高い値を示した．以上より D-SPW は，トウモロコシの部分的な代替に適したブロイラー用の飼料資材であるが，脂肪含量が高くて黄色度の低い鶏肉が生産されることが示された．

DOI： 10.11461/jwaras.62.107

OHKODA Tsutomu, INOUE Hiroki, TAKAHASHI Hironori, YOSHIDA Katsunori, TADA Osamu, IJIRI Daichi, OHTSUKA Akira . Meat Quality Characteristics of the Kagoshima Berkshire Pig Evaluated by Sensory Evaluation and Physical and Chemical Analyses . Nihon Danchi Chikusan Gakkaihou62 ( 1 ) 17 - 24 2019

Publisher：Warm Regional Society of Animal Science, Japan

Sensory evaluation and physical and chemical analyses were performed using loin meats of Kagoshima Berkshire （BB） pigs, domestic three-way cross（ LWD） pigs, and Canadian-imported LWD（ LWDc） pigs. We compared the results of physical and chemical analyses and their correlations with the results of the sensory evaluation. Both BB and LWD pig meat that received a high evaluation score for "favorite scent" in the sensory evaluation was characterized by many odorous substances. BB pig meat received high evaluation scores for "ease of shearing" and "ease of chewing" in the sensory evaluation. BB pig meat had higher water-holding capacity than LWDc pig meats. The relative concentrations of free glutamic acid, which produces umami taste, and those of threonine, proline, and alanine, all of which produce sweet taste, were significantly high in BB pig meat. In the fatty acid composition of backfat, the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids was low in BB pig meat. BB pig meat obtained higher score of overall sensory evaluation than LWD and LWDc pig meats. These results demonstrate that BB pig meat is soft and juicy, rich in taste-related amino acids, and low in polyunsaturated fatty acids and has many odorous substances and high water-holding capacity.

DOI： 10.11461/jwaras.62.17

Shimamoto S. . The β<inf>2</inf>-adrenergic receptor is involved in differences in the protein degradation level of the pectoral muscle between fast- and slow-growing chicks during the neonatal period . General and Comparative Endocrinology267 45 - 50 2018.10

Enomoto H. . Distribution Analysis of Anthocyanins, Sugars, and Organic Acids in Strawberry Fruits Using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Imaging Mass Spectrometry . Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry66 ( 19 ) 4958 - 4965 2018.5

IJIRI Daichi, HOZO Naoki, SHIMAMOTO Saki, KAWAGUCHI Mana, FURUKAWA Airi, TADA Osamu, TOMONAGA Shozo, NAKASHIMA Kauzki, OHTSUKA Akira . Effects of delayed feeding on lipid peroxidation, drip losses, color, and taste of chicken breast meat . Nihon Chikusan Gakkaiho89 ( 2 ) 191 - 198 2018

Publisher：Zootechnical Science Society of Japan

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of delayed feeding for 2 days post hatching period on lipid peroxidation, drip losses, color, and taste of chicken breast meat. Twelve newly hatched chicks (0 day of age) were randomly divided into two groups (control and delayed feeding group). The control group of chicks was fed ad libitum from 0 day of age, while the delayed feeding group of chicks was fed ad libitum from 2 days of age after fasting for 2 days post hatching. When the chicks reached an average body weight of 2.2kg, they were slaughtered. Although delayed feeding prolonged feeding period for 5 days, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and carcass yield were not significantly different between these 2 groups. The delayed feeding group of broiler chickens showed increases in drip losses and lipid peroxidation accompanied by decreased mRNA expression of antioxidant enzymes and α-tocopherol concentration in their breast muscle. In addition, meat color of breast muscle was affected by delayed feeding, i.e., redness (a*) of the breast muscle of the delayed feeding group of broiler chickens was decreased, while its lightness (L*) was increased compared with those of the control broiler chickens. The metabolomic analysis of the breast muscle of broiler chickens showed that 12 metabolites, including taste components (e.g., glucose, glycine, and hydroxyproline), were different between the two groups. Furthermore, taste sensor evaluation suggested umami taste in the breast muscle of the delayed feeding group of broiler chickens were lower compared with those of control chickens. These results suggest that delayed feeding for 2 days post hatching period affected lipid peroxidation, drip losses, color, and taste component of breast meat of broiler chickens.

DOI： 10.2508/chikusan.89.191

Shimamoto S. . β<inf>1</inf>- and β<inf>2</inf>-adrenergic receptor stimulation differ in their effects on PGC-1α and atrogin-1/MAFbx gene expression in chick skeletal muscle . Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -Part A : Molecular and Integrative Physiology211 1 - 6 2017.9

Ijiri D. . Effects of first exogenous nutrients on the mRNA levels of atrogin-1/MAFbx and GLUT1 in the skeletal muscles of newly hatched chicks . Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -Part A : Molecular and Integrative Physiology205 8 - 14 2017.3

Nakashima Kazuki, Ishida Aiko, Shimamoto Saki, Ijiri Daichi, Ohtsuka Akira . Effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Ⅰ on the Expression of Atrogin-1/MAFbx in Chick Myotube Cultures . 日本家禽学会誌54 ( 3 ) 247 - 252 2017

Publisher：日本家禽学会

The expression of atrogin-1/MAFbx, a muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase, is increased in catabolic conditions that result in muscle atrophy. The expression of atrogin-1/MAFbx mRNA is also decreased by the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in mammalian skeletal muscle cell cultures. This study investigated the effect of IGF-I on the expression of atrogin-1/MAFbx in chicken skeletal muscle cell cultures. Chick myotubes were incubated with IGF-I for 1, 6, or 24 h. Protein content was increased by IGF-I (100 ng/ml) and incubated for 24 h in chick myotubes. The expression of atrogin-1/MAFbx mRNA decreased in the presence of IGF-I (1, 10, and 100 ng/ml) for 6 h in chick myotubes. The expression of the m-calpain large subunit and cathepsin B mRNA was not decreased by IGF-I. Phosphorylation of Akt and FOXO1 increased in the presence of IGF-I (100 ng/ml) for 1 h in chick myotubes. These results indicate that IGF-I suppresses atrogin-1/MAFbx mRNA expression by phosphorylation of Akt and FOXO1, resulting in an increase in muscle growth in chick myotube cultures.

DOI： 10.2141/jpsa.0160141

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Yoshida S. . Effect of dietary fermented mushroom bed on egg production in laying hens . Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry81 ( 11 ) 2204 - 2208 2017

OHKODA Tsutomu, YOSHIDA Katsunori, OHTSUKA Akira . Approaches to Raising the Percentages of Top-Grade Carcasses of Kagoshima Berkshire Pigs by Controlling Backfat Thickness . Nihon Yoton Gakkaishi54 ( 4 ) 168 - 176 2017

Publisher：The Japanese Society of Swine Science

In a large-scale survey regarding 46,724 Berkshire pig carcasses and 342,787 other pig carcasses conducted at two slaughterhouses in Kagoshima prefecture, the percentage of top-grade Berkshire pig carcasses (52%) was lower than that of other pig carcasses (60%) because of excessive backfat thickness (Berkshire pig, 28%;other pig, 13%). In the first experiment, the effect of sex (barrow and gilt) on the backfat thickness of Kagoshima Berkshire pigs raised under restricted feeding conditions was investigated. The backfat thickness of barrow carcasses was thicker than that of gilt carcasses. In the second experiment, the effects of the feeding method and sex on carcass evaluation were investigated to establish a management method of controlling the backfat thickness of Kagoshima Berkshire pigs in the late fattening stage on pig farms. Ninety pigs were assigned to three dietary treatment groups:intermittent feeding on a 76% total digestible nutrients (TDN76%) diet (I-T76) from 80 kg of body weight, restricted feeding on a TDN76% diet (R-T76) from 70kg of body weight, and restricted feeding on a TDN70% diet (R-T70) from 70kg of body weight. Each dietary treatment group consisted of three subgroups:barrow (n＝10), gilt (n＝10), and mixed (barrow, n＝5 and gilt, n＝5). In the barrow subgroups, the percentages of lower-grade carcasses due to excessive backfat thickness in the I-T76, R-T76, and R-T70 groups were 80%, 76%, and 50%, respectively. On the other hand, in the mixed subgroups, the percentages of lower-grade carcasses in the I-T76, R-T76, and R-T70 groups were 20%, 10%, and 10%, respectively. In the barrow subgroups, the percentages of top-grade carcasses in the I-T76, R-T76, and R-T70 groups were 20%, 33%, and 50%, respectively. On the other hand, in the mixed subgroups, the percentages of top-grade carcasses in the I-T76, R-T76, and R-T70 groups were 80%, 80%, and 70%, respectively. In all dietary treatment groups, the backfat thickness in the barrow subgroups were significantly thicker than those in the gilt subgroups. In the mixed subgroups, however, there were no differences in the backfat thickness between barrow and gilt. These results suggested that the mixed rearing of barrow and gilt, switching feed as early, and lowering TDN content of the feed for the late fattening stag are effective management methods raising the percentage of top-grade carcass of Kagoshima Berkshires pigs by suppressing excessive backfat thickness.

DOI： 10.5938/youton.54.4_168

Ijiri D. . Single injection of clenbuterol into newly hatched chicks decreases abdominal fat pad weight in growing broiler chickens . Animal Science Journal87 ( 10 ) 1298 - 1303 2016.10

Matsubara T. . The effects of acute cold exposure on morphology and gene expression in the heart of neonatal chicks . Journal of Comparative Physiology B: Biochemical, Systemic, and Environmental Physiology186 ( 3 ) 363 - 372 2016.4

Nakashima K. . Effect of dexamethasone on the expression of atrogin-1/MAFbx in chick skeletal muscle . Animal Science Journal87 ( 3 ) 405 - 410 2016.3

Shimamoto S. . Clenbuterol changes phosphorylated FOXO1 localization and decreases protein degradation in the sartorius muscle of neonatal chicks . Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry80 ( 8 ) 1499 - 1504 2016

El-Deep Mahmoud H., Ijiri Daichi, Ebeid Tarek A., Ohtsuka Akira . Effects of Dietary Nano-Selenium Supplementation on Growth Performance, Antioxidative Status, and Immunity in Broiler Chickens under Thermoneutral and High Ambient Temperature Conditions . 日本家禽学会誌53 ( 4 ) 274 - 283 2016

Publisher：日本家禽学会

The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of nano-selenium on growth performance, antioxidative status, and immune function in broiler chickens reared under thermoneutral (22±1°C) or high ambient temperature (35±1°C) conditions. Thirty-six broiler chicks at 15d old were randomly divided into 6 treatments in a 3×2 factorial design. The main factors included the dietary supplementation (basal diet without Se supplementation [control], basal diet with 0.3 mg of nano-elemental Se per kilogram of diet [nano-Se], and basal diet with 0.3 mg of sodium selenite per kilogram of diet [SSe]) and the ambient temperature challenge (22±1°C or 35±1°C). The birds were given the experimental diets from 15 to 30 d of age. High ambient temperature significantly depressed body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, breast muscle weight, and abdominal fat weight, while feeding nano-Se clearly alleviated these negative effects of high ambient temperature. In addition, feeding nano-Se increased glutathione peroxidase mRNA expression in liver and alleviated the negative effects of high ambient temperature via reducing the malondialdehyde content in liver and breast muscle. Furthermore, feeding nano-Se increased mRNA expression of cytokine genes (interleukins 2 and 6) under both thermoneutral and high ambient temperature conditions. Under both thermoneutral and high-temperature conditions, broiler chickens fed nano-Se had higher Se and vitamin E concentrations in breast muscle than broiler chickens fed the control diet. In contrast, feeding SSe at the same dose as nano-Se did not alleviate the negative effects of high ambient temperature on broiler chickens. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with nano-Se at 0.3 mg/kg diet might enhance growth performance by improving antioxidative or immune properties in broilers reared under high ambient temperature.

DOI： 10.2141/jpsa.0150133

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Shimamoto S. . Gene expression pattern of glucose transporters in the skeletal muscles of newly hatched chicks . Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry80 ( 7 ) 1382 - 1385 2016

Saleh A. . Effect of feeding Aspergillus awamori and canola seed on the growth performance and muscle fatty acid profile in broiler chicken . Animal Science Journal86 ( 3 ) 305 - 311 2015.3

Ishimaru Y. . Single injection of the β<inf>2</inf>-adrenergic receptor agonist, clenbuterol, into newly hatched chicks alters abdominal fat pad mass in growing birds . General and Comparative Endocrinology211 9 - 13 2015.1

Ijiri D. . Effects of feeding outer bran fraction of rice on lipid accumulation and fecal excretion in rats . Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry79 ( 8 ) 1337 - 1341 2015

Saleh A. . Beneficial effects of Aspergillus awamori in broiler nutrition . World's Poultry Science Journal70 ( 4 ) 857 - 864 2014.11

Ijiri D. . The effects of intraperitoneal clenbuterol injection on protein degradation and myostatin expression differ between the sartorius and pectoral muscles of neonatal chicks . General and Comparative Endocrinology206 111 - 117 2014.9

Mahmoud H. El-Deep, Daichi Ijiri, Yahya Z. Eid, Hisaya Yamanaka and Akira Ohtsuka . Effects of dietary supplementation with Aspergillus awamori on growth performance and antioxidative status of broiler chickens exposed to high ambient temperature . Journal of Poultry Science51 ( 3 ) 281 - 288 2014.6Effects of dietary supplementation with Aspergillus awamori on growth performance and antioxidative status of broiler chickens exposed to high ambient temperatureReviewed

Toshiaki Kakimoto, Akira Otsuka, Hiroaki Kawaguchi, Kenji Ogata, Akihide Tanimoto and Hiroaki Kanouchi. . Plasma homocysteine concentrations in a novel Microminipig . in vivo28 579 - 582 2014.5Plasma homocysteine concentrations in a novel MicrominipigReviewed

津末成太和、山中喜矢、井尻大地、神田享志、大塚彰 . ニワトリ用配合飼料としての減圧乾燥食品残さ . 日本暖地畜産学会会報57 ( 1 ) 6 - 16 2014.3 ニワトリ用配合飼料としての減圧乾燥食品残さReviewed

El-Deep Mahmoud H., Ijiri Daichi, Eid Yahya Z., Yamanaka Hisaya, Ohtsuka Akira . Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Aspergillus Awamori on Growth Performance and Antioxidative Status of Broiler Chickens Exposed to High Ambient Temperature . 日本家禽学会誌51 ( 3 ) 281 - 288 2014

Publisher：日本家禽学会

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with Aspergillus awamori on the growth performance and antioxidative status in male broiler chickens exposed to high ambient temperatures. Twenty-four 15-d-old male broiler chickens were randomly divided into 2 dietary groups fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented without or with 0.05% of Asp. awamori. Six birds of each dietary group were kept under a thermoneutral condition (22°C), and 6 birds were exposed to heat stress (35°C, 9 h/d) for 15 d. Dietary Asp. awamori decreased feed intake and improved the feed conversion ratio in chickens kept at 22°C. Body weight gain and feed intake were decreased in chickens exposed to heat stress. There was no beneficial effect of dietary Asp. awamori on growth performance under the heat stress condition. However, the malondialdehyde content in skeletal muscle, as an index of lipid peroxidation, was decreased by dietary Asp. awamori in chickens kept at 22°C. Although the malondialdehyde content increased under the heat stress condition, dietary Asp. awamori alleviated the increased malondialdehyde. In addition, the α-tocopherol content in skeletal muscle was negatively affected by the exposure to heat stress, and dietary Asp. awamori recovered the reduction in the α-tocopherol content. Moreover, mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase in liver was increased by dietary Asp. awamori under both of the thermal conditions. In conclusion, this study shows that dietary Asp. awamori improves the diminished antioxidative status under the heat stress condition partially because of its effect on the expression of hepatic antioxidant enzymes in broilers.

DOI： 10.2141/jpsa.0130154

Saleh A. . Effects of summer shield supplementation on growth performance, nutrient utilisation, and plasma lipid profiles in broiler chickens . Veterinarni Medicina59 ( 11 ) 536 - 542 2014

El-Deep M. . Effects of dietary supplementation with Aspergillus Awamorion growth performance and antioxidative status of broiler chickens exposed to high ambient temperature . Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery51 ( 3 ) 281 - 288 2014

Daichi Ijiri, Shogo Nakamura, Kenji Tatsugawa, Satoru Ijiri and Akira Ohtsuka. . Effects of feeding dried concentrated rice-washing water on growth performance and skeletal muscle lipid peroxidation in broiler chickens . Journal of Poultry Science50 ( 4 ) 370 - 374 2013.10Effects of feeding dried concentrated rice-washing water on growth performance and skeletal muscle lipid peroxidation in broiler chickensReviewed

Saleh Ahmed A., Hayashi Kunioki, Ohtsuka Akira . Synergistic Effect of Feeding Aspergillus Awamori and Saccharomyces Cerevisiae on Growth Performance in Broiler Chickens; Promotion of Protein Metabolism and Modification of Fatty acid Profile in the Muscle . The journal of poultry science50 ( 3 ) 242 - 250 2013.7

Publisher：日本家禽学会

This study was conducted to examine the effects of a combined in-feed supplementation of Aspergillus awamori and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth and muscle protein metabolism and fatty acid profiles in broilers. Chicks (15 d old) were fed a basal diet as control, diets supplemented with 0.05% A. awamori, 0.10% S. cerevisiae, or a combination of both (7 birds/group) for 12 days. Growth of the birds was promoted by all treatments. Synergistic effects of A. awamori and S. cerevisiae were observed on body weight gain and feed conversion, breast muscle weight, and digestibility of dietary protein. Plasma 3-methylhistidine concentrations were decreased by A. awamori and S. cerevisiae, and synergistically by the combination. Gene expressions of proteolysis-related factors in muscle were reduced by all treatments. Conversely, mRNA expressions of myosin and actin were synergistically increased by the combination. Abdominal fat and plasma triglycerides were decreased by A. awamori and the combination, but not by S. cerevisiae, while muscle fat content was increased by all treatments. Interestingly, there was a decrease in saturated fatty acids and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids in muscle in all treatment groups. This change in fatty acid profile was partially related to mRNA expression of delta-6 fatty acid desaturase in the muscle. In conclusion, the combined supplementation of A. awamori and S. cerevisiae synergistically improves growth performance by promoting muscle protein metabolism. In addition, A. awamori and S. cerevisiae modify the muscle fatty acid profile.

DOI： 10.2141/jpsa.0120153

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Saleh A. . Aspergillus awamori feeding modifies lipid metabolism in rats . BioMed Research International2013 594393 2013.7

Ahmed A. Saleh, Kunioki Hayashi, and Akira Ohtsuka . Synergistic effect of feeding Aspergillus awamori and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance in broiler chickens; promotion in protein metabolism and modification in fatty acid profile in the muscle . Journal of Poultry Science50 ( 3 ) 242 - 250 2013.7Synergistic effect of feeding Aspergillus awamori and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on growth performance in broiler chickens; promotion in protein metabolism and modification in fatty acid profile in the muscleReviewed

Ijiri D. . Role of prolactin-like protein (PRL-L) in cold-induced increase of muscle mass in chicks . General and Comparative Endocrinology186 94 - 100 2013.6

Daichi Ijiri, Kanae Ishitani, Tomoko Matsubara, Miho Hirabayashi, Yukio Kanai, and Akira Ohtsuka . In vivo administration of β2-agonist clenbuterol and subsequent increase in skeletal muscle mass in neonatal chicks . Journal of Poultry Science, 50, 150-157 (2013)50 150 - 157 2013.6In vivo administration of β2-agonist clenbuterol and subsequent increase in skeletal muscle mass in neonatal chicksReviewed

Ijiri Daichi, Ishitani Kanae, Matsubara Tomoko, HIRABAYASHI Miho, KANAI Yukio, OHTSUKA Akira . In vivo Administration of β₂-agonist Clenbuterol and Subsequent Increase in Skeletal Muscle Mass in Neonatal Chicks . The journal of poultry science50 ( 2 ) 150 - 154 2013.4

Publisher：日本家禽学会

In this study, the effect of β2-agonist clenbuterol administration was investigated in chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) at 6 days of age. Chicks were given single subcutaneous administration of clenbuterol dissolved in saline at a concentration of 1 mg/kg body weight. Twenty-four hours after clenbuterol administration, the ratio of skeletal muscle weight to body weight was increased in chicks treated with clenbuterol, while their body and heart weight were not affected. Although expressions of IGF-I and myostatin mRNA were not changed, the expression of atrogin-1/MAFbx mRNA was significantly decreased by clenbuterol administration. This observation suggested that administration of clenbuterol to neonatal chicks might increase the proportion of muscle mass to body mass. And the decreased expression of atrogin-1/MAFbx might be involved in the growth of skeletal muscle of chicks treated with clenbuterol.

DOI： 10.2141/jpsa.0120120

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Daichi Ijiri, Asami Higuchi, Akito Saegusa, Moe Miura, Tomoko Matsubara, Yukio Kanai, Akira Ohtsuka, Miho Hirobayashi. . Role of prolactin-like protein (PRL-L) in cold-induced increase of muscle mass in chicks . General and Comparative Endocrinology186 94 - 100 2013.3Role of prolactin-like protein (PRL-L) in cold-induced increase of muscle mass in chicksReviewed

Tomomi Kamizono, Akira Ohtsuka, Fumio Hashimoto, Kunioki Hayashi. . Dibutoxybutane suppresses protein degradation and promotes growth in cultured chicken muscle cells . Journal of Poultry Science50 ( 1 ) 37 - 43 2013.2Dibutoxybutane suppresses protein degradation and promotes growth in cultured chicken muscle cellsReviewed

Kamizono Tomomi, Ohtsuka Akira, Hashimoto Fumio, HAYASHI Kunioki . Dibutoxybutane Suppresses Protein Degradation and Promotes Growth in Cultured Chicken Muscle Cells . The journal of poultry science50 ( 1 ) 37 - 43 2013.1

Ahmed A. Saleh, Akira Ohtsuka, Masahiro Yamamoto, Kunioki Hayashi. . Aspergillus awamori feeding modifies lipid metabolism in rats . Biomedical Research International2013 ( online ) 2013.1Aspergillus awamori feeding modifies lipid metabolism in ratsReviewed

Saleh A. . The modification of the muscle fatty acid profile by dietary supplementation with Aspergillus awamori in broiler chickens . British Journal of Nutrition108 ( 9 ) 1596 - 1602 2012.11

Saleh A. . Feeding Aspergillus awamori reduces skeletal muscle protein breakdown and stimulates growth in broilers . Animal Science Journal83 ( 8 ) 594 - 598 2012.8

Ahmed A. Saleh, Yahya Z. Eid, Tarek A. Ebeid, Akira Ohtsuka, Masahiro Yamamoto, Kunioki Hayashi. . Feeding Aspergillus awamori reduces skeletal muscle protein breakdown and stimulates growth in broiler. . Animal Science Journal 2012.1Feeding Aspergillus awamori reduces skeletal muscle protein breakdown and stimulates growth in broiler. Reviewed

Ahmed A. Saleh, Yahya Z. Eid, Tarek A. Ebeid, Akira Ohtsuka, Kumiko Hioki, Masahiro Yamamoto, Kunioki Hayashi. . The modification of the muscle fatty acid profile by dietary supplementation with Aspergillus awamori in broiler chickens. . British Journal of Nutrition 1 - 7 2012.1The modification of the muscle fatty acid profile by dietary supplementation with Aspergillus awamori in broiler chickens.Reviewed

Saleh Ahmed A., Eid Yahya Z., Ebeid Tarek A., KAMIZONO Tomomi, OHTSUKA Akira, HAYASHI Kunioki . Effects of Feeding Aspergillus Awamori and Aspergillus Niger on Growth Performance and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens . The journal of poultry science48 ( 3 ) 201 - 206 2011.7

Ohtsuka Akira, Kawatomi Noriko, Nakashima Kazuki, ARAKI Taro, HAYASHI Kunioki . Gene Expression of Muscle-Specific Ubiquitin Ligase, Atrogin-1/MAFbx, Positively Correlates with Skeletal Muscle Proteolysis in Food-Deprived Broiler Chickens . The journal of poultry science48 ( 2 ) 92 - 96 2011.4

Publisher：日本家禽学会

A relationship between skeletal muscle proteolysis and mRNA expression of atrogin-1/MAFbx, a muscle-specific ubiquitin ligase, was examined in food-deprived broiler chickens. In response to food deprivation for 24 and 48h, body and muscle weights decreased in a time-dependent manner. Muscle free Nτ-methylhistidine content, an index of myofibrillar proteolysis, was 1.8-fold and 2.5-fold greater than that of fed controls following 24 and 48h of food deprivation, respectively. Gene expression of atrogin-1/MAFbx drastically increased in response to food deprivation in a time-dependent manner. At 48h of food deprivation, the induction of atrogin-1/MAFbx mRNA expression level elevated up to 20-fold greater than that of fed controls. By contrast, mRNA expression levels of 20S proteasome C1 and C2 subunits tended to decrease with time. No significant difference was seen in the change of ubiquitin mRNA expression. A highly significant linear negative relationship (r2=0.754, P<0.001) was found between atrogin-1/MAFbx expression and muscle mass, while a highly significant linear positive relationship (r2=0.784, P<0.001) was found between atrogin-1/MAFbx expression and muscle free Nτ-methylhistidine content. These results indicate that atrogin-1/MAFbx plays a critical role in the development of muscle proteolysis and its gene expression is a reliable index of muscle proteolysis in broiler chickens.

DOI： 10.2141/jpsa.010093

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Ahmed A. Saleh, Yahya Z. Eid, Tarek A. Ebeid, Tomomi Kamizono, Akira Ohtsuka, Kunioki Hayashi. . Effects of feeding Aspergillus Awamori and Aspergillus Niger on growth performance and meat quality in broiler chickens. . Journal of Poultry Science48 ( 3 ) 201 - 206 2011.2Effects of feeding Aspergillus Awamori and Aspergillus Niger on growth performance and meat quality in broiler chickens.Reviewed

Akira Ohtsuka, Noriko Kawatomi, Kazuki Nakashima, Taro Araki and Kunioki Hayashi . Gene Expression of Muscle-Specific Ubiquitin Ligase, Atrogin-1/MAFbx, Positively Correlates with Skeletal Muscle Proteolysis in Food-Deprived Broiler Chickens . Journal of Poultry Science48 92 - 96 2011.1Gene Expression of Muscle-Specific Ubiquitin Ligase, Atrogin-1/MAFbx, Positively Correlates with Skeletal Muscle Proteolysis in Food-Deprived Broiler ChickensReviewed

西田浩志、栗山由加、川上賀代子、武井裕輔、千葉貴裕、増田秀美、風間克寿、大塚彰、佐藤眞治、小西徹也 . 高脂肪食給与マウスにおける新野菜プチヴェールの抗肥満作用 . 日本栄養・食糧学会誌64 ( 3 ) 169 - 175 2011.1高脂肪食給与マウスにおける新野菜プチヴェールの抗肥満作用Reviewed

Kamizono Tomomi, Nakashima Kazuki, Ohtsuka Akira, HAYASHI Kunioki . Effects of Feeding Hexane-Extracts of a Shochu Distillery By-Product on Skeletal Muscle Protein Degradation in Broiler Chicken . Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry74 ( 1 ) 92 - 95 2010.1

Publisher：公益社団法人日本農芸化学会

We have found that shochu distillery by-product (SDBP) contains a growth promoting factor that can be extracted with ether. In the present study, we administered hexane-extracts of SDBP (HSDBP) to broiler chickens and observed changes in skeletal muscle protein degradation in order to clarify the mechanism of growth promotion due to SDBP feeding. The pectoralis superficial muscle weight was significantly increased by HSDBP feeding. Plasma Nτ-methylhistidine concentration was significantly decreased by HSDBP, showing that the rate of muscle protein degradation decreased. It was also found that the expression of mRNA of ubiquitin-proteasome system and calpain was decreased by HSDBP. These results indicate that growth promotion due to SDBP is caused by suppression of skeletal muscle protein degradation, which is related to the ubiquitin-ptoteasome system and calpain.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.90587

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PubMed

Hayashi Kunioki, Kuroki Hiroshi, Kamizono Tomomi, OHTSUKA Akira . Comparison of the Effects of Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine on Heat Production and Skeletal Muscle Protein Breakdown in Chicken . The journal of poultry science46 ( 3 ) 212 - 216 2009.7

Tahir M. . An effective combination of carbohydrases that enables reduction of dietary protein in broilers: Importance of hemicellulase . Poultry Science87 ( 4 ) 713 - 718 2008.4

Yamamoto Masahiro, Saleh Fuad, Tahir Muhammad, OHTSUKA Akira, HAYASHI Kunioki . The Effect of Koji-feed (Fermented Distillery By-Product) on the Growth Performance and Nutrient Metabolizability in Broiler . The journal of poultry science44 ( 3 ) 291 - 296 2007.7

Masahiro Yamamoto, Fuad Saleh, Muhammad Tahir, Akira Ohtsuka and Kunioki Hayashi . The effect of Koji-feed (fermented distillery by-product) on the growth performance and nutrient metabolizability in broiler . The Journal of Poultry Science43 ( 3 ) 291 - 296 2007.7The effect of Koji-feed (fermented distillery by-product) on the growth performance and nutrient metabolizability in broilerReviewed

Tahir Muhammad, Saleh Fuad, Ohtsuka Akira, HAYASHI Kunioki . Pectinase Plays an Important Role in Stimulating Digestibility of a Corn-Soybean Meal Diet in Broilers . The journal of poultry science43 ( 4 ) 323 - 329 2006.10

Tahir, M., Saleh, F., Ohtsuka, A.,Hayashi, K . Pectinase plays an important role in stimulating digestibility of a corn-soybean meal diet in broilers . Journal of Poultry Science43 ( 4 ) 323 - 329 2006.10Pectinase plays an important role in stimulating digestibility of a corn-soybean meal diet in broilersReviewed

Endo, N., Nishiyama, K., Otsuka, A., Kanouchi, H., Taga, M., Oka, T . Antioxidant activity of vitamin B6 delays homocysteine-induced atherosclerosis in rats . British Journal of Nutrition95 1088 - 1093 2006.1Antioxidant activity of vitamin B6 delays homocysteine-induced atherosclerosis in ratsReviewed

Tahir M. . Synergistic effect of cellulase and hemicellulase on nutrient utilization and performance in broilers fed a corn-soybean meal diet . Animal Science Journal76 ( 6 ) 559 - 565 2005.12

SALEH Fuad, OHTSUKA Akira, HAYASHI Kunioki . Effect of dietary enzymes on the ileal digestibility and abdominal fat content in broilers . Animal science journal76 ( 5 ) 475 - 478 2005.10

Saleh F. . A mixture of pure cellulase, hemicellulase and pectinase improves broiler performance . British Poultry Science46 ( 5 ) 602 - 606 2005.10

Saleh F. . Effect of dietary enzymes on the ileal digestibility and abdominal fat content in broilers . Animal Science Journal76 ( 5 ) 475 - 478 2005.10

YAMAMOTO Masahiro, SALEH Fuad, OHTSUKA Akira, HAYASHI Kunioki . New fermentation technique to process fish waste . Animal science journal76 ( 3 ) 245 - 248 2005.6

Tahir, M.,Saleh, F., Ohtsuka, A. Hayashi, K . Synergistic effect of cellulase and hemicellulase on nutrient utilization and performance in broilers fed a corn-soybean meal diet. . Animal Science Journal,76 559 - 565 2005.5Synergistic effect of cellulase and hemicellulase on nutrient utilization and performance in broilers fed a corn-soybean meal diet.Reviewed

Saleh, F., Ohtsuka, A., Hayashi, K. . Effect of dietary enzymes on the ileal digestibility and abdominal fat content in broilers. . Animal Science Journal,76 475 - 478 2005.4Effect of dietary enzymes on the ileal digestibility and abdominal fat content in broilers.Reviewed

Yamamoto, M., Saleh, F., Ohtsuka, A. Hayashi, K. . New fermentation technique to process fish waste. . Animal Science Journal,76 245 - 248 2005.1New fermentation technique to process fish waste.Reviewed

Sacheck J. . IGF-I stimulates muscle growth by suppressing protein breakdown and expression of atrophy-related ubiquitin ligases, atrogin-1 and MuRF1 . American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism287 ( 4 50-4 ) E591 - 601 2004.10

Saleh Fuad, Ohtsuka Akira, Tanaka Tsuneo, HAYASHI Kunioki . Carbohydrases are Digested by Proteases Present in Enzyme Preparations During in vitro Digestion . The journal of poultry science41 ( 3 ) 229 - 235 2004.7

Saleh, F., Ohtsuka, A., Tanaka, T. Hayashi, K . Carbohydrates are digested by proteases present in enzyme preparations during in vitro digestion. . Journal of Poultry Science41 ( 3 ) 229 - 235 2004.7Carbohydrates are digested by proteases present in enzyme preparations during in vitro digestion.Reviewed

Sacheck, J.M., Ohtsuka, A., MacLary, S.C., Goldberg, AL . IGF-1 stimulates muscle growth by suppressing protein breakdown and expression of atrophy-related ubiquitin-ligases, atrogin-1 and MuRF1. . Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab.287 ( 4 ) E591 - 601 2004.4IGF-1 stimulates muscle growth by suppressing protein breakdown and expression of atrophy-related ubiquitin-ligases, atrogin-1 and MuRF1.Reviewed

Doi Junko, Ohtsubo Akane, Ohtsuka Akira, HAYASHI Kunioki . Triiodothyronine but Not Thyroxine Accelerates Myofibrillar Proteolysis via ATP Production in Cultured Muscle Cells . Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry67 ( 11 ) 2451 - 2454 2003.11

Publisher：社団法人日本農芸化学会

These experiments were done to clarify that the differential effects of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) on skeletal muscle protein turnover are caused by their roles on ATP production. Primary cultured chick muscle cells were treated with a physiological level of T4 (60 ng/ml), T3 (12 ng/ml), or ATP (0.5 mM) for 6 days and the protein content, ATP production, proteasome activity, and myofibrillar protein breakdown were measured. The protein content measured as an index of cell growth was not affected by T4, T3, or ATP. The cellular ATP level was increased by T3 and ATP, but not by T4. Proteasome activity and Nτ-methylhistidine (MeHis) release measured as an index of myofiblillar protein breakdown was also increased by T3 and ATP, but not by T4. These results indicate that T3 but not T4 increases ATP production followed by an increase in proteasome activity, and thus stimulates myofibrillar proteolysis.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.67.2451

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Saleh Fuad, Ohtsuka Akira, Tanaka Tsuneo, HAYASHI Kunioki . Effect of Enzymes of Microbial Origin on in vitro Digestibilities of Dry Matter and Crude Protein in Maize . The journal of poultry science40 ( 4 ) 274 - 281 2003.10

Eid Y. . Tea polyphenols reduce glucocorticoid-induced growth inhibition and oxidative stress in broiler chickens . British Poultry Science44 ( 1 ) 127 - 132 2003.3

Machida Kazue, Ishibashi Ryouji, Hara Tomoko, OHTSUKA Akira, HAYASHI Kunioki . Effects of Corticosterone on Ca^<2+> Uptake and Myofibrillar Disassembly in Primary Muscle Cell Culture . Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry67 ( 2 ) 244 - 249 2003.2

Publisher：社団法人日本農芸化学会

This study was done to examine the effects of corticosterone, a glucocorticoid, on Ca2+ uptake, proteolysis, and Ca2+ channels in primary cultures of chick muscle cells, to clarify the mechanism of glucocorticoid action on muscle proteolysis. Chick muscle cells were incubated for 24 h in a medium containing corticosterone (30 ng/ml) when the cells were confluent (6 days). To examine the contribution of Ca2+ channels, nifedipine, a Ca2+ channels antagonist, was used. Ca2+ uptake measured with 45CaCl2 was increased three-fold by corticosterone, with a peak at 12 h after the treatment started. The growth of the cells estimated from the protein content and creatine kinase activity was not affected by corticosterone. Proteolysis, evaluated with [3H]tyrosine as a label of the protein and Nτ-methylhistidine release, was unchanged by corticosterone. However, the amount of easily releasable myofilament as a measure of myofibrillar disassembly in the muscle cells was increased by corticosterone, and prevented by nifedipine. These results show that corticosterone increases Ca2+ uptake and starts myofibrillar protein breakdown.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.67.244

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PubMed

SALEH Fuad, OHTSUKA Akira, TANAKA Tsuneo, HAYASHI Kunioki . Effect of enzymes of microbial origin on in vitro digestibilities of dry matter and crude protein in soybean meal . Animal science journal74 ( 1 ) 23 - 29 2003.2

Saleh F. . Effect of enzymes of microbial origin on in vitro digestibilities of dry matter and crude protein in soybean meal . Animal Science Journal74 ( 1 ) 23 - 29 2003.2

DOI Junko, HARA Tomoko, OHTSUKA Akira, HAYASHI Kunioki . Role of Ca^<2+> in corticosterone-induced muscle growth retardation . Animal science journal73 ( 5 ) 383 - 387 2002.10

Doi Junko, Shinbori Yuki, Ohtsuka Akira, HAYASHI Kunioki . Effects of the Thyroid Hormone on Differentiation, Growth, and Proteolysis in Cultured Muscle Cells during Serum Deprivation . Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology48 ( 4 ) 265 - 269 2002.8

Publisher：一般財団法人学会誌刊行センター

The actions of the thyroid hormone (T3) are modified by other hormones. Therefore, in the normal cell culture system, with serum as a medium ingredient, it is difficult to eliminate the influences of other hormones derived from the serum. In the present study, two experiments were conducted to clarify the effects of T3 on differentiation, growth and proteolysis (experiment 1), and concerted effects of T3 and insulin (experiment 2) in a serum-free culture with the use of muscle cells originated from chick embryo. Protein content and creatine kinase (CK) activity were examined as indices of growth and differentia-tion of the muscle cells, respectively, and Nz-methylhistidine (MeHis) release was examined as an index of myofibrillar proteolysis. It was observed that T3 suppressed both the muscle differentiation and proteolysis in the serum-free medium (experiment 1), though in our previous experiment they were enhanced by T3 in the serum-supplemented normal medium. On the other hand, T3 increased myofibrillar proteolysis and had no effect on muscle differentiation when insulin was included in the serum-free medium (experiment 2). These results clearly show that the effects of thyroid hormones on muscle differentiation and proteolysis are apparently different when serum is deprived from the medium, and these differential effects of thyroid hormone could be partially explained by an interaction with insulin, one of the growth factors in the serum.

DOI： 10.3177/jnsv.48.265

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PubMed

Eid Yahya Z., Ohtsuka Akira, Hayashi Kunioki . A Modified Method for Measuring N^τ-Methylhistidine in Chiken Feed and Excreta . The journal of poultry science38 ( 4 ) 354 - 357 2001.10

Machida Kazue, Konya Katumi, Nakashima Kazuki, OHTSUKA Akira, HAYASHI Kunioki . Dose Dependent Effects of Corticosterone of Proliferation and Differentiation in Chick Myoblasts . The journal of poultry science38 ( 4 ) 348 - 353 2001.10

Taniguchi Nene, Ohtsuka Akira, Hayashi Kunioki . A High Dose of Vitamin E Inhibits Adrenal Corticosterone Synthesis in Chickens Treated with ACTH . Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology47 ( 1 ) 40 - 46 2001.2

Publisher：一般財団法人学会誌刊行センター

The present experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary vitamin E on plasma corticosterone (CTC) concentration and adrenal steroid syntheses in chickens treated with adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Chickens were divided into ACTH (-) and ACTH (+) groups, and each group was further divided into three subgroups adminis-tered with vitamin E (500 or 5, 000 mg/kg diet) and without the vitamin. Vitamin E (DL-α-tocopheryl acetate) was mixed with the basal diet at levels of 500 and 5, 000 mg/kg and fed for 6 d. ACTH (20 IU/kg body weight) was given daily by intraperitoneal injection for 5 d. α-Tocopherol levels in the plasma and adrenal gland were markedly elevated by vitamin E feeding, and the level of adrenal free cholesterol (CHOL), which is used for steroid synthesis, was significantly decreased by vitamin E feeding in a dose-dependent manner. However, the level of adrenal CHOL ester was unchanged by any treatment. The elevations of preg-nenolone, progesterone and CTC levels in the adrenal gland of chickens with ACTH treat-ment were decreased by vitamin E administration. The elevation of plasma CTC concentra-tion in the ACTH (+) group was dramatically decreased by vitamin E administration, while that concentration was not influenced by the vitamin administration in the ACTH (-) group. These findings indicate that vitamin E suppresses the elevation of the plasma CTC concentration due to ACTH in chickens, possibly by inhibiting the conversion of CHOL ester to free CHOL in the adrenal gland.

DOI： 10.3177/jnsv.47.40

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Hayashi Kunioki, Tada Osamu, Higuchi Kouji, OHTSUKA Akira . Effects of Corticosterone on Connectin Content and Protein Breakdown in Rat Skeletal Muscle . Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry64 ( 12 ) 2686 - 2688 2000.12

Jianhua H. . Selenium influences growth via thyroid hormone status in broiler chickens . British Journal of Nutrition84 ( 5 ) 727 - 732 2000

Taniguchi Nene, Ohtsuka Akira, Hayashi Kunioki . Effect of Dietary Corticosterone and Vitamin E on Growth and Oxidative Stress in Broiler Chickens . Animal science journal70 ( 4 ) 195 - 200 1999.7

Nakashima K. . Comparison of the effects of thyroxine and triiodothyronine on protein turnover and apoptosis in primary chick muscle cell cultures . Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications251 ( 2 ) 442 - 448 1998.10

Ohtsuka Akira, Tanaka Hiroko, Hizaki Ko, HAYASHI Kunioki . Chick skeletal Muscle Proteolysis in vitro Increased by Corticosterone . Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry62 ( 9 ) 1781 - 1783 1998.9

Publisher：社団法人日本農芸化学会

Six-day-old chick skeletal muscle (extensor digitorum longus) was incubated in the presence of corticosterone (CTC; 0, 3, 30, and 300 ng/ml) for 2 h at 37°C. Tyrosine and Nτ-methylhistidine releases, as indices of total muscle and myofibrillar proteolysis, were increased by CTC but with different dose responses, indicating an independent regulation of myofibrillar and non-myofibrillar protein degradation.

DOI： 10.1271/bbb.62.1781

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Nakashima Kazuki, Ohtsuka Akira, Hayashi Kunioki . Effects of Thyroid Hormones on Myofibrillar Proteolysis and Activities of Calpain, Proteasome, and Cathepsin in Primary Cultured Chick Muscle Cells. . Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ　ｏｆ　Ｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎａｌ　Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ　ａｎｄ　Ｖｉｔａｍｉｎｏｌｏｇｙ44 ( 6 ) 799 - 807 1998

Publisher：一般財団法人学会誌刊行センター

The effects of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) on growth, muscle protein degradation, and proteases activities in cultured chick muscle cells were studied. The cells were treated with a physiological level of T4 (60ng/mL) or T3 (12ng/mL) for 6d. Calpain, cathepsins, and proteasome activities and Nτ-methylhistidine release were measured as indexes of myofibrillar protein breakdown. Creatine kinase activity was also measured as an index of myotube formation. Calpain activity was increased by T4 and T3. Cathepsin D and proteasome activities and Nτ-methylhistidine release were increased by T3, but not by T4. Neither were cathepsin B and B+L activities affected by T3 or T4. Creatine kinase activity was increased by T4 and T3. The results suggest that myotube formation is accelerated by T4 and T3, whereas myofibrillar protein degradation is accelerated by T3, but not by T4.

DOI： 10.3177/jnsv.44.799

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Ohtsuka Akira, Kojima Hiroshi, Ohtani Takayuki, HAYASHI Kunioki . Vitamin E Reduces Glucocorticoid-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Skeletal Muscle. . Ｊｏｕｒｎａｌ　ｏｆ　Ｎｕｔｒｉｔｉｏｎａｌ　Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅ　ａｎｄ　Ｖｉｔａｍｉｎｏｌｏｇｙ44 ( 6 ) 779 - 786 1998

Publisher：一般財団法人学会誌刊行センター

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of vitamin E on oxidative stress in the skeletal muscle of glucocorticoid-treated rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (5 weeks of age) were fed a basal diet or a diet supplemented with vitamin E (5, 000 mg DL-α-tocopheryl acetate/kg diet) for 10 d. The rats of both diet groups received subcutaneous injections of corticosterone (CTC) (0, 25, and 100mg/kg body weight/d) during the final 4d. Weights of the extensor digitorum longus and gastrocnemius (CAST) muscles were dose-dependently reduced by CTC. However, the muscle weight losses in rats fed the vitamin E diet were smaller than those in rats fed the basal diet. Protein carbonyl content in the GAST muscle, which was determined as an index of oxidatively modified protein, was increased by 100mg of CTC, and the increment was significantly (p<0.01) reduced by vitamin E supplement. Hypergly-cemia was induced by 100mg of CTC, but it was not affected by vitamin E. Lipid peroxide (TBARS) in plasma and in GAST muscle was elevated by 100mg of CTC, and vitamin E significantly (p<0.001) suppressed the formation of TBARS in the muscle. The change in TBARS paralleled that in protein carbonyl. These results show that CTC leads to oxidative stress in rat skeletal muscles and that vitamin E has roles in reducing the oxidative stress which causes muscle atrophy.

DOI： 10.3177/jnsv.44.779

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Ohtsuka A. . Vitamin E reduces glucocorticoid-induced growth inhibition and lipid peroxidation in rats . Journal of Nutritional Science and Vitaminology44 ( 2 ) 237 - 247 1998

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